The Prosody of Emojis
Giulio Zhou University of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Tsz Kin Lam NatWest Group, Alexandra Birch University of Edinburgh, Barry Haddow Aveni
原文摘要
Prosodic features such as pitch, timing, and intonation are central to spoken communication, conveying emotion, intent, and discourse structure. In text-based settings, where these cues are absent, emojis act as visual surrogates that add affective and pragmatic nuance. This study examines how emojis influence prosodic realisation in speech and how listeners interpret prosodic cues to recover emoji meanings. Unlike previous work, we directly link prosody and emojis by analysing human speech data collected through a controlled elicited production task. Using Bayesian multilevel modelling, we show that speakers systematically adapt their prosody based on emoji cues, and that listeners can recover intended meanings significantly above chance. Furthermore, our results reveal a clear hierarchy in prosodic shifts: greater semantic differences between emojis correspond to increased prosodic divergence. These findings suggest that emojis are meaningful carriers of prosodic intent that bridge the gap between digital text and spoken production.
cs.CL
Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表