Lu Wang, Zhuoran Jin, Longxiang Wang, Junhong Chen, Yupu Hao, Yao Xu, Daojian Zeng, Yubo Chen 等 11 位作者
Recent advances in multimodal large language models have increased interest in interaction paradigms for video understanding. The evolution from offline to streaming and proactive interaction has gradually shifted models from passive responders toward more proactive agents that can decide when to answer. However, existing proactive paradigms typically assume that the information required to answer a query is complete, leaving models to only wait or answer. In the real world, however, information is often incomplete due to uncertainty from either the video or the user. In proactive paradigms, such uncertainty can cause the model to wait forever or generate highly hallucinatory responses. We therefore argue that proactive interaction should be redefined with a third action: ask, allowing models to actively ask for missing information. To study when and what models should ask before answering, we introduce AskStream, the first multi-turn benchmark spanning video and user uncertainty for streaming video understanding, with four task categories and eight subtasks. It contains 438 videos with 2,714 manually annotated frame-level time windows across three types: wait, ask, and answer. Across both multiple-choice and open-ended settings, even the strongest model attains only 52.18% on our proposed Ask-F1 metric, highlighting substantial limitations in proactive information seeking under uncertainty.
Ziyao Xu Peking University, Cong Wang Guangdong OPPO Mobile Telecommunications Corp.,Ltd., Houfeng Wang
Compositional generalization tests are often used to estimate the compositionality of LLMs. However, such tests have the following limitations: (1) they only focus on the output results without considering LLMs’ understanding of sample compositionality, resulting in explainability defects; (2) they rely on dataset partition to form the test set with combinations unseen in the training set, suffering from combination leakage issues. In this work, we propose a novel rule-generation perspective for compositionality estimation for LLMs. It requires LLMs to generate a program as rules for dataset mapping and provides estimates of the compositionality of LLMs using complexity-based theory. The perspective addresses the limitations of compositional generalization tests and provides a new way to analyze the compositionality characterization of LLMs. We conduct experiments and analysis of existing advanced LLMs based on this perspective on a string-to-grid task, and find various compositionality characterizations and compositionality deficiencies exhibited by LLMs.
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cs.CL
Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表
Shuyao Xu University of Virginia and National University of Singapore, Cheng Peng, Jiangxuan Long University of Hong Kong, Weidi Xu Infly Technology, Wei Chu Inf Tech, Yuan Qi Fudan University
Recent advances in model distillation show that data from advanced reasoning models can effectively train smaller student models. However, standard practices discard incorrect reasoning traces—valuable, yet underutilized data. This paper addresses the critical question: How can both positive and negative distilled reasoning traces be effectively leveraged to maximize LLM reasoning performance in an offline setting? We employ a two-stage training recipe: first, Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) on positive traces, followed by a refinement stage using both positive and negative traces. We find that a simple REINFORCE-style objective, which we term the Reinforcement Distillation (REDI) objective, outperforms established preference optimization methods like DPO and SimPO in this distillation context. Our empirical evaluations demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach. Notably, our Qwen-REDI-1.5B model, trained on just 131k traces from the open Open-R1 dataset, achieves an 83.1% score on MATH-500. Its performance matches that of DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-1.5B, a model trained on 800k proprietary data. This result showcases the remarkable data efficiency of utilizing previously discarded negative traces.
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cs.CL
Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表
Ruiyao Xu Northwestern University, Mihir Parmar Google, Tiankai Yang University of Southern California, Zhengyu Hu University of Washington, Yue Zhao University of Southern California, Kaize Ding Northwestern University
Learning from preference-based feedback has become an effective approach for aligning LLMs across diverse tasks. However, high-quality human-annotated preference data remains expensive and scarce. Existing methods address this challenge through either self-rewarding, which scales by using purely AI-generated labels but risks unreliability, or active learning, which ensures quality through oracle annotation but cannot fully leverage unlabeled data. In this paper, we present CoAct, a novel framework that synergistically combines self-rewarding and active learning through strategic human-AI collaboration. CoAct leverages self-consistency to identify both reliable self-labeled data and samples requiring oracle verification. Additionally, oracle feedback guides the model to generate new instructions within its solvable capability. Evaluated on three reasoning benchmarks across two model families, CoAct achieves average improvements of +13.25% on GSM8K, +8.19% on MATH, and +13.16% on WebInstruct, consistently outperforming all baselines.
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cs.CL
Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表