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新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.05008

Learned Smartphone ISP on Mobile GPUs: Mobile AI 2026 Challenge Report

Andrey Ignatov, Georgy Perevozchikov, Radu Timofte, Yuhong He, Yuxuan Qiu, Tianyu Hao, Ruoqi Li, Yueqi Yang 等 22 位作者

原文摘要

With the increasing importance of mobile camera quality in modern smartphones, growing attention has been directed toward computational photography and advanced image signal processing (ISP) algorithms aimed at enhancing various perceptual attributes of captured images. This creates a need for efficient deep learning models for this problem that are not only performant but can also be deployed on constrained mobile hardware. In this Mobile AI challenge, we address this problem and propose the participants to design fast solutions that can reconstruct RGB photos from RAW Bayer camera data while running on popular smartphone GPUs from Qualcomm and Arm. For this, the participants were provided with a large-scale Fujifilm UltraISP dataset consisting of RAW-RGB image pairs captured with the Sony IMX586 Quad Bayer mobile sensor and a professional 102MP medium format FujiFilm GFX100 camera. The runtime of all models was evaluated on the Snapdragon 8 Elite Gen 5 and Dimensity 9500 chipsets with the Adreno and Mali GPUs, respectively. Top solutions proposed in this challenge are able to reconstruct high-quality 5MP RGB image from raw data on both platforms under 100 milliseconds. A comprehensive description of the models developed in the challenge is provided in this paper.

cs.CV · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.04980

ProAlign: Progressive Positional and Prototype-Guided Alignment for Aerial-Ground Person Re-Identification

Qiao Li, Jing Chen, Cong Wu, Kun He, Ruiying Du, Lei Tan

原文摘要

Aerial-Ground Person Re-Identification (AG-ReID) aims to match pedestrian images captured by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and ground-based surveillance cameras. The task remains highly challenging due to severe viewpoint discrepancies, frequent occlusions, and substantial domain gaps between aerial and ground imagery. Beyond these observable factors, existing methods often overlook two fundamental structural issues: cumulative positional drift during hierarchical feature extraction and semantic inconsistency across cross-view feature distributions. To address these challenges, we propose ProAlign, a Progressive Positional and Prototype-Guided Alignment Network for AG-ReID. ProAlign comprises two key components: a Layer-wise Progressive Positional Embedding (LPPE) module and a View-Aware Prototype Contrastive Learning (PCL) module. LPPE performs adaptive positional calibration throughout transformer layers by employing conditional positional encoding in shallow layers to mitigate local spatial distortions, while introducing learnable static positional embeddings in deeper layers to reinforce global semantic priors. Meanwhile, PCL maintains view-specific aerial and ground prototypes for each identity and enforces cross-view semantic consistency via a dual-prototype contrastive objective. Extensive experiments on CARGO and two real-world AG-ReID benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness of ProAlign, achieving state-of-the-art overall retrieval performance on CARGO with improvements of 1.60% in Rank-1 accuracy and 5.01% in mAP over the strongest competing methods.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.04979

Scaling Laws For Data-Constrained Dense Retrieval

Bowen Fu, Jingtao Zhan

原文摘要

Dense retrieval models are typically obtained by fine-tuning pretrained language models on supervised retrieval data, where high-quality annotations or interaction logs are often limited and reused across many epochs. This data-constrained regime differs from the abundant-data setting assumed by standard scaling laws, making it unclear how the best attainable retrieval performance changes with model size and unique fine-tuning data. We study this question through the minimum achievable evaluation loss (MAEL), defined as the lowest evaluation loss reached during training under fixed model-size and data-budget constraints. We first show that learning-rate choices strongly affect optimization trajectories but have little effect on the final attainable MAEL: after rescaling the optimization-step axis, learning curves collapse across learning rates, and CKA analysis shows that checkpoints reaching MAEL learn highly similar representations. We then fine-tune 35 BERT-family dense retrievers on MS MARCO subsets and find that MAEL is accurately described by a simple multiplicative power law over non-embedding parameters and unique samples, outperforming commonly used additive scaling formulations. We further derive a scaling law for the training step at which MAEL is reached and show that optimal weight decay follows an approximately invariant EMA timescale, yielding lower MAEL and stronger retrieval performance on both in-domain and out-of-domain benchmarks. Finally, combining loss and step scaling suggests that, in our observed regime, increasing pretrained model size is approximately 1.46 times as fine-tuning-compute-efficient as increasing unique in-domain data for reducing MAEL.

cs.IR

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.04916

Behind Video Generation: Observations and Insights on Multimodal Understanding from Kling

Kling Team, Dong Chen, Jialu Chen, Xinlong Chen, Yifan Dai, Haotian Dong, Binzong Geng, Yushuo Guan 等 53 位作者

原文摘要

Video generation has progressed from isolated clips to coherent short-form audiovisual sequences, and the bottleneck is shifting from rendering to semantic control. This report summarizes the observations and insights on multimodal understanding gained from successive generations of Kling. We argue that generation quality is the projection of multimodal understanding through the entire data--conditioning--alignment--evaluation chain, and we examine this chain module by module. Kling-MLLM, a shared multimodal foundation model that unifies image, video, audio, synchronized audio--video, and interleaved inputs, is specialized for each downstream module. Because a DiT is trained on far fewer training samples than a language model, we treat captioning as a semantic contract that maximizes description density, and extend it to reference-grounded captioning that makes reference bindings explicit. Prompt enhancement translates user intent into this caption distribution: basic PE is derived from captions of compelling videos and refined with text-level and generator-in-the-loop reinforcement learning, while agentic PE refines the story and retrieves compelling examples. We show that a reliable text encoder comes from perceptual training rather than from stronger language ability, and that candidates can be screened from text alone before end-to-end training. Reward modeling pairs a general reward model for explainable, localized critiques with a decision reward model for fast multidimensional scoring, treating perceptual bandwidth as a first-class design parameter. Finally, we review task-specific automatic evaluation, focusing on protocols that expose scoring shortcuts and help trace failures to their upstream source. We hope these lessons offer practical guidance for building the understanding stack behind controllable video generation.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.04873

Trusting Imagined Futures: Auditing Imagined Rewards for VLA Post-Training

Zicheng Kong, Zhenbo Xu, Haoyan Zhang, Jinghan Yang, Zhenzhen Li, Yiwei Ru, Liuyu Xiang, WanTing Xu 等 10 位作者

原文摘要

Video world models enable candidate actions to be evaluated through imagined outcomes, but high predicted rewards can favor trajectories with poor execution quality. We introduce Trusting Imagined Futures (TIF), an offline supervision selection method for vision-language-action (VLA) post-training that audits predicted rewards using execution feedback. A multidimensional reward model predicts a utility score for candidate ranking and five dimensions of execution quality. An auditor uses reward predictions and uncertainty to identify overestimation patterns learned from paired imagined videos and real executions. TIF accepts the candidate with the highest predicted utility when its advantage over the existing trajectory exceeds a margin and its audit risk passes a threshold; otherwise, it retains the existing supervision. The retained real trajectories then supervise behavior cloning. Across four LIBERO suites and three training seeds, TIF achieves a mean success rate of 76.25%, improving over training on the existing trajectories by 3.00 percentage points with the same trajectory count and training budget. Adding audit gating yields 1.47 percentage points with the reward model and advantage margin held fixed. The gains persist against advantage ranking and logistic regression risk selection at matched replacement counts. On recorded videos from three real robot tasks, TIF increases clean completion among selected trajectories from 58.33% to 70.00% across 60 candidate pools.

cs.RO · cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2607.20827

Auditing Provenance Sensitivity in LLM Agent Action Selection

Junchi Liao, Qiang Huang, Rui Qian, Xutao Mao, Juntao Cheng, Kangning Cui, Yu Li, Jingyu Sun 等 9 位作者

原文摘要

LLM agents choose tools and arguments from context that mixes user requests, tool outputs, retrieved records, memory, and untrusted text. Evidence can be relevant without being authorized to determine a decision, so a correct action need not be grounded only in permitted evidence. We introduce a target-specific authorization audit that labels context factors separately for each tool and argument target. Its primary test holds the task, proposition, position, and policy fixed while changing only the proposition's source authority. We then test behavior when valid evidence is weakened and use context-subset interactions as a secondary localization diagnostic. Across 450 controlled next-action tasks and multiple open-weight LLM families, trusted and untrusted variants produce different actions in 5.4 percent of competing cases versus 1.7 percent of supporting cases. Under controlled degradation, unauthorized competition is retained in a full-correct, mixed-error, clean-correct pattern in 2.4 percent of comparisons, with a 95 percent confidence interval from 2.1 to 3.0 percent. These are controlled stress-set rates, not deployment prevalence. The models respond to textual source-authority cues, but this does not prevent untrusted evidence from influencing their actions.

cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.04841

DGC-Net: Cross-Modal Dynamic Routing with Global-Guided Compensation in Multimodal Sentiment Analysis

Linan Zhu, Huaijing Wu, Xiao Han, Yuhao Wang

原文摘要

User-generated videos, including opinion vlogs and video reviews, provide a rich source of people's attitudes toward products, services, and social topics. Understanding the sentiment expressed by speakers is important for analyzing online opinions, as transcripts alone may not capture the attitude and intensity conveyed through vocal tone and facial expressions. Multimodal sentiment analysis (MSA) addresses this need by integrating textual, acoustic, and visual cues. However, these cues are often subtle, noisy, and inconsistent across modalities. Existing local affective cue modeling methods typically operate within individual modalities and overlook global contexts from other modalities. This may cause cross-modal affective cue inconsistency. Hierarchical global-local fusion methods integrate global semantics with fine-grained local affective cues. However, they commonly determine the relative contributions of the two representations implicitly, preventing the global-local contributions from adapting to the sample-dependent reliability of local cues and resulting in either insufficient use of informative local cues or excessive interference from unreliable ones. To address these issues, we propose DGC-Net, a Dynamic Gating and Global-Guided Compensation Network for MSA. DGC-Net mitigates cross-modal affective cue inconsistency through cross-modal contribution-aware dynamic expert routing. This mechanism uses auxiliary global contexts to guide local expert selection. Moreover, global-guided dynamic compensation fusion alleviates sample-dependent global-local contribution imbalance while preserving global semantic as the primary anchor and adaptively incorporating expert-refined local cues. Experiments on five multimodal benchmark datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and general applicability of DGC-Net, and ablation studies verify the contribution of each proposed component.

cs.AI · cs.MM

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.04834

Feeling of Knowing in Large Language Models

Zichuan Fu, Xian Wu, Jingtong Gao, Wenlin Zhang, Jiaxuan Li, Binhao Wang, Yimin Deng, Guojing Li 等 12 位作者

原文摘要

Post-training updates change what large language models (LLMs) can answer, but may leave their answerability judgments misaligned. We study this knowledge-judgment desynchronization through functional feeling of knowing (FoK), which supports selective generation, retrieval triggering, and model routing without implying subjective experience. We propose two trainable channels: a knowledge channel that changes answerability and a FoK channel that judges the current knowledge state. Three stages train them: on-policy supervised fine-tuning (OP-SFT) updates knowledge from corrected on-policy answers; knowledge-delta FoK training (K$Δ$-FT) adapts judgments across intermediate knowledge states; and FoK-guided policy optimization (FGPO) trains the subsequent answer or explanation. Factual-QA experiments, cross-dataset evaluation, and three sequential updates show that explicit FoK alignment improves judgment quality on updated knowledge. MMLU and ARC-Easy separately assess capability preservation.

cs.AI · cs.CL · cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2611.03393

TaoMate-FVSR: Audio-Guided Facial Video Restoration

Xinyang Li, Zeran Xu, Jingna Sun, Qijun Gan, Chenwei Zhang, Meiguang Jin, Junfeng Ma

原文摘要

Low-quality facial videos suffer from missing fine details, while AI-generated videos may additionally contain implausible teeth and lip movements that do not match the speech. Restoring the mouth region is particularly challenging: enhancing existing details can preserve structural errors, whereas regenerating them risks changing facial identity and articulation. We propose an audio-guided facial video restoration framework that reconstructs unreliable mouth details and aligns lip movements with the speech while preserving facial identity and temporal consistency. Built on a video diffusion transformer, our framework mixes input video latents with noise to retain useful source information while allowing corrupted details to be regenerated. Audio guides lip movements, reference images constrain facial appearance, and previously generated frames promote temporal consistency. We train the model in two stages, first learning visual restoration from degraded images and videos, then learning audio-guided lip correction from degraded dubbed videos. The resulting model supports both restoration with the original audio and visual dubbing with replacement audio. On talking-head restoration benchmarks, our method achieves the lowest LPIPS and DISTS and the best lip synchronization scores among the evaluated restoration baselines. Qualitative results on AI-generated videos further show improvements in facial detail and mouth-region appearance, including clearer tooth boundaries and lip contours.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v4arXiv:2601.21929

LoRIF: Pushing the Scalability Frontier of Training Data Attribution

Shuangqi Li, Hieu Le, Jingyi Xu, Mathieu Salzmann

原文摘要

Training data attribution (TDA) identifies which training examples most influenced a model's prediction. Influence function methods are a theoretically grounded family of TDA methods and exploit gradients. To overcome the scalability challenge arising from gradient computation, the most popular strategy is random projection (e.g., TRAK, LoGRA). However, this still faces two bottlenecks when scaling to large training sets and high-quality attribution: \emph{(i)} storing and loading projected per-example gradients for all $N$ training examples, where query latency is dominated by I/O; and \emph{(ii)} forming the $D \times D$ inverse Hessian approximation, which costs $O(D^2)$ memory. Both bottlenecks scale with the projection dimension $D$, yet increasing $D$ is necessary for attribution quality -- creating a quality--scalability tradeoff. We introduce \textbf{LoRIF} (\textbf{Lo}w-\textbf{R}ank \textbf{I}nfluence \textbf{F}unctions), which exploits low-rank structures of gradient to address both bottlenecks. First, we store rank-$c$ factors of projected per-example gradients rather than full matrices, reducing storage and query-time I/O from $O(D)$ to $O(c\sqrt{D})$ per layer per sample. Second, we use truncated SVD with the Woodbury identity to approximate the inverse Hessian term in an $r$-dimensional subspace, reducing memory from $O(D^2)$ to $O(Dr)$. On models from 0.1B to 70B parameters trained on datasets with millions of examples, LoRIF achieves up to 20$\times$ storage reduction and query-time speedup compared to LoGRA, while matching or exceeding its attribution quality. LoRIF makes gradient-based TDA practical at frontier scale. Code is available at https://github.com/doub7e/LoRIF.

cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.04772

TactiNavi: Serving and Revising an LLM Game Coach with Explicit Strategy Conditions

Qi Liu, Xiaoyang Yuan, Zhuomeng Zhang, Yubin Ruan, Xinyi Mou, Wenjin Wang, Hanying Jiao, Di Wu 等 12 位作者

原文摘要

A deployed LLM coaching agent answers requests whose correct response depends on player state and game version, so advice that is right for one player can be wrong for the next. We describe TactiNavi, the serving system behind the LLM coach of a commercial open-world game, which makes strategy applicability an explicit artifact shared by offline compilation, online execution, failure diagnosis, and release. An offline compiler turns versioned game evidence and expert guidance into strategy packages with explicit prerequisites, the serving plane evaluates those prerequisites as three-valued conditions over structured player state and records decision traces, and a control plane uses the resulting condition-rule dependencies to validate revisions on held-out traffic before release. In a retrospective evaluation of 1,122 logged coaching turns from three deployment periods, condition-bearing packages raise correctness from 57.9% to 82.0% over atomic facts and reduce strategy misapplication under changed player state from 18.1% to 10.4%, while trace-based claim verification reaches 86.4% precision at a median reply latency of 2.07 s. The deployment also showed that most apparent fixes are generation noise, because an unchanged-system rerun recovers 38.4% of failing turns and only one of 15 shipped revision units passes the release checks retrospectively. We distill these results into lessons on treating applicability as a first-class serving object, sizing traces for later diagnosis, and building the null model into the release path.

cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.04755

iMED: A Multi-Endoscope Dataset for Surgical 3D Perception

Sierra Bonilla, Fengyi Jiang, Chinedu Nwoye, Jingpei Lu, Kailey Reardon, Humphrey W. Chow, Francisco Vasconcelos, Sophia Bano 等 10 位作者

原文摘要

We introduce iMED, the first synchronized multi-endoscope dataset for robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery (RAMIS), designed to address a fundamental limitation in surgical vision benchmarking: the absence of independent held-out viewpoints. Existing surgical datasets capture single-trajectory sequences from a single endoscope, making it impossible to distinguish geometric generalization from photometric interpolation along a narrow forward-facing path. iMED provides 340 sequences ~170K synchronized timepoints with 4 views per timepoint) recorded simultaneously from two independent stereo endoscopes across ex vivo, postmortem, and live surgical settings, spanning 14 specimens with diverse anatomical regions and motion regimes. The dataset includes calibrated camera intrinsics, ArUco-based frame-wise pose estimates with uncertainty quantification, instrument segmentation masks, and rich clinical metadata. Using a train-on-one-endoscope, test-on-another evaluation protocol, we benchmark 23 state-of-the-art methods across rigid and deformable novel view synthesis, pose estimation, feature matching, and monocular depth estimation. Our experiments show that methods relying primarily on photometric supervision degrade substantially under this held-out-endoscope setting, while methods with explicit geometric regularization are more robust across views in our benchmark. Notably, large-scale foundation models transfer surprisingly well to surgical imagery, often outperforming domain-specific models, suggesting pitfalls in current fine-tuning protocols. iMED establishes a new evaluation protocol for geometric generalization in surgical vision.

cs.CV · cs.RO

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v6arXiv:2409.15955

A Historical Trajectory Assisted Optimization Method for Zeroth-Order Federated Learning

Yu Cai, Canxi Huang, Zike Li, Jing Gong, Xiaoyu He

原文摘要

Federated learning heavily relies on distributed gradient descent techniques. In the situation where gradient information is not available, the gradients need to be estimated from zeroth-order information, which typically involves computing finite-differences along isotropic random directions. This method suffers from high estimation errors, as the geometric features of the objective landscape may be overlooked during the isotropic sampling. In this work, we propose a non-isotropic sampling method to improve zeroth-order gradient estimation. The method uses historical solution trajectories to identify a promising subspace and constructs a non-isotropic Gaussian smoothing that balances exploitation in this subspace with global exploration. We implement this method in zeroth-order federated settings, and show that the convergence rate aligns with existing ones while introducing no significant overheads in communication or local computation. The effectiveness of our proposal is verified on several numerical experiments in comparison to several commonly-used zeroth-order federated optimization algorithms. The experiments cover both independent and identically distributed data and heterogeneous client data distributions.

cs.LG · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2611.03183

Auto-Research Agent on MSA Organization to Improve Protein-Protein Complex Structure Prediction

Zilu Zhang, Jing Bao, Lifeng Qiao, Sheng Xu, Qiantai Feng, Siqi Sun, Yang Yang

原文摘要

Protein-complex structure prediction with AlphaFold 3 depends on MSA content, depth, and cross-chain pairing. Current pipelines apply uniform recipes, typically maximizing depth and pairing by species, yet even whether cross-chain pairing helps AF3 remains contested. We show that the value of both depth and pairing is strongly target-dependent, so no single recipe is optimal across interfaces. We introduce an autonomous agent that treats a frozen AF3 as a black-box experimental instrument. For each target, the agent formulates biological hypotheses, analyzes and reorganizes the MSA, and iteratively refines sequence selection and pairing using predictor label-free signals alone. On 1{,}015 protein--protein interfaces from three benchmarks released after AF3's training cutoff, the agent improves overall interface DockQ over AF3's default pipeline and fixed MSA recipes on every benchmark, while using on average 60\% fewer MSA sequences than the default. Gains are largest for inter-species heteromers, where species-based pairing is unreliable: mean DockQ increases from 0.465 to 0.612 on FoldBench and from 0.482 to 0.562 on HD439. The improvements arise from both sequence construction and pairing policy, including deliberate non-pairing. These results recast MSA design as a target-specific problem and show that an autonomous agent can adapt it at test time through biological reasoning and self-directed, confidence-guided experimentation.

cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.04693

Rate-Distortion-Perception Tradeoff for Vector Gaussian Sources with Limited Common Randomness: Exact Characterization and Approximate Universality

Wentao Wang, Shuo Shao, Ruibin Li, Jingjing Qian, Jun Chen, Bin Xia

原文摘要

The distortion-rate-common randomness-perception (DRCP) theory characterizes how limited common randomness (CR) improves reconstruction fidelity under perceptual constraints, thereby providing an information-theoretic foundation for generative compression. In this paper, we characterize the DRCP tradeoff for vector Gaussian sources with limited CR under the squared-error distortion measure and the squared Wasserstein-2 perception measure. Specifically, we first establish a generalized reverse waterfilling characterization of globally optimal allocations. Second, we derive an analytical upper bound on the DRCP function through sequential greedy allocation of rate and CR. For fixed rate and CR budgets, the resulting representation is independent of the perception threshold. Finally, we establish its approximate universality through uniform performance guarantees: the achievable distortion exceeds the optimal distortion by at most $2ρ^*\approx0.2897$ times the total source variance, whereas the optimal-to-greedy distortion ratio is at least $η^*\approx0.7517$.

cs.IT

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2611.03233

Axion 1.0: Open Agent Foundation Models, Simplified

Yuqi Jia, Yunjie Tian, Jiayu Zheng, Yijun Liang, Jingchen Sun, Mengyu Zhao, Di Fu

原文摘要

We introduce Axion 1.0, a fully open agent foundation model that combines strong and broad agentic capabilities with a remarkably simple training recipe. Axion 1.0 is trained in only three stages: two lightweight supervised fine-tuning stages followed by reinforcement learning, without dedicated mid-training, direct preference optimization (DPO), or on-policy distillation (OPD). The first SFT stage develops strong self-contained reasoning through model-aware data construction, where we synthesize challenging problems and adversarially strengthen them based on the base model's own successful solution strategies. The second stage extends these capabilities to tool-dependent reasoning through a scalable pipeline for constructing diverse and automatically verifiable tasks grounded in real-world data sources and deterministic computation. Finally, reinforcement learning further strengthens long-horizon reasoning and interaction with external tools and environments. Despite this compact training recipe, Axion 1.0 achieves strong performance across a broad suite of agentic benchmarks and is competitive with leading commercial models on several of them. Equally importantly, Axion 1.0 is open beyond model weights: we release the complete recipe, including data construction, generation, filtering, verification, prompts, and training code, enabling the entire development process to be reproduced and extended. Axion 1.0 demonstrates that strong agent foundation models can be both open and simple, offering a practical and reproducible path toward advancing open agentic intelligence.

cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.04609

Making Smell Actionable in Design: Lexicon, Movement Patterns, and Gesture Cards

Anran Feng, Shengyu Gao, Xingyu Zhao, Zhenyu Qian, Jingrui An

原文摘要

Smell is powerful in design, yet it often remains vague and difficult to work with in studios and classrooms. While olfactory HCI has produced devices, toolkits, and scenario-based applications, designers still lack teachable, shareable resources that link smell to bodily action. This paper presents a three-phase research program that makes smell actionable by moving from lived smell experiences to movement patterns and, finally, to gesture resources. We study olfactory-motor mappings and package the results as teachable design representations through a progressively narrowing method: (1) extracting smell-verb-intent relations from user narratives; (2) capturing and clustering embodied enactments into standardized upper-limb trajectory families; and (3) translating these trajectories into gesture card representations for design teaching and ideation through design workshops. We present a three-phase translational framework and empirically derived smell-gesture correspondences that structure the smell-intent-trajectory-gesture pathway, together with reusable assets (lexicon, trajectory atlas, gesture tables, and cards) that support teaching, reuse, and adaptation across contexts.

cs.HC

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v3arXiv:2609.38044

A Tale of Two Walks: From Kac to KMP and Back

Qian Chen, Jingcheng Liu, Minglong Qin, Leonard J. Schulman, Fang Song, Penghui Yao, Mingnan Zhao

原文摘要

We reveal an unexpected connection between two interacting particle systems: Kac's walk and the Kipnis-Marchioro-Presutti (KMP) process. We first establish a mixing-time analogue of Aldous's conjecture for the KMP process on general graphs: the mixing time of the $t$-particle process on any connected $d$-vertex graph is at most $O(\log d)$ times the corresponding single-particle mixing time, uniformly in $t$. As an application, we improve the mixing-time bound for coordinate hit-and-run on the $n$-dimensional standard simplex from $\widetilde{O}(n^3)$ [KV26] to $O(n\log n)$, while removing the dependence on the initial distribution. We then show that the twirling channel induced by the parallel Kac's walk on the symmetric subspace can be exactly encoded by a Markov chain on partitions, which naturally lifts to a parallel KMP chain on the complete graph. We prove that $O(\log d+\log(1/\varepsilon))$ repetitions of the parallel Kac's walk suffice to approximate Haar twirling on the symmetric subspace of $(\mathbb{C}^d)^{\otimes t}$ to error $\varepsilon$, uniformly in all $t$. Our main technical contribution is a new structural property of KMP-type dynamics: conditional product structure, which holds for both the standard KMP processes on general graphs and the parallel KMP processes on complete graphs. Conditioned on suitable auxiliary randomness, the evolution of the labeled KMP process factorizes into independent single-particle updates. Combining this structure with an exact coupling, we remove the dependence on the number of particles from the mixing bounds for both unlabeled KMP models. This bypasses the $\log(π_{\min}^{-1})$ dependency from spectral-gap arguments, which is often prohibitively large for many-particle systems. Using this framework, we prove mixing bounds that are sharp up to logarithmic factors for both unlabeled KMP models.

quant-ph · cs.DS · math.PR

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2607.13940

A Self-Evolving Agent for Longitudinal Personal Health Management

Haoran Li, Jiebi Deng, Tong Jin, Jinghong Han, Yuxin Wang, Zexin Wang, Jinyu Sun, Qingyi Si 等 14 位作者

原文摘要

Medical large language models and agents show strong single-encounter question answering and evidence interpretation but struggle to accumulate and govern experience across encounters. We present HealthJev, an open-source agent separating shared safety rules and medical knowledge from a private longitudinal memory and distilling lessons from completed cases. To filter out erroneous lessons before they affect future behaviour, we self-train JevGate, a lightweight System-One model that decides which lessons enter memory; each decision takes a median of 86 milliseconds and about 1,000 input tokens, sustaining experience accumulation at negligible run-time overhead. On a longitudinal benchmark of 90-day simulated daily interactions for 20 users built from real MIMIC-IV trajectories, HealthJev outperformed a memory-free ReAct agent and three memory-augmented frameworks, with all paired comparisons significant. Across six tasks spanning clinical records, medical imaging, genomics and clinical text, HealthJev improved every task with a mean gain of 13.3 percentage points over the base condition, surpassing all baselines. The frozen library transferred to six further backbones with macro-average gains of 6.8 to 15.1 percentage points, and one task's library brought gains on other tasks. These results indicate that governed, self-evolving memory supports longitudinal personal health management beyond single encounters. HealthJev is publicly available at https://github.com/HC-Guo/Self-Evolving_HealthJev.

cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v3arXiv:2606.00180

Beyond Augmentation: Score-Guided Pathological Prior for EEG-based Depression Detection

Xiaojing Chen, Jingqi Cheng, Xu Zhao, Wan Jiang, Jingjing Wu

原文摘要

Deep learning-based Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) detection using Electroencephalography (EEG) is fundamentally constrained by the "small-sample dilemma." Prevailing generative data augmentation methods not only incur heavy computational overhead but also risk introducing synthetic noise, thereby blurring classification boundaries. To challenge the traditional "data quantity first" convention, we propose a novel framework "Beyond Augmentation": Score-Guided Classification (SGC). SGC does not synthesize pseudo-samples; instead, it utilizes an unsupervised generative network architecture to model the structural and statistical anomaly degrees of samples, serving as the core "Pathological Prior". This prior, after robust normalization, is explicitly fused with deep feature representations, thereby precisely guiding the classifier's decision boundary. Furthermore, to dynamically adapt to varying channel configurations, we propose a Cross-Channel Spatial Adaptation module, utilizing a spatial mapping mechanism to effectively resolve the hardware heterogeneity of mismatched channels in multi-center datasets. Extensive experiments on the Mumtaz2016 and high-density MODMA datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and exceptional generalizability of our method under the challenging "zero data augmentation" setting and at "zero sample synthesis cost". Keywords: Electroencephalography (EEG), Depression Detection, Anomaly Score, Diffusion Models, Few-Shot Learning

cs.LG · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.04483

CogniLife: Continuous Cognitive Distillation for Deployed Multi-Expert Agent Marketplaces

Xuwei Tan, Jingchun Huang, Ming Cai, Shuangquan Lyu, Tiange Wang, Yinzhi Wang, Ronghua Shi, Jingwei Song 等 15 位作者

原文摘要

Multi-expert agent marketplaces -- where creators publish domain-specific AI experts for end users to consult -- are an emerging deployment pattern for language technology. A published expert can receive many requests yet little evidence about its creator, who remains active elsewhere: the cold-expert problem. We frame continuous cognitive distillation as converting attributed creator observations into revisable decision rules, communication patterns, and domain procedures. CogniLife proposes a cross-expert attribution design for this problem, with Creator Profiles for transferable creator patterns and Expert Journals for listing-specific knowledge; this design is not yet implemented or evaluated. A deployed platform partially realizes the surrounding lifecycle through creator-authorized authoring, capability-owned proposal filtering, and reversible consolidation of eligible owner-scoped memory. On ProfyBench-v1, an 85-task offline benchmark built from replay seeds and controlled internal tests, the Profy Full configuration as a whole achieves a mean overall score of 4.65/5 from the primary LLM judge, compared with 4.01 for Raw LLM and 4.28 for Expert Prompt, with the largest gains in completeness, specificity, and missing-information tasks. These configuration-level scores do not test cold-expert mitigation, cross-expert transfer, or longitudinal distillation.

cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2607.17243

LenGuard-GPC: Length Guarding with Guided-Prompt Consistency for Spatial Reasoning Reinforcement Learning

Xingjian Tao, Yiwei Wang, Yujun Cai, Xinghua Qu, Jing Tang

原文摘要

Multi-view spatial reasoning requires vision-language models to compare visual evidence across images, align object correspondences, and infer spatial relations over long visual contexts, a setting where chain-of-thought reasoning tends to grow verbose without becoming more accurate. Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards is a natural fit for this task, but standard GRPO reward relies on sparse outcome-level feedback and gives no signal about where a reasoning trajectory goes wrong, nor any control over its length. We propose LenGuard-GPC, a dense reward framework that addresses both problems together. For each sampled trajectory, it compares the token-wise predictive distributions under a standard prompt and a guided prompt, and uses the resulting token-sum KL divergence as a dense reward signal. Since this KL penalty accumulates over tokens and would otherwise reward shorter responses regardless of their quality, we introduce a staged length bonus that keeps reasoning length within a controlled range without simply encouraging brevity. On six multi-view spatial reasoning benchmarks, LenGuard-GPC improves accuracy over vanilla GRPO while reducing average response length.

cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.04472

Beyond Token Representations: Explicit Visual Object Grounding for Video Reasoning Segmentation

Jun Huang, Junyang Zhang, Zijie Yue, Bingkun Wang, Yong Luo, Miaojing Shi

原文摘要

Video Reasoning Segmentation (VRS) aims to infer and segment target objects specified by reasoning queries in videos. Existing methods typically first infer the target and generate a few segmentation tokens for it, which are then fed into a mask decoder for mask prediction. However, such segmentation tokens tend to be both semantically monotonous and spatially ambiguous, making them largely insufficient to represent the target to guide mask prediction. In this paper, we propose an explicit visual object grounding framework for VRS. Specifically, we first propose a spatial-aware prompt generation and refinement scheme, in which we query a multimodal large language model to generate explicit spatial prompts (i.e., bounding box and point set) for the target and then refine them through multi-step dialogue. Furthermore, we introduce a query diversification and alignment module to generate auxiliary queries that describe the same target from different perspectives. We then enforce cross-query consistency between their predicted spatial prompts to alleviate the training bias caused by query limitations. Finally, we select several reliable frames using a prompt-based keyframe selection strategy to support mask decoding and propagation. Extensive experiments on eight datasets demonstrate that our method significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods. The code is available at https://github.com/viscom-tongji/EVOG.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2611.00633

Evidence-grounded large language models guide perovskite solar cell design and optimization

YanKai Chen, Zhi Wan, ZiHao Li, Tao Jing

原文摘要

Using large language models to interpret experimental evidence, design discriminating experiments and formulate well-supported mechanistic explanations remains a central challenge in materials research. Here we establish PSM-Bench, an 800-question benchmark developed by perovskite researchers to evaluate scientific reasoning in perovskite photovoltaics. We also introduce OpenPerov, an expert-informed language-model framework that learns from expert-calibrated evidence records reconstructed from 4,035 training articles; these records link experimental strategies, controls and observations to mechanistic interpretations. Structured-evidence adaptation outperformed conventional question-answer training, and OpenPerov Flash ranked first among 13 closed-book systems. OpenPerov Pro raised Scientific Mastery further, from 87.6 to 89.1, by revising selected passages with retrieved evidence. On questions derived from subsequent studies, both models also outscored expert-authored answers. In an experimental test of self-assembled monolayer design, OpenPerov selected a K analogue that outperformed the Na analogue preferred by experts. Devices incorporating the selected contact reached a power conversion efficiency of 27.05% and retained 96.74% of their initial efficiency after 1,000 h of dark thermal ageing at 85 $^\circ$C. These results show that reconstructed scientific reasoning provides an effective basis for building domain models that interpret experiments and inform materials design.

cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v3arXiv:2610.09536

MagCilia: A Compact Magnetociliary Tactile Sensor with 3D Force Sensing for Robotic Contact Perception and Grasping Feedback

Yu Feng, Hao Wu, Haotian Guo, Haoming Liu, William Su, Jingxiang Guo, Jiankun Li, Masayoshi Tomizuka 等 10 位作者

原文摘要

Robotic grasping and surface exploration benefit from simultaneous measurement of normal and tangential forces and from surface information obtained through contact. Here, we present a compact magnetociliary tactile sensor (MagCilia) that combines a flexible magnetic-cilia structure with a Hall sensor for 3D force sensing. Quasi-static finite element analysis is used to investigate structural deformation and magnetic responses under multidirectional loading. To reconstruct forces from the coupled magnetic channels, we propose causal history fusion regression (CHFR), which combines current magnetic-field measurements with their recent changes. Five-fold cross-validation grouped by calibration record yields root-mean-square errors of 0.40, 0.57, and 0.69 N for Fx, Fy, and Fz, respectively, with corresponding coefficients of determination of 0.93, 0.90, and 0.92. Robotic experiments demonstrate tangential-force-guided gripper adjustment and multi-axis load monitoring under external perturbations. Frequency-domain features of the reconstructed forces distinguish six surface categories with 99.39% accuracy in three-fold cross-validation grouped by acquisition session. An online robotic demonstration additionally identifies all six tested surfaces. These results demonstrate 3D force reconstruction, grasping feedback, and surface recognition using a single compact tactile unit.

cs.RO

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2605.31033

SlotMemory: Object-Centric KV Memory for Streaming Long-Video Generation

Weijia Dou, Hui Li, Jiahao Cui, Lei Zhou, Jingdong Wang, Siyu Zhu

原文摘要

Streaming video generation models typically rely on temporal-centric memory, organizing historical context as latent queues, compressed context tokens, or unclustered token sets. This often causes identity drift and semantic inconsistency when entities exit the frame or during interactive prompt transitions. To address these limitations, we propose SlotMemory, an object-centric Key-Value (KV) memory mechanism for streaming video diffusion. Our approach shifts memory abstraction from ``when'' an event occurred to ``what'' is represented by decomposing the transformer's KV manifold into discrete, reusable semantic slots. Because the slots serve only as routing addresses and the stored content remains the original transformer KV tokens, the mechanism adds entity-level persistence and prompt-aware retrieval across long horizons. Evaluated on 60-second interactive narratives using the Wan2.1-T2V-1.3B backbone, SlotMemory achieves the highest Dynamic Degree among evaluated streaming methods and the second-highest aggregate Quality Score, preserving prompt adherence rather than trading it away for consistency. At the 30-second horizon, SlotMemory leads in Total, Quality, and Dynamic Degree, improving Dynamic Degree by 31.2% over MemFlow, the strongest memory-based baseline. Our results support treating structured semantic representation, rather than raw temporal capacity, as a critical primitive for persistent long-form video synthesis.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v3arXiv:2604.14626

ELMoE-3D: Leveraging Intrinsic Elasticity of MoE for Hybrid-Bonding-Enabled Self-Speculative Decoding in On-Premises Serving

Yuseon Choi, Jingu Lee, Jungjun Oh, Sunjoo Whang, Byeongcheol Kim, Minsung Kim, Junhyuk Lee, Hoi-Jun Yoo 等 9 位作者

原文摘要

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models have become the dominant architecture for large-scale language models, yet on-premises serving remains fundamentally memory-bound as batching turns sparse per-token compute into dense memory activation. Memory-centric architectures (PIM, NMP) improve bandwidth but leave compute underutilized under MoE's low arithmetic intensity on high batch sizes. Speculative decoding (SD) trades idle compute for fewer target invocations, yet verification must load experts even for rejected tokens, severely limiting its benefit in MoE especially on low batch sizes. We propose ELMoE-3D, a hybrid-bonding (HB)-based HW-SW co-designed framework that unifies cache-based acceleration and speculative decoding to offer overall speedup across batch sizes. We identify two intrinsic elasticity axes of MoE---expert and bit---and jointly scale them to construct Elastic Self-Speculative Decoding (Elastic-SD), which serves as both an expert cache and a strongly aligned self-draft model accelerated by high HB bandwidth. Our LSB-augmented bit-sliced architecture exploits inherent redundancy in bit-slice representations to natively support bit-nested execution. On our 3D-stacked hardware, ELMoE-3D achieves an average $6.6\times$ speedup and $4.4\times$ energy efficiency gain over naive MoE serving on xPU across batch sizes 1--16, and delivers $2.2\times$ speedup and $1.4\times$ energy efficiency gain over prior accelerator baselines.

cs.LG · cs.AI · cs.AR · cs.DC

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v3arXiv:2504.12948

Algorithms for the Shortest Vector Problem in $2$-dimensional Lattices, Revisited

Lihao Zhao, Chengliang Tian, Jingguo Bi, Guangwu Xu, Jia Yu

原文摘要

Efficiently solving the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP) in two-dimensional lattices holds practical significance in cryptography and computational geometry. While simpler than its high-dimensional counterpart, two-dimensional SVP motivates scalable solutions for high-dimensional lattices and benefits applications like sequence cipher cryptanalysis involving large integers. In this work, we first propose a novel definition of reduced bases and develop an efficient adaptive lattice reduction algorithm \textbf{CrossEuc} that strategically applies the Euclidean algorithm across dimensions. Building on this framework, we introduce \textbf{HVec}, a vectorized generalization of the Half-GCD algorithm originally defined for integers, which can efficiently halve the bit-length of two vectors and may have independent interest. By iteratively invoking \textbf{HVec}, our optimized algorithm \textbf{HVecSBP} achieves a reduced basis in $O(\log n M(n) )$ time for arbitrary input bases with bit-length $n$, where $M(n)$ denotes the cost of multiplying two $n$-bit integers. Compared to existing algorithms, our design is applicable to general forms of input lattices, eliminating the cost of pre-converting input bases to Hermite Normal Form (HNF). The comprehensive experimental results demonstrate that for the input lattice bases in HNF, the optimized algorithm \textbf{HVecSBP} achieves at least a $13.5\times$ efficiency improvement compared to existing methods. For general-form input lattice bases, converting them to HNF before applying \textbf{HVecSBP} offers only marginal advantages in extreme cases where the two basis vectors are nearly degenerate. However, as the linear dependency between input basis vectors decreases, directly employing \textbf{HVecSBP} yields increasingly significant efficiency gains, outperforming hybrid approaches that rely on prior \textbf{HNF} conversion.

cs.CG · cs.CR

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.04420

Verifier strength does not buy discovery quality: a pre-registered two-domain test of LLM-based automated research, with post-hoc evidence pointing to proposer-pool composition

Peter Chen, Ni Zhang, Siyuan Zhang

原文摘要

Automated research pipelines pair an LLM proposer with a verifier on an implicit bet: discovery quality rises with verification strength. Under a pre-registered protocol we test this bet in two real-data domains -- job-shop scheduling and vehicular edge offloading on Beijing T-Drive trajectories -- across 100 matched LLM/random pairs per domain and three verifier tiers. The manipulation binds -- a 429-case mutation battery shows scores rising across tiers -- yet the paired LLM-over-random advantage does not scale with it (A, one-sided p=0.1115; D, p=0.9994), and in D shrinks under the strict tier (margin contrast -0.040, p=0.0013). The two lower gates promote identical candidates in 100/100 and 99/100 pairs, so the strict order is untestable when they coincide. Constructively, LLM proposals carry a real paired advantage over random controls, but a post-hoc union-pool analysis shows the fastest path to better discovery is widening the pool, not tightening the gate: mixing the two pools adds +1.52 holdout-value units in domain A (one-sided Wilcoxon, n=100, p=0.0002) -- evidence that pool composition, not verification strength, is the lever. Criteria, ledgers and scripts are archived on Zenodo (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.23308866).

cs.AI · cs.SE

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2611.02791

PGuard: A Native, Streaming, and Plug-in Guardrail for Multimodal Large Language Models

Junyu Lin, Mengjie Wu, Yonghao Dong, Yuchuan Fu, Jinfeng Li, Xiaodan Li, Xiaohan Yuan, Yicheng Liu 等 14 位作者

原文摘要

As streaming generation becomes the dominant serving paradigm for both text-only and multimodal large language models, ensuring safety throughout the generation process has become a critical challenge. We introduce PGuard, a native, streaming, and plug-in guardrail that transforms safety monitoring from an external serving dependency into an integrated capability of the backbone model. PGuard directly leverages the backbone's intermediate representations for token-level safety detection, without altering its original inference pathway or generation behavior. Specifically, dynamic layer gating selectively aggregates residual-stream representations across layers to extract safety-relevant signals during both prefill and autoregressive decoding. To balance detection accuracy and computational efficiency, PGuard supports multiple representation-modeling architectures, including a lightweight stateless variant and sequence-aware variants built on multi-scale causal EMA-attention and GRU-based recurrent modules. Its design also accounts for the execution characteristics of LLM serving frameworks, such as SGLang, optimizing computation and data access to minimize additional runtime and synchronization overhead. As a result, PGuard incurs only 0.82-2.26% end-to-end overhead on the hundred-billion-parameter backbone Qwen3.5-122B-A10B served by SGLang. Extensive evaluations across more than 30 benchmarks spanning text and multimodal safety, jailbreaks, cyber and CBRN risks, multilingual scenarios, and real-world traffic demonstrate state-of-the-art performance among native guardrails. On text queries with Qwen3.5-9B, PGuard achieves an average F1 score of 0.836, approaching dedicated external guardrails, while supporting deployment-time configuration of category-specific thresholds and enforcement actions.

cs.CL

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