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arXiv 最近完成扫描:2026-11-16 01:34 · 全站最近入库:2026-11-14 15:09各信源进度 →

统计口径与数据新鲜度

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新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.12852

是什么扼杀了 v-prediction?像素空间流匹配的逐块 PCA 视角

What kills $v$-prediction? A Patch-wise PCA Perspective on Pixel-Space Flow Matching

Tianze Luo, Haofeng Huang, Yuan Yao

AI 速读 基于摘要

作者从逐块 PCA 的带宽瓶颈视角解释像素空间流匹配中 v-prediction 的训练困难,并提出 Raw-injected Transformer(RiT)以恢复有效的 v-prediction。

cs.CV · cs.LG

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Latent Diffusion Models dominate generative modeling but face two-stage training complexity and the inherent reconstruction limits of pre-trained autoencoders. Pixel-space Flow Matching offers a simplified end-to-end alternative yet often encounters training difficulties when using the standard $v$-prediction objective. Recent research attributes this difficulty to the off-manifold nature of noised targets, motivating a shift toward $x$-prediction. In this paper, we investigate this explanation through patch-wise Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and identify a bandwidth bottleneck. The velocity in minor components is largely determined by the raw noisy input, requiring deep backbones to preserve information that competes with principal-component modeling. Through controlled experiments and representation analysis, we further examine why $x$-prediction remains effective: its parameterization provides a raw-input bypass, while its learned input representation can spontaneously concentrate on principal directions. Under low-rank observations, our analysis of the induced flow characterizes $x$-prediction as an implicit conditional-mean decoder, reconstructing discarded components from the retained information. These observations motivate the Raw-injected Transformer (RiT), which combines a lightweight raw-conditioned decoder with an output-side shortcut to separate semantic modeling from raw-state propagation. Our method restores effective $v$-prediction and achieves competitive performance on ImageNet $256\times256$, providing a perspective on the interaction between prediction objectives and architectural bandwidth.

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2410.21024

Breccia and basalt classification of thin sections of Apollo rocks with deep learning

Freja Thoresen, Aidan Cowley, Romeo Haak, Jonas Lewe, Clara Moriceau, Piotr Knapczyk, Victoria S. Engelschiøn

原文摘要

Human exploration of the moon is expected to resume in the next decade, following the last such activities in the Apollo programme time. One of the major objectives of returning to the Moon is to continue retrieving geological samples, with a focus on collecting high-quality specimens to maximize scientific return. Tools that assist astronauts in making informed decisions about sample collection activities can maximize the scientific value of future lunar missions. A lunar rock classifier is a tool that can potentially provide the necessary information for astronauts to analyze lunar rock samples, allowing them to augment in-situ value identification of samples. Towards demonstrating the value of such a tool, in this paper, we introduce a framework for classifying rock types in thin sections of lunar rocks. We leverage the vast collection of petrographic thin-section images from the Apollo missions, captured under plane-polarized light (PPL), cross-polarised light (XPL), and reflected light at varying magnifications. Advanced machine learning methods, including contrastive learning, are applied to analyze these images and extract meaningful features. The contrastive learning approach fine-tunes a pre-trained Inception-Resnet-v2 network with the SimCLR loss function. The fine-tuned Inception-Resnet-v2 network can then extract essential features effectively from the thin-section images of Apollo rocks. A simple binary classifier is trained using transfer learning from the fine-tuned Inception-ResNet-v2 to 98.44\% ($\pm$1.47) accuracy in separating breccias from basalts.

astro-ph.EP · astro-ph.IM · cs.LG