Junyao Shi, Rujia Yang, Kaitian Chao, Selina Bingqing Wan, Yifei Shao, Jiahui Lei, Jianing Qian, Long Le 等 12 位作者
Today's dominant route to generalist robots scales robotics data to train end-to-end policies. We instead use a vision-language model (VLM) as a coding agent that writes robot programs using a curated library of perception, planning, and control tools. MAESTRO's orchestration harness packages multi-step perception and action procedures into callable tools and guides their use through a plan-act-replan loop, using visual and execution feedback to verify outcomes and recover from failures. With this tool library and harness, MAESTRO matches or surpasses state-of-the-art vision-language-action (VLA) models zero-shot in our tabletop comparison and performs diverse mobile manipulation tasks, without collecting new teleoperation data or invoking a VLA tool. Ablations show that expanding the tool library improves average task progress with the full harness, while adding tools without it does not reliably improve progress. Case studies illustrate MAESTRO's potential for autonomous code improvement across trials, faster execution with VLA tools, and automatic robot data generation. We show that expanding robotics tool libraries together with their orchestration harnesses offers a complementary route to general-purpose robots alongside scaling end-to-end robot training data. Project site: https://maestro-robot.github.io. Code: https://github.com/penn-pal-lab/maestro.
Chengbo Yuan, Zicheng Zhang, Mingjie Zhou, Wendi Chen, Yi Wang, Zhuoyang Liu, Dantong Niu, Shuo Wang 等 17 位作者
Despite the success of vision-based generalist robotic policies, existing tactile-based policies remain tied to fixed embodiments and sensor setups. This is because tactile signals are highly heterogeneous across hardware, making cross-sensor generalization difficult. We present FTP-1,the first generalist foundation tactile policy pretrained to acquire transferable tactile manipulation abilities across diverse sensors and embodiments. FTP-1 supports varied tactile inputs, including image-, array-, and state-based signals, by using heterogeneous encoders to project them into unified morphology-aware latent tokens that are jointly modeled by a shared tactile Transformer expert. Pretrained on around 3,000 hours of tactile manipulation data aggregated from 26 data sources, spanning human and robot demonstrations across 21 sensors, FTP-1 learns tactile skills that transfer beyond the sensors seen during pretraining. Across downstream finetuning experiments spanning 5 hardware configurations, FTP-1 improves contact-rich manipulation on seen sensor setups by +17.2% and, surprisingly, transfers to two previously unseen tactile-sensor setups, achieving a +31% gain in success rate. FTP-1 establishes the first unified foundation baseline for tactile manipulation, providing future tactile policies with a shared model-level starting point. Pretrained models, datasets, training code and more visualization at https://ftp1-policy.github.io.