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新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.16816

Outcome-Mass Alignment: Controlling Length-Dependent Trajectory Influence in Multi-Turn LLM Agent Reinforcement Learning

Dawei Zhang, Yubin Huangfu, Jessica Fan, Boyu Wei, Likang Wu, Hongke Zhao, Ming He, Zhu Teng

原文摘要

To keep long interaction contexts tractable, stepwise group-relative training for multi-turn LLM agents materializes each source trajectory into multiple response rows and valid tokens. This expansion creates an outer-accounting problem distinct from within-trajectory credit assignment: row-based outcome statistics can count one episode outcome multiple times, while token-level reduction can assign unequal aggregate objective mass across trajectories. We term these effects outcome-statistics multiplicity and objective-mass imbalance. We introduce Outcome-Mass Alignment (OMA), a two-component method that makes both accounting choices explicit. Outcome Alignment computes outcome statistics over unique source trajectories, while Mass Alignment controls aggregate objective mass after within-trajectory aggregation of optimizer-native token objectives. Neither redesigns the base optimizer's credit assignment, importance ratios, or clipping. Across matched ALFWorld GRPO comparisons at two model scales, where failed trajectories typically expand much more than successful ones, OMA improves matched-horizon endpoint success by 7.0-9.4 percentage points. Ordinary WebShop exhibits weak or reversed expansion-outcome coupling and correspondingly mixed effects, whereas in a success-oriented WebShop setting, WebShop-SOL, OMA improves success nAUC from 0.399 to 0.511. Component ablations and GiGPO and GSPO comparisons further support component separability and cross-optimizer compatibility. These results show that trajectory expansion always defines an implicit weighting rule, but its practical effect depends on how expansion couples to outcomes and optimizer-native updates.

cs.CL

版本更新 · v3arXiv:2605.10938

ELF: Embedded Language Flows

Keya Hu, Linlu Qiu, Yiyang Lu, Hanhong Zhao, Tianhong Li, Yoon Kim, Jacob Andreas, Kaiming He

原文摘要

Diffusion and flow-based models have become the de facto approaches for generating continuous data, e.g., in domains such as images and videos. Their success has attracted growing interest in applying them to language modeling. Unlike their image-domain counterparts, today's leading diffusion language models (DLMs) primarily operate over discrete tokens. In this paper, we show that continuous DLMs can be made effective with minimal adaptation to the discrete domain. We propose Embedded Language Flows (ELF), a class of diffusion models in continuous embedding space based on continuous-time Flow Matching. Unlike existing DLMs, ELF predominantly stays within the continuous embedding space until the final time step, where it maps to discrete tokens using a shared-weight network. This formulation makes it straightforward to adapt established techniques from image-domain diffusion models, e.g., classifier-free guidance (CFG). Experiments show that ELF substantially outperforms leading discrete and continuous DLMs, achieving better generation quality with fewer sampling steps. These results suggest that ELF offers a promising path toward effective continuous DLMs.

cs.CL · cs.AI · cs.LG

首次观测 · 记录 #1ACL Anthology · ACL 2026:acl:2026.acl-demo.30ACL Anthology · ACL 2026

ScaleBox: Enabling High-Fidelity and Scalable Code Verification for Large Language Models

Jiasheng Zheng Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xin Zheng, Boxi Cao Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Pengbo Wang, Zhengzhao Ma, Qiming Zhu, Jiazhen Jiang, Yaojie Lu Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences 等 11 位作者

原文摘要

Code sandboxes have emerged as a critical infrastructure for advancing the coding capabilities of large language models, providing verifiable feedback for both RL training and evaluation. However, existing systems fail to provide accurate verification and efficiency under high-concurrency workloads. We present ScaleBox, a high-fidelity and scalable system designed to address these limitations in large-scale code training. ScaleBox introduces automated special-judge generation and management, fine-grained parallel execution across test cases with seamless multi-node coordination, and a configuration-driven evaluation suite for reproducible benchmarking. A series of experiments demonstrates that ScaleBox significantly enhances code verification accuracy and efficiency. Our further RLVR experiments show that ScaleBox substantially improves both performance on LiveCodeBench and training stability, significantly outperforming heuristic-matching baselines. By providing a reliable and high-throughput infrastructure, ScaleBox facilitates more effective research and development in large-scale code training.

cs.CL

Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 3: System Demonstrations) · 2026 · 正式发表

首次观测 · 记录 #1ACL Anthology · ACL 2026:acl:2026.acl-long.1877ACL Anthology · ACL 2026

BOSCH: Black-Box Binary Optimization for Short-Context Attention-Head Selection in LLMs

Abbas Ghaddar Huawei Technologies Canada Co., Ltd., Ivan Kobyzev Noah's Ark Lab, Huawei Technologies Canada Co., Boxing Chen Huawei Technologies Ltd., Yufei Cui

原文摘要

Post-training hybridization of large language models (LLMs) often replaces quadratic self-attention with sliding-window attention (SWA) to reduce KV cache usage and improve latency. Existing hybridization schemes are typically defined either at the layer level (e.g., interleaving) or at the head level via static rankings from local to global. Layer-level schemes ignore that local and global dependencies are routed through heads within the same layer, while static head-level rankings suffer from entanglement: a head’s local/global behavior can change after hybridization. We propose BOSCH, Black-box Binary Optimization for Short-context Head Selection, a training-free method that formulates the problem as a Large Neighborhood Search and decomposes it into three subproblems: (i) layer-importance detection via small-budget black-box probes, (ii) adaptive per-layer SWA-ratio assignment based on these sensitivities, and (iii) grouped head-level optimization within ratio buckets. Extensive experiments on 4 LLMs ranging from 1.7B to 30B parameters, across 4 SWA ratios, show that BOSCH consistently outperforms layer-level heuristics and 6 strong static head-level methods, with larger gains at higher SWA ratios. Under continual pretraining, BOSCH recover original long-context performance faster and to a higher level. Analysis of the selected heads reveals substantial turnover for BOSCH across different SWA ratios, underscoring the importance of performing head-level selection for each target ratio rather than relying on fixed locality rankings.

cs.CL

Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表

首次观测 · 记录 #1ACL Anthology · ACL 2026:acl:2026.acl-long.330ACL Anthology · ACL 2026

Evo-Attacker: Memory-Augmented Reinforcement Learning for Long-Horizon Tool Attacks on LLM-MAS

Bingyu Yan Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Xiaoming Zhang Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, JinYu Hou, Chaozhuo Li Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Ziyi Zhou, Yiming Hei, Litian Zhang Beijing University of Post and Telecommunications

原文摘要

While Large Language Model-based Multi-Agent Systems (LLM-MAS) demonstrate remarkable capabilities in solving complex tasks by orchestrating specialized agents and external tools, the implicit trust in tool outputs creates a critical attack surface. Existing tool attacks are limited by domain specificity or fixed and static templates. To address these challenges, we propose Evo-Attacker, which formulates the tool attack as a self-evolving, memory-augmented reinforcement learning process. Evo-Attacker constructs a dynamic attack memory and employs deliberative reasoning to retrieve adversarial patterns and strategize modifying interventions at critical moments. Furthermore, we introduce Attack-Flow GRPO to optimize intermediate reasoning steps via terminal outcomes, addressing the long-horizon credit assignment challenge. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate that Evo-Attacker consistently outperforms baselines, highlighting its generalization and evolutionary capabilities and the urgent need for defensive tool safeguards.

cs.CL · cs.MA

Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表

首次观测 · 记录 #1ACL Anthology · ACL 2026:acl:2026.acl-long.473ACL Anthology · ACL 2026

FineLAP: Taming Heterogeneous Supervision for Fine-grained Language-Audio Pretraining

Xiquan Li, Xuenan Xu Shanghai Jiaotong University, Ziyang Ma, Wenxi Chen, Haolin He, Qiuqiang Kong The Chinese University of Hong Kong, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Xie Chen

原文摘要

Contrastively pretrained audio–language models (e.g., CLAP) excel at clip-level understanding but struggle with frame-level tasks.Existing extensions fail to exploit the varying granularity of real-world audio–text data, where massive clip-level textual descriptions coexist with limited frame-level annotations. This paper proposes Fine-grained Language-Audio Pretraining (FineLAP), a novel training paradigm that advances both clip- and frame-level alignment in CLAP with heterogeneous data.FineLAP introduces a dual-stream sigmoid loss with a cluster-based sampling strategy to jointly learn from clip- and frame-level supervision. To capture both global semantics and local details, FineLAP uses a decoupled audio projector on top of a self-supervised encoder.To alleviate the scarcity of temporally annotated data, we present FineLAP-100k, a large-scale synthetic SED dataset constructed through a scalable curation pipeline.Extensive experiments demonstrate that FineLAP achieves SOTA performance across multiple audio understanding tasks, including retrieval, classification, sound event detection, and text-to-audio grounding. Ablation studies further show that coarse- and fine-grained alignment are mutually beneficial, providing insights for building better audio-language models (ALMs).

cs.CL

Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表