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原文摘要

This review explores the evolution of human-machine interfaces (HMIs) in subsea telerobotics, charting the progression from traditional first-person "soda-straw" consoles-- characterized by narrow field-of-view camera feeds-- to contemporary interfaces leveraging gesture recognition, virtual reality, and natural language processing. The review makes three key contributions. First, we introduce a structured framework that analyzes subsea HMIs through three interrelated aspects: operator experience, robotic autonomy, and bidirectional human-machine communication. Second, using these aspects, we compare visual, haptic, extended-reality, gesture, and natural-language interfaces; examine the progression from direct teleoperation to shared autonomy; and assess the distinct roles of simulators and digital twins in training, prototyping, and mission support. Third, we synthesize the reported evidence to distinguish established industrial tools, selectively deployed technologies, and research-stage capabilities, while identifying limitations in interoperability, communication reliability, immersive feedback, and field validation. From this synthesis, we outline standardization needs and research directions for hydrodynamic feedback, latency-aware shared autonomy, grounded language interaction, and real-to-simulation transfer. The report concludes by identifying open research questions and proposing a roadmap toward more intelligent and intuitive subsea HMI systems.