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arXiv 最近完成扫描:2026-11-15 13:55 · 全站最近入库:2026-11-14 15:09各信源进度 →

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版本更新 · v4arXiv:2602.12316

GT-HarmBench: Benchmarking AI Safety Risks Through the Lens of Game Theory

Pepijn Cobben, Xuanqiang Angelo Huang, Thao Amelia Pham, Isabel Dahlgren, Bernhard Schölkopf, Terry Jingchen Zhang, Zhijing Jin

原文摘要

Frontier AI systems are increasingly capable and deployed in high-stakes multi-agent environments. However, existing AI safety benchmarks largely evaluate single agents, leaving multi-agent risks such as coordination failure and conflict poorly understood. We introduce GT-HarmBench, a benchmark of 1,535 high-stakes scenarios spanning game-theoretic structures such as the Prisoner's Dilemma, Stag Hunt and Chicken. Scenarios are drawn from realistic AI risk contexts in the MIT AI Risk Repository. Across 15 frontier models, agents fail to choose socially beneficial actions in 39% of high-stakes cases, such as military escalation, election manipulation, and medical malpractice. We measure sensitivity to game-theoretic prompt framing and ordering, and analyze reasoning patterns driving failures. We further show that game-theoretic interventions improve socially beneficial outcomes by up to 31%. Our results highlight substantial reliability gaps and provide a broad standardized testbed for studying alignment in multi-agent environments. The benchmark and code are available at https://github.com/Flecart/gt-harmbench.

cs.AI · cs.CL · cs.CY · cs.GT · cs.MA

版本更新 · v4arXiv:2306.04169

Efficient Alternating Minimization with Applications to Weighted Low Rank Approximation

Zhao Song, Mingquan Ye, Junze Yin, Lichen Zhang

原文摘要

Weighted low rank approximation is a fundamental problem in numerical linear algebra, and it has many applications in machine learning. Given a matrix $M \in \mathbb{R}^{n \times n}$, a non-negative weight matrix $W \in \mathbb{R}_{\geq 0}^{n \times n}$, a parameter $k$, the goal is to output two matrices $X,Y\in \mathbb{R}^{n \times k}$ such that $\| W \circ (M - X Y^\top) \|_F$ is minimized, where $\circ$ denotes the Hadamard product. It naturally generalizes the well-studied low rank matrix completion problem. Such a problem is known to be NP-hard and even hard to approximate assuming the Exponential Time Hypothesis [GG11, RSW16]. Meanwhile, alternating minimization is a good heuristic solution for weighted low rank approximation. In particular, [LLR16] shows that, under mild assumptions, alternating minimization does provide provable guarantees. In this work, we develop an efficient and robust framework for alternating minimization that allows the alternating updates to be computed approximately. For weighted low rank approximation, this improves the cost of each iteration of [LLR16] from $\|W\|_0k^2$ to $\|W\|_0 k$ where $\|W\|_0$ denotes the number of nonzero entries of the weight matrix. At the heart of our framework is a high-accuracy multiple response regression solver together with a robust analysis of alternating minimization. We also replace the random initialization of [LLR16], whose claimed guarantee fails, by subspace iteration from a Gaussian start, so our total running time of $\widetilde O((\|W\|_0 k+nk^3)\log(1/ε))$ includes the initialization. In exchange, our guarantee needs the weight matrix to be within spectral distance $γn$ of the all-ones matrix for a $γ$ that is polynomially small in $n$.

cs.LG · math.OC

版本更新 · v4arXiv:2302.11068

Low Rank Matrix Completion via Robust Alternating Minimization in Nearly Linear Time

Yuzhou Gu, Zhao Song, Junze Yin, Lichen Zhang

原文摘要

Given a matrix $M\in \mathbb{R}^{m\times n}$, the low rank matrix completion problem asks us to find a rank-$k$ approximation of $M$ as $UV^\top$ for $U\in \mathbb{R}^{m\times k}$ and $V\in \mathbb{R}^{n\times k}$ by only observing a few entries specified by a set of entries $Ω\subseteq [m]\times [n]$. In particular, we examine an approach that is widely used in practice -- the alternating minimization framework. Jain, Netrapalli, and Sanghavi [JNS13] showed that if $M$ has incoherent rows and columns, then alternating minimization provably recovers the matrix $M$ by observing a nearly linear in $n$ number of entries. While the sample complexity has been subsequently improved [GLZ17], alternating minimization steps are required to be computed exactly. This hinders the development of more efficient algorithms and fails to depict the practical implementation of alternating minimization, where the updates are usually performed approximately in favor of efficiency. In this paper, we take a major step towards a more efficient and error-robust alternating minimization framework. To this end, we develop an analytical framework for alternating minimization that can tolerate a moderate amount of errors caused by approximate updates. Moreover, our algorithm runs in time $\widetilde O(|Ω| k)$, which is nearly linear in the time to verify the solution while preserving the sample complexity. This improves upon all prior known alternating minimization approaches which require $\widetilde O(|Ω| k^2)$ time.

cs.LG · cs.DS · math.OC · stat.ML

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2611.10693

Machine Hearing: Can Audio LLMs Generalize Beyond Human Auditory Perception?

Liwei Liu, Jun Tao, Xingyuan Li, Xuenan Xu, Chen Zhang, Junyi Wang, Boya Zhang, Xiaoyu Yang 等 11 位作者

原文摘要

Multimodal LLMs have made remarkable progress in perceiving the physical world, while their perceptual scope remains largely human-centric, focusing on what humans can directly see or hear. This progress raises the prospect of perception beyond human limits, such as extending hearing to sounds that are inaudible to humans. More broadly, the physical world is full of waves, vibrations, and oscillations, only a small fraction of which are directly audible to humans. This invites the extension of multimodal LLMs toward a broader form of machine hearing, which remains largely underexplored. To investigate this direction, we introduce the Machine Hearing Benchmark (MHB), comprising 6,128 instances across 13 tasks and seven domains. MHB spans highly heterogeneous input regimes, with sampling rates from approximately $10^{-5}$ to $10^6$ Hz, sequence lengths from $10^1$ to $10^6$ samples, and both single- and multi-channel inputs. Evaluations of current open-source and proprietary Audio LLMs (ALLMs) reveal limited zero-shot transfer to machine hearing. Supervised adaptation on machine-hearing data alone does not close this gap, suggesting that the challenge extends beyond data exposure to a systematic mismatch between existing audio front ends and machine-hearing inputs. To address this mismatch, we introduce MachEar, a lightweight encoder extension that complements the pretrained Audio LLM for machine-hearing inputs. The results show that MachEar equips a pretrained Audio LLM with stronger machine-hearing capabilities while largely preserving its existing audio understanding performance.

cs.SD · cs.CL

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2509.16915

Differential Privacy for Euclidean Jordan Algebra with Applications to Private Symmetric Cone Programming

Zhao Song, Jianfei Xue, Lichen Zhang

原文摘要

In this paper, we study differentially private mechanisms for functions whose outputs lie in a Euclidean Jordan algebra. Euclidean Jordan algebras capture many important mathematical structures and form the foundation of linear programming, second-order cone programming, and semidefinite programming. Our main contribution is a generic Gaussian mechanism for such functions, with sensitivity measured in $\ell_2$, $\ell_1$, and $\ell_\infty$ norms. Notably, this framework includes the important case where the function outputs are symmetric matrices, and sensitivity is measured in the Frobenius, nuclear, or spectral norm. We further derive private algorithms for solving symmetric cone programs under various settings, using a combination of the multiplicative weights update method and our generic Gaussian mechanism. As an application, we present differentially private algorithms for semidefinite programming, resolving a major open question posed by [Hsu, Roth, Roughgarden, and Ullman, ICALP 2014].

math.OC · cs.CR · cs.DS · cs.LG

版本更新 · v4arXiv:2602.16681

VETime: Vision Enhanced Zero-Shot Time Series Anomaly Detection

Yingyuan Yang, Tian Lan, Yifei Gao, Yimeng Lu, Xuming An, Wenjun He, Meng Wang, Chenghao Liu 等 9 位作者

原文摘要

Time-series anomaly detection (TSAD) requires identifying both immediate Point Anomalies and long-range Context Anomalies. However, existing foundation models face a fundamental trade-off: 1D temporal models provide fine-grained pointwise localization but lack a global contextual perspective, while 2D vision-based models capture global patterns but suffer from information bottlenecks due to a lack of temporal alignment and coarse-grained pointwise detection. To resolve this dilemma, we propose VETime, the first TSAD framework that unifies temporal and visual modalities through fine-grained visual-temporal alignment and dynamic fusion. VETime introduces a Reversible Image Conversion and a Patch-Level Temporal Alignment module to establish a shared visual-temporal timeline, preserving discriminative details while maintaining temporal sensitivity. Furthermore, we design an Anomaly Window Contrastive Learning mechanism and a Task-Adaptive Multi-Modal Fusion to adaptively integrate the complementary perceptual strengths of both modalities. Extensive experiments demonstrate that VETime significantly outperforms state-of-the-art models in zero-shot scenarios, achieving superior localization precision with lower computational overhead than current vision-based approaches. Code available at: https://github.com/yyyangcoder/VETime .

cs.CV

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2608.06931

Science Edge Evaluation: SEE the Missing Step Toward Real Scientific Discovery

Taolin Han, Yuchen Zhang, Jinghang Wang, Yun Wu, Wai Yuet Chiu, Zhaohai Li, Yifei Zhang, Jinxin Wang 等 25 位作者

原文摘要

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly involved in scientific discovery, yet it remains unclear whether they can support complex real laboratory science. Here we introduce Science Edge Evaluation (SEE), a multimodal benchmark of expert-curated questions grounded in peer-reviewed literature and experimental practice in chemistry, biology, and materials science. Evaluation of 28 multimodal large language models (MLLMs) shows that even the best-performing model reaches only 54.9% accuracy. Moreover, general-purpose models outperform science-specialized models on average. In the visual-agent evaluation, the use of tools increases the best accuracy to 56.1%. Tool use can expand the information available to models, but more information does not necessarily lead to reliable scientific reasoning. The key challenge is whether models can manage tool-derived information within the boundaries of the original experimental evidence. Together, these findings reveal that current MLLMs still cannot reliably make justified and evidence-bounded inferences from experimental results, which is an essential capability in real scientific discovery. Bridging this gap requires MLLMs to transition from explaining established scientific concepts to deriving novel and evidence-based insights from experimental data.

cs.AI

版本更新 · v6arXiv:2509.21190

Towards Foundation Models for Zero-Shot Time Series Anomaly Detection: Leveraging Synthetic Data and Relative Context Discrepancy

Tian Lan, Hao Duong Le, Jinbo Li, Wenjun He, Meng Wang, Chenghao Liu, Chen Zhang

原文摘要

Time series anomaly detection (TSAD) is a critical task, but developing models that generalize to unseen data in a zero-shot manner remains challenging. Existing foundation models for TSAD often rely on reconstruction-error scoring at inference time, which can miss subtle anomalies that are well reconstructed and can falsely flag complex but normal patterns in unseen domains. We introduce TimeRCD, a foundation model for TSAD built on Relative Context Discrepancy (RCD), a pre-training paradigm that trains the model to detect anomalies by comparing a query pattern with its surrounding context. This relational formulation, implemented with a standard Transformer architecture, enables the model to infer normality from the input context rather than relying on fixed global normal patterns. We further construct a large-scale synthetic corpus with context-dependent anomaly labels to provide supervised pre-training signals for RCD. Experiments across diverse benchmarks show that TimeRCD outperforms existing general-purpose and anomaly-specific foundation models in most zero-shot TSAD settings, while remaining competitive with dataset-specific full-shot baselines. These results provide empirical evidence that RCD is an effective direction for building robust and generalizable TSAD models.

cs.LG · cs.AI

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.11510

Reaching Is Not Finding: Map-Anchored Visual Prompting for the Last Mile of Aerial Vision-Language Navigation

Ningbo Li, Kebin Liu, Jingcan Chen, Weichen Zhang, Rong Ding, Yunhao Liu, Mo Li

原文摘要

Aerial vision-language navigation (VLN) asks a drone to find an object described in natural language. The description usually locates the object relative to named landmarks, such as streets and buildings. We observe that current navigators often bring the drone close to the target and then stop at the wrong place: they reach the target without finding it. This gap is shared by navigators of very different designs, from imitation learners to a fine-tuned 7B vision-language model. A simple test reveals the cause. When we replace the target object in the instruction with another one next to the same landmarks, no navigator goes to it, and most stop where they did before. Navigators learn to reach the landmarks, not to identify the described object. We therefore propose MAP-VP, a plug-and-play module for the last step. After any navigator stops, MAP-VP draws the landmarks named in the instruction onto the drone's current view, using the landmark outlines that the benchmark provides on a map. A fine-tuned 4B vision-language model then locates the target relative to these landmarks. The training data are generated automatically from the benchmark annotations. Neither drawing the landmarks nor fine-tuning helps much alone, but together they are highly effective. Without retraining any navigator, MAP-VP significantly improves all six navigators we test on CityNav. It roughly doubles the success rate of the two strongest trained navigators, raising HETT from 25.9% to 54.6% and FlightGPT from 24.2% to 48.9%, whereas CityNav's official detector-based last step adds less than two points to HETT.

cs.CV

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2608.26552

Hadamard Flattening and Gaussian Pooling Sketch for Least Squares with Coordinate-wise Guarantee

Zhao Song, Lichen Zhang

原文摘要

Randomized sketch-and-solve algorithms accelerate overconstrained $\ell_2$ regression by replacing the input with a much smaller, randomly projected problem. While standard subspace embeddings nearly preserve the regression cost, coordinate-wise accuracy is more delicate: rather than the objective value, we want the solution vector itself to be close to the optimum in $\ell_\infty$ norm. Specifically, we seek $x'\in\mathbb{R}^d$ with $\|x'-x^\star\|_\infty\leq\fracε{\sqrt d}\|Ax^\star-b\|_2\|A^\dagger\|_{\mathrm{op}}$, where $A\in\mathbb{R}^{n\times d}$ is the design matrix, $b\in\mathbb{R}^n$ the label vector, $x^\star$ the optimal solution and $A^\dagger$ the pseudo-inverse of $A$. Price, Song and Woodruff introduced this problem and claimed that the subsampled randomized Hadamard transform (SRHT) with $O(ε^{-2}d^{1+Θ(\sqrt{\log\log n/\log d})})$ rows achieves this guarantee; we point out a gap in the proof. Song, Ye, Yin and Zhang later claimed $O(ε^{-2}d\log^3 n)$ rows, but their proof relies on an independence assumption that does not hold in general, and we exhibit an explicit instance on which it fails. To achieve a truly nearly-linear-in-$d$ row count, we introduce a new fast, dense randomized transform combining a randomized Hadamard flattening, a random permutation, and balanced, disjoint Gaussian pooling. Conditioned on the Hadamard-and-permutation stage, the sketched problem becomes an exact Gaussian regression whose noise is independent of the entire sketched design, exactly what Song, Ye, Yin and Zhang's argument was missing. Our sketch yields the $\ell_\infty$ guarantee with $m=O(ε^{-2}d\log d)$ rows, using one Hadamard pass with padded internal dimension $N=\widetilde{O}(n+ε^{-2}d^3)$. It is also efficient to apply: $(SA,Sb)$ can be computed in $O(Nd\log N)=\widetilde{O}(nd+ε^{-2}d^4)$ time.

cs.DS · cs.LG · stat.ML

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2509.16801

Sublinear Time Quantum Sensitivity Sampling

Zhao Song, David P. Woodruff, Lichen Zhang

原文摘要

We present a unified quantum sensitivity sampling framework that streamlines coreset construction for many classical approximation problems, significantly speeding up clustering, regression, and low-rank approximation. We assume $n,d\geq\mathrm{poly}(k/ε)$ and, for regression, $n\geq\mathrm{poly}(d)$: - $k$-median/$k$-means: For $n$ points in $\mathbb{R}^d$, we build an $ε$-coreset of input points of size $\tilde O(k^{4/3}ε^{-2})$ (resp. $\tilde O(k^{3/2}ε^{-2})$) in time $\tilde O(ε^{-1}n^{0.5}dk^{1.67})$ (resp. $\tilde O(ε^{-1}n^{0.5}dk^{1.75})$). Our better $d$- and linear $1/ε$-dependence improve on [Xue, Chen, Li and Jiang, ICML'23] for $d\geqΩ(k^{7/3})$ (resp. $Ω(k^{2.5})$). - $\ell_p$ regression: For $\min_x\|Ax-b\|_p$, $A\in\mathbb{R}^{n\times d}$, we build an $ε$-coreset of size $\tilde O_p(d^{\max\{1,p/2\}}ε^{-2})$ in time $\tilde O_p(n^{0.5}d^{1.5}ε^{-1})$ for $p\leq 2$ and $\tilde O_p(n^{0.5}d^{p/4+1}(ε^{-1}+d^{0.5}))$ for $p>2$, matching [Liu and Ji, ICML'26] for $p\leq 2$ and improving on the prior best quantum sampling approach [Apers and Gribling, SICOMP'26] for all $p>2$. - Low-rank approximation: We give the first quantum sublinear-time algorithm for Frobenius-norm rank-$k$ approximation of $A\in\mathbb{R}^{d\times n}$ free of data-dependent parameters, running in $\tilde O(n^{0.5}dk^{0.5}ε^{-0.5})$ time with factored output (plus $\tilde O(nk^2ε^{-2})$ to materialize them). We also give sublinear algorithms for kernel and tensor variants. - Lower bound: For generic sensitivity sampling with total sensitivity $S$, any quantum algorithm outputting an $ε$-coreset of size $o(\sqrt{nS})$ needs $Ω(\sqrt{nS})$ queries, so our query complexity is optimal up to $\mathrm{poly}(ε^{-1},\log n)$ and VC-dimension factors.

cs.DS · cs.LG · quant-ph

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.10632

Latent-WAM++: Shaping World and Action Representations for End-to-End Autonomous Driving

Yichen Zhang, Yupeng Zheng, Linbo Wang, Pengxuan Yang, Zebin Xing, Junli Wang, Shiwei Li, Kangwei Liu 等 13 位作者

原文摘要

We introduce Latent-WAM++, a representation-centered World Action Model (WAM) for end-to-end autonomous driving. Existing WAMs are primarily trained to predict future states or final actions, leaving the intermediate world and action representations that connect prediction to planning only indirectly constrained. Latent-WAM++ matches the supervision of each representation to its role in planning. World Representation Construction combines scene-ego future prediction, SIGReg-based distribution stabilization, and frozen geometric priors to learn a temporally predictive, non-degenerate, and geometry-aware world representation without an EMA target encoder. Trajectory MeanFlow Planner directly predicts multimodal trajectory proposals while being optimized with an Improved MeanFlow velocity-space objective, enabling one-step sampling. Visual-Action Representation Alignment further aligns the resulting pre-output action features with a stop-gradient target derived from current visual semantics. Latent-WAM++ achieves state-of-the-art performance on NAVSIM v2 and under zero-shot evaluation on HUGSIM, reaching 90.1 EPDMS on NAVSIM v2 and 47.0 average RC and 30.1 average HD-Score on HUGSIM. Training the planner end to end costs 190 GPU-hours for Latent-WAM++ versus 1,600 for Latent-WAM, a reduction of 88.1%.

cs.CV

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2610.41191

When AI Investigators Cannot Trust Their Tools: Conflict-Aware Evidence Verification for Cyber Threat Investigation

Yuchen Zhang

原文摘要

LLM agents increasingly triage security alerts by combining the outputs of several detection tools, implicitly treating those tools as trustworthy. Unlike prior work on conflicts between a model's knowledge and its context, we study conflicts among the tools themselves: what happens when this machine-generated evidence is conflicting or wrong. On the corrected CIC-IDS2017 dataset, four heterogeneous detectors emit labels and confidences that we corrupt under a threat model varying the number of corrupted tools, the persistence of the corruption, and the confidence attached to wrong outputs. Across open-weight LLMs from 3B to 14B parameters, unverified investigators are fragile: one corrupted detector out of four lowers naive accuracy to .50-.72, three lower every unverified investigator to .13 or less, and honest disagreement alone makes them abstain on up to 63% of flows. We propose Conflict-Aware Evidence Verification (CAV), built from established components: an equal-weight vote that ignores reported confidences, an evidence-conflict gate, and an independent nearest-neighbour trust check that tests the leading candidates. With its prompt frozen before testing, CAV-LLM improves on the naive investigator in every corrupted condition ($p < 0.001$), reaching .84-.88 with three corrupted detectors against at most .08, while calling the LLM on 0.4% of clean traffic. A fixed verification rule is as accurate or better unless most tools are corrupted. When we make the independent channel itself noisy, CAV inherits its errors: it stays ahead when two or more tools are corrupted, but adding the channel as an extra voter is better when at most one is. Verification thus moves trust from the tools to the check, which must be measured and protected in turn.

cs.CR · cs.LG

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2510.18413

Adamas: Hadamard Sparse Attention for Efficient Long-Context Inference

Siyuan Yan, Guo-Qing Jiang, Yuchen Zhang, Xiaoxing Ma, Ran Zhu, Chun Cao, Jingwei Xu

原文摘要

Large language models (LLMs) now support context windows of hundreds of thousands to millions of tokens, enabling applications such as long-document summarization, large-scale code synthesis, multi-document question answering and persistent multi-turn dialogue. However, such extended contexts exacerbate the quadratic cost of self-attention, leading to severe latency in autoregressive decoding. Existing sparse attention methods reduce these costs by attending to only a subset of key-value (KV) tokens, but fixed or coarse-grained selection strategies can miss important tokens or retain substantial redundancy under constrained token budgets. We introduce \textbf{Adamas}, an accurate and efficient token-level sparse attention mechanism for long-context inference. Adamas applies the Hadamard transform, bucketization and 2-bit compression to produce compact representations, and uses lightweight distance-based estimation for efficient top-$k$ candidate selection. The selected positions are then used to gather the corresponding original KV states for sparse attention. Comprehensive evaluations show that Adamas maintains near-lossless performance within the effective context length of Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct. In efficiency evaluations, Adamas achieves up to $6.5\times$ self-attention speedup and $1.7\times$ end-to-end decoding speedup at a 32K context length. Adamas also maintains performance comparable to full attention on challenging long-form reasoning benchmarks, including AIME 2024 and AIME 2025.

cs.CL

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2606.30015

参数化技能

Parametric Skills

Xuan Zhao, Haonan He, Qingyu Yang, Minglei Li, Zelin Tan, Bo Wan, Jingqi Ye, Chen Zhang 等 10 位作者

AI 速读 基于摘要

提出 ParametricSkills 框架,在测试时将文本技能转化为 LoRA 适配器,实现无需占用上下文的技能全生命周期管理。

cs.CL

查看原文摘要

For LLMs, skills are textual recipes encoding mature problem-solving experience. Despite widespread deployment, their utility is limited by the model's ability to comprehend and follow skill instructions. To address this limitation, we propose ParametricSkills, a framework that parameterizes textual skills at test time, enabling context-free management of the full skill lifecycle. Specifically, we first construct a large-scale and high-quality skill collection, and then synthesize single-turn and multi-turn skill-exploitation trajectories. Using this data, we then train a hypernetwork that parameterizes both the content and the exploitation methodologies of skills by converting textual skills into LoRA adapters. To facilitate the real-world application of our framework, we further align the hypernetwork on complex, long-horizon trajectories collected with OpenCode, enabling the models to operate reliably in realistic interactive workflows with ParametricSkills. Across evaluations, ParametricSkills effectively parameterizes skills, yielding substantial gains in task completion. More notably, as parametric skills accumulate as adapters rather than crowding the context, they open a preliminary but promising path toward continual learning at test time.

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2610.31166

Memory before Goal: Role of Pre-History Memory for Humanoid Loco-Manipulation

Chenyuan Chen, Ran Ding, Lechen Zhang, Zewen He, Yoshihiko Nakamura

原文摘要

Humanoid loco-manipulation in dynamic scenes is non-Markovian: cues vanish as objects change or are hidden, or leave the view as the robot turns and walks, yet whole-body vision-language-action (VLA) policies see only the present. We present WholeBodyMem, an object-guided perceptual memory that keeps the pre-history of object events seen before the robot acts on its goal. SAM3 tracks the task objects, and their events causally select key frames within an adaptive budget, which the action expert reads by cross-attention together with object tokens encoding appearance, geometry and time. We also contribute HuMeGo, a humanoid memory benchmark with six simulated and six real-world Unitree G1 tasks. Keeping the right frames rather than more frames, WholeBodyMem surpasses memoryless and uniform-memory baselines, raising its base policy's success from 29.1% to 72.6% in simulation and from 36.7% to 88.3% on the real robot, while also improving the standard SIMPLE tasks (70.2% to 86.9%).

cs.RO · cs.CV · cs.LG

版本更新 · v3arXiv:2605.20342

ParaVT: Taming the Tool Prior Paradox for Parallel Tool Use in Agentic Video Reinforcement Learning

Zuhao Yang, Kaichen Zhang, Sudong Wang, Keming Wu, Zhongyu Yang, Bo Li, Xiaojuan Qi, Shijian Lu 等 10 位作者

原文摘要

Training large multimodal models (LMMs) via reinforcement learning (RL) to natively invoke video-processing tools (e.g., cropping) has become a promising route to long-video understanding. However, most existing agentic Video-LMMs dispatch tool calls sequentially (i.e., one per turn). Sequential tool calling can propagate localization errors, accumulate irrelevant context, and require an additional main-model generation for each successive crop. We introduce ParaVT, a multi-agent RL framework for Parallel Video Tool calling, dispatching multiple time-window crops in a single turn, allowing evidence from multiple temporal windows to be examined concurrently. Yet applying standard Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) to ParaVT reveals an obstacle we term the Tool Prior Paradox: inherited tool-use priors appear to support exploration while competing with the output format learned during supervised fine-tuning. Standard RL can also settle on tool skipping. A comparison with a model with weaker tool-use priors shows stable formatting but no tool calls during RL, consistent with a trade-off between format stability and tool exploration. We propose PARA-GRPO (Parseability-Anchored and Ratio-gAted GRPO), which augments standard RL with two complementary mechanisms: (i) a format reward that encourages tag closure and penalizes unclosed reasoning blocks, and (ii) a per-prompt randomization of the overview-frame budget to create a reward advantage for tool use when the overview provides insufficient evidence. Across six long-video understanding benchmarks, ParaVT improves over the Qwen3-VL baseline by +7.9% on average, with PARA-GRPO raising training-time format reward from 0.13 to a peak of 0.64. These findings highlight the need to account for inherited tool-use priors when designing RL methods for long-video understanding.

cs.CV

版本更新 · v4arXiv:2606.00537

PACE: Phase-Aware Chunk Execution for Robot Policies with Action Chunking

Junnan Nie, Jiayi Li, Chenghao Liu, Junyi Lao, Jiachen Zhang, Tianle Zhang, Songfang Huang

原文摘要

Action-chunking robot policies predict sequences of future actions, but deployment requires choosing how many actions to execute before replanning. The execution horizon trades off feedback frequency against motion continuity. However, success varies non-monotonically with the execution horizon, and the best-performing horizon differs across tasks. These effects make a single fixed horizon unreliable as a default execution strategy across tasks. We propose PACE (Phase-Aware Chunk Execution), a training-free method that selects execution horizons online from predicted action chunks. PACE uses prominent low-speed valleys in the predicted speed profile as candidate replanning boundaries, exploiting the phase-dependent kinematics of manipulation trajectories. By default, PACE calibrates the valley threshold from each task's existing training demonstrations, without task-specific fixed-horizon tuning. On the 50-task RoboTwin2.0 benchmark, PACE improves average success from 57.8% to 64.2% over the strongest fixed-horizon baseline and outperforms the adaptive execution baselines AAC and AutoHorizon. With GR00T N1.7 on LIBERO, PACE achieves the highest overall success rate among the evaluated strategies, supporting its applicability across base policies, benchmarks, and action representations. On real robots, PACE improves the average task score from 60.7 to 77.7 and success rate from 50.7% to 70.4% over full-chunk execution. Code is available at https://niejunnan25.github.io/pace-project/.

cs.RO

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.04421

Typological Feature Induction as a Benchmark for Inductive Metalinguistic Reasoning

Chen Zhang, Seth Aycock, Yusuke Miyao

原文摘要

Existing metalinguistic reasoning benchmarks require both inference of rules and their application, making failures hard to diagnose. We introduce typological feature induction (TFI) which targets the former step. Given sentences in an unnamed language paired with translations in a known pivot language, models must predict a typological feature of the unnamed language. From Grambank and multi-parallel corpora, we automatically build evaluation questions over 195 languages. We find that LLMs identify 59--80% of these languages from only 16 sentence pairs; and misaligning the translations barely affects their accuracy, suggesting reliance on prior knowledge of the language. Enciphering text to prevent recognition increases the corpus' utility, but mainly for features where target and pivot languages agree. On languages which models cannot identify, neither open model outperforms a majority-value baseline. Since induction from raw text aligns with field linguists' use-case, this work indicates the models tested are not yet ready for this role. TFI offers a scalable path to track progress in this direction.

cs.CL

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.04158

On the Feature Evolution of Temporal Difference Learning

Shangzhe Li, Dechen Zhang, Difan Zou, Weitong Zhang

原文摘要

Temporal-difference (TD) learning trains neural representations using bootstrapped targets generated by evolving value estimates, yet how predictive features emerge and propagate under incomplete neural updates remains poorly understood. We investigate this problem using finite-width two-layer ReLU critics on a constructed family of smooth stochastic horizon-$H$ MDPs with unknown quadratic structure and $d$-dimensional observations. We first show that an informative TD update acquires the quadratic Bellman signal and yields a representation admitting a bounded predictive readout. The simultaneous hidden-weight and head update achieves a strict finite-sample prediction-risk improvement over matched head-only SGD, with a $2(d+1)$-fold larger population quadratic response. We then establish that an imperfect learned continuation can already provide informative supervision to an earlier zero-reward stage. By tracking coupled neural updates with one SGD step per target copy, without requiring intermediate Bellman regressions to be solved, we obtain a uniform prediction-error transient $\exp[-Ω(K/(Hd))]$, up to action-independent shifts and explicit sampling and finite-width errors. On the constructed signed-action MDP family whose total reward is bounded by 1, we show that an exploration-then-commit algorithm can achieve $\widetilde{O}(d^3H^{1/3}T^{2/3})$ regret over $T$ episodes, using $K=\widetilde{O}(Hd)$ global updates. Our analysis connects bootstrapped feature acquisition, concurrent neural refinement, and finite-budget policy performance.

cs.LG

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.03634

WebHarbor: Docking Real Websites for Evolving GUI Agent Environments

Zhaoyang Wang, Qianhui Wu, Boyu Gou, Demi Wang, Jiacheng Zhang, Peichun Hua, Qize Li, Shi Qiu 等 57 位作者

原文摘要

GUI web agents require realistic and interactive environments that remain stable during both evaluation and training. Live website evaluation suffers from changing content, access restrictions, and limited coverage of authenticated workflows, while existing synthetic environments for training often lack functional depth and visual fidelity. We propose WebHarbor, a suite of 153 executable and dockerized website environments that faithfully reconstruct the visual interfaces, content, and functional workflows of real-world web services under deterministic control. We build WebHarbor through task-driven human-agent collaboration, where environments evolve as new tasks expand their functional scope, coding agents implement the required changes, and human contributors audit visual fidelity, functional correctness, and task validity. The resulting suite comprises 3,518 tasks spanning multi-step and post-authentication workflows, where existing works often fail to cover. Beyond reliable evaluation, WebHarbor provides high-fidelity synthetic web environments for cost-efficient reinforcement learning (RL). We demonstrate that a Qwen 4B-level GUI agent trained with RL in WebHarbor generalizes to unseen tasks and performs competitively with leading open-source GUI web agents across four benchmarks. The code and data are publicly available at https://github.com/aiming-lab/WebHarbor.

cs.AI · cs.CL · cs.LG

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.02338

MemShift: Separating Detection from Repair in LLM-Derived Personal Memory

Zichuan Xu, Haochen Zhang, Yuyang Dong, Makoto Onizuka, Chuan Xiao

原文摘要

AI assistants store values that a language model derived from a person's records under the person's own definitions, such as their important contacts. Keeping such a value correct takes two steps: detection, noticing that an input changed, and repair, producing the correct new value. Benchmarks that score only the final answer cannot tell which step failed, and they state every change as new text. Seeing this limitation, we present MemShift, a benchmark of five shifts: source revision, deletion, redefinition, writer switch, and export. The first three fork a synthetic world into branches that differ only in the shift. Gold values and dependencies are fixed before any text, and a deterministic scorer replaces an LLM judge. For a memory that reports its invalidations, MemShift shows for each changed item whether the memory noticed the change and whether its repair was right. Moreover, we build a reference memory with known detection and repair to validate the measure. By evaluating four open-weight LLMs, we find that detection helps only as much as repair allows: the LLMs re-derive few values computed by the person's definitions correctly, and programs that the LLM writes over typed records close most of the gap to exact recomputation. Code and data are available at https://github.com/zichuanxu/memshift.

cs.CL · cs.AI · cs.LG

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.03723

EMBERS: Empirically Motivated Robustness Testing of Deep Research Systems via Defect-Guided Fuzzing

Shuochuan Li, Zan Wang, Dong Wang, Yuhang Jiang, Huajin Cui, Chen Zhang, Gang Wang, Junjie Chen

原文摘要

Deep Research (DR) systems extend large language models into autonomous agents that decompose complex information needs, iteratively search the web, and synthesize evidence to answer challenging questions. However, their multi-stage execution may introduce robustness risks, as variations in user questions or intermediate search inputs may propagate across research stages and lead to incorrect answers. Existing evaluations focus on task-solving capabilities or robustness against external evidence disturbances, leaving intrinsic weaknesses in DR execution insufficiently explored. Thus, we conduct an empirical study of 1,932 execution trajectories from three representative DR systems and identify nine recurring defect categories across subquestion formulation, online search, and final reasoning. Guided by these findings, we propose EMBERS, an empirically motivated, defect-guided fuzzing framework for robustness testing of DR systems. Starting from correctly answered seed questions, EMBERS generates stage-targeted test inputs using defect-guided mutation, web-search-assisted fidelity assurance, and diversity-aware seed maintenance. Experiments across 16 framework--model--dataset settings show that EMBERS achieves 3.21 times the failure-discovery throughput of the strongest baseline under identical testing budgets. Human and LLM-assisted evaluations demonstrate that most generated inputs preserve the original information need and necessary contextual constraints. Moreover, model fine-tuning experiments show consistent-answer performance improvement, highlighting their value for robustness testing and model improvement.

cs.AI · cs.LG

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2512.23077

基于视觉语言模型的肌肉骨骼控制奖励的具身学习

Embodied Learning of Reward for Musculoskeletal Control with Vision Language Models

Saraswati Soedarmadji, Yunyue Wei, Chen Zhang, Yisong Yue, Yanan Sui

AI 速读 基于摘要

提出 MoVLR 框架,利用视觉语言模型迭代探索奖励空间,为高维肌肉骨骼系统的运动控制发现和精炼奖励函数。

cs.RO

查看原文摘要

Discovering effective reward functions remains a fundamental challenge in motor control of high-dimensional musculoskeletal systems. While humans can describe movement goals explicitly such as "walking forward with an upright posture," the underlying control strategies that realize these goals are largely implicit, making it difficult to directly design rewards from high-level goals and natural language descriptions. We introduce Motion from Vision-Language Representation (MoVLR), a framework that leverages vision-language models (VLMs) to bridge the gap between goal specification and movement control. Rather than relying on handcrafted rewards, MoVLR iteratively explores the reward space through iterative interaction between control optimization and VLM feedback, aligning control policies with physically coordinated behaviors. Our approach transforms language and vision-based assessments into structured guidance for embodied learning, enabling the discovery and refinement of reward functions for high-dimensional musculoskeletal locomotion and manipulation. These results suggest that VLMs can effectively ground abstract motion descriptions in the implicit principles governing physiological motor control.

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2511.06836

NeuroBridge: Bio-Inspired Self-Supervised EEG-to-Image Decoding via Cognitive Priors and Bidirectional Semantic Alignment

Wenjiang Zhang, Sifeng Wang, Yuwei Su, Xinyu Li, Chen Zhang, Suyu Zhong

原文摘要

Visual neural decoding seeks to reconstruct or infer perceived visual stimuli from brain activity patterns, providing critical insights into human cognition and enabling transformative applications in brain-computer interfaces and artificial intelligence. Current approaches, however, remain constrained by the scarcity of high-quality stimulus-brain response pairs and the inherent semantic mismatch between neural representations and visual content. Inspired by perceptual variability and co-adaptive strategy of the biological systems, we propose a novel self-supervised architecture, named NeuroBridge, which integrates Cognitive Prior Augmentation (CPA) with Shared Semantic Projector (SSP) to promote effective cross-modality alignment. Specifically, CPA simulates perceptual variability by applying asymmetric, modality-specific transformations to both EEG signals and images, enhancing semantic diversity. Unlike previous approaches, SSP establishes a bidirectional alignment process through a co-adaptive strategy, which mutually aligns features from two modalities into a shared semantic space for effective cross-modal learning. NeuroBridge surpasses previous state-of-the-art methods under both intra-subject and inter-subject settings. In the intra-subject scenario, it achieves the improvements of 12.3% in top-1 accuracy and 10.2% in top-5 accuracy, reaching 63.2% and 89.9% respectively on a 200-way zero-shot retrieval task. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness, robustness, and scalability of the proposed framework for neural visual decoding.

cs.CV · cs.AI

新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.39639

Where Do Vision Language Models Fail at 3D Reasoning?

Khai Le-Duc, Nguyen Kim Hai Bui, An Ngo, Nam D. Hoang, Yueqi Song, Jiarui Liu, Thai Quoc Hoang, Fang Wu 等 14 位作者

原文摘要

Vision-language models can get individual judgments right while struggling to recover and consistently use the exact properties of a 3D object. To characterize this gap, we introduce BedBench, a controlled benchmark of thirteen procedurally generated tasks spanning individual judgments and composite answers. Across twelve open-weight and four frontier models, per-color counting exposes a pronounced weakness: humans achieve 93.3% accuracy, compared with 7.2% for the best model. Targeted fine-tuning raises one model's accuracy from 3.0% to 68.6%, but reveals a further difficulty: its answers about the most common colors remain inconsistent with its own per-color counts. Supplying those counts as text improves its judgments, showing that recovering a property does not mean using it consistently. Reasoning, scaling, and added visual cues each improve individual judgments, but none makes exact answers reliable. To locate the difficulty, we probe Qwen3.5-27B: exact per-color counts remain recoverable at the language model's input, yet the model's answers rarely recover them (65.0% for the probe vs. 3.0% for the model). Image-removal controls further show that some apparent successes require no visual evidence. These findings motivate evaluating 3D reasoning by exact correctness, consistent use, and image dependence, rather than accuracy alone. Code and dataset are publicly available: https://github.com/leduckhai/BedBench

cs.CV · cs.AI

新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.39617

UniTele: Learning Device-Conditioned Degradations for Unified Smartphone Telephoto Super-Resolution

Yuchen Zhang, Aojie Li, Wei Cheng, Xianfang Zeng, Runxing Liu, haixin hao, Gang YU, Xiaoyun Yuan

原文摘要

Super-telephoto imaging on mobile phones suffers from complex, device-dependent degradations that are poorly captured by conventional handcrafted pipelines. Collecting large-scale aligned training pairs across different phones and diverse scenes, however, is both costly and difficult to scale. We therefore study whether device-specific degradations can be learned from only a small number of physical captures and transferred for training a unified super-resolution (SR) model. Our key idea is to factor degradation learning into two learnable components: one captures the device-specific imaging characteristics under well-resolved conditions, while the other captures the additional information loss and artifacts that arise in super-telephoto imaging. We build a paired benchmark across three phone brands (Huawei, Apple, and vivo) by photographing the same content at two display sizes and zoom settings. The larger displayed image is captured at the phone's maximum optical zoom setting, while the smaller image is photographed directly at the phone's highest native zoom setting through the phone's native imaging pipeline. The benchmark contains 519 training and 60 held-out pairs. We use the benchmark to learn device-specific degradation, then apply it to external images to synthesize thousands of additional pairs to train our UniTele SR model. Relative to the pretrained Qwen and FLUX backbones before adaptation, the full UniTele training recipe substantially improves paired restoration fidelity and perceptual similarity on the held-out benchmark and yields markedly more stable and visually faithful restorations.

cs.CV

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2606.24033

Block-GTQ: RoPE-Block Rate Allocation for KV-Cache Quantization

Fengfeng Liang, Yuechen Zhang, Jiaya Jia

原文摘要

Larger models and longer contexts make the KV cache a memory and bandwidth bottleneck. We introduce Block-GTQ, a framework that uses the two-dimensional frequency blocks of rotary position embeddings (RoPE) to allocate cached-key precision. A blockwise logit-error bound motivates a label-free query-key energy score, which we combine with codec-dependent rate penalties. Under equal-cost budgets and diminishing marginal gains, largest-marginal-gain allocation exactly minimizes the separable integer proxy. We instantiate Block-GTQ with TurboQuant-MSE (TQ-MSE), grouping equal-rate blocks to support attention over packed caches without materializing a decoded fp16 KV cache. Across ten model configurations, K-only diagnostics reduce layer-averaged logit mean absolute error by about 32-80% relative to uniform TQ-MSE, improving all 367 layers at both 2- and 3-bit average logical key rates. At K2V2 (2 average logical bits per K/V coordinate) on Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct, Block-GTQ raises the six-task needle-in-a-haystack (NIAH) average from 70.6 to 97.4 and LongBench-EN from 33.7 to 44.9; K2V2 gains also hold on the tested 32B and 70B models. On DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-7B at K3V2, without fp16 sink or recent-token buffers, it achieves 49.6/38.8% avg@8 on AIME 2024/2025 versus fp16's 54.2/37.9%, where uniform TQ-MSE scores zero on both. On Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct, packed K3V3 serving on one H800 reduces resident KV footprint by a factor of 3.24 and retains perplexity close to fp16 at 128K, while uniform TQ-MSE degrades severely.

cs.LG · cs.CL

新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.39212

Event2Reward: Learning Robotic Rewards from Progress Relations

Junnan Nie, Zitian Fan, Jiachen Zhang, Junyi Lao, Likui Zhang, Chenghao Liu, Xiaoyang Lu, Yunbo Wang 等 17 位作者

原文摘要

Learning task progress from robot demonstrations provides a practical way to construct dense shaping rewards for robotic reinforcement learning. A common approach uses normalized demonstration time as progress labels, implicitly assuming monotonically increasing task progress. During policy exploration, however, actual task progress can stall or even regress. Such models may mistake regressions for progress, assigning positive shaping rewards to actions that cause progress loss. Real suboptimal and failed executions offer corrective experience, but assigning absolute progress values to their states is difficult. Our key observation is that stalls, regressions, and recoveries establish local relative progress relations even when absolute progress is unknown. We introduce Event2Reward, which uses normalized temporal labels to anchor the progress scale and these within-trajectory relations to constrain local changes, combining absolute and relative progress supervision. Its progress predictions serve as potentials for reward shaping. We curate an event-annotated dataset from approximately 100K raw real-robot execution records, covering successful, suboptimal, and failed executions, without requiring framewise absolute progress labels. Under the same training budgets, Event2Reward improves average policy success by 18.16 percentage points over a baseline using only sparse task rewards across 40 tasks in four LIBERO suites. On real robots, average success after 30 minutes of wall-clock training reaches 60.0% on three precise insertion tasks and 90.0% on three object manipulation tasks, exceeding the sparse-reward baseline under the same budget by 36.7 and 23.3 percentage points, respectively. Ablation studies further show that absolute progress supervision and relative progress relations are complementary, with joint supervision yielding better downstream policy learning.

cs.RO · cs.LG

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2602.01532

PRISM: Festina Lente Proactivity -- Risk-Sensitive, Uncertainty-Aware Deliberation for Proactive Agents

Yuxuan Fu, Xiaoyu Tan, Teqi Hao, Chen Zhan, Xihe Qiu

原文摘要

Proactive agents must decide not only what to say but also whether and when to intervene. Many current systems rely on brittle heuristics or indiscriminate long reasoning, which offers little control over the benefit-burden tradeoff. We formulate the problem as cost-sensitive selective intervention and present PRISM, a novel framework that couples a decision-theoretic gate with a dual-process reasoning architecture. At inference time, the agent intervenes only when a calibrated probability of user acceptance exceeds a threshold derived from asymmetric costs of missed help and false alarms. Inspired by festina lente (Latin: "make haste slowly"), we gate by an acceptance-calibrated, cost-derived threshold and invoke a resource-intensive Slow mode with counterfactual checks only near the decision boundary, concentrating computation on ambiguous and high-stakes cases. Training uses gate-aligned, schema-locked distillation: a teacher running the full PRISM pipeline provides dense, executable supervision on unlabeled interaction traces, while the student learns a response policy that is explicitly decoupled from the intervention gate to enable tunable and auditable control. On ProactiveBench, PRISM reduces false alarms by 22.78% and improves F1 by 20.14% over strong baselines. These results show that principled decision-theoretic gating, paired with selective slow reasoning and aligned distillation, yields proactive agents that are precise, computationally efficient, and controllable. To facilitate reproducibility, we release our code, models, and resources at https://prism-festinalente.github.io/; all experiments use the open-source ProactiveBench benchmark.

cs.AI · cs.HC