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arXiv 最近完成扫描:2026-11-15 08:47 · 全站最近入库:2026-11-14 15:09各信源进度 →

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版本更新 · v2arXiv:2607.01520

The risk of KV cache compression

Lukas Haverbeck, Carmen Amo Alonso, Andres Felipe Posada-Moreno, Sebastian Trimpe, Marco Pavone

原文摘要

Transformer inference on long sequences is expensive because softmax attention repeatedly reads from a large KV cache. The prevalent approach to this bottleneck is KV cache compression, which replaces the full cache with a compact summary. Despite its practical importance, the design of such summaries is largely driven by empirical experimentation. On the theoretical side, existing results show that KV cache compression can be impossible in the worst case, but offer little systematic guidance for designing algorithms in regimes where accurate compression is possible. We bridge this gap by characterizing the minimax risk of KV cache compression in terms of the intrinsic compressibility of a cache, revealing when and how accurate compression is possible. In particular, we show that, once attention can sharply retrieve individual tokens, compression can only uniformly outperform random sampling by exploiting information about future queries, regardless how redundant the cache is inherently. Additionally, our results yield novel design principles for KV cache compression under causal masking that map efficiently to prefill and autoregressive decoding while achieving minimax-optimal risk. We instantiate these principles in a practical algorithm and illustrate how our theoretical findings can be put to practical use. Overall, our results opens a principled avenue for KV cache compression with theoretical guarantees.

cs.LG

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.11709

Data-Driven Precision Control of Soft Helicoid Robots

Roshan S. Kaundinya, Mark Leone, Roberto Sabella, Hugo Buurmeijer, Luis Pabon, John Irvin Alora, Marco Pavone, George Haller

原文摘要

A purely data-driven method grounded in the theory of adiabatic spectral submanifolds (aSSMs) was recently used to model and control nonlinear soft robotic simulators. Here, we extend the methodology to learn aSSM-reduced models from data collected from hardware soft robotic platforms. Specifically, we learn a five dimensional (5D) aSSM-reduced nonlinear ordinary differential equation (ODE) that accurately models the dynamics of a soft-helicoid trunk robot. We then use this ODE in a model predictive control scheme to demonstrate real-time precision control across various challenging closed-loop trajectory-tracking tasks, ranging from 2D to 3D trajectories with static and dynamic constraints. We find that our methodology enhances accuracy and precision across all control tasks compared to available data-driven linear methods and model-free reinforcement learning. While we focus here on a soft-helicoid trunk robot, our methodology relies solely on hardware data and is therefore applicable to a broader class of soft robotic systems.

cs.RO · cs.LG · math.DS

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2611.00405

Behavior Graphs: Unsupervised Graph Structures for Interpreting Robot Deployment Data

Erik Bauer, Jakob Thumm, Christopher Agia, Rohan Sinha, Chen Xu, Haruki Nishimura, Jeannette Bohg, Marco Pavone 等 9 位作者

原文摘要

Data flywheels promise continuous improvement via insights from deployment data. Understanding how the deployed model succeeds and fails can steer subsequent data collection towards patching failures and reinforcing successes. However, robot deployments create large volumes of high-dimensional rollout data, which is challenging to understand and confidently ground data collection decisions in. To make deployment data easier to analyze and act on, we propose behavior graphs, which compress policy rollouts into a single interpretable, directed graph. We construct the graphs by learning to identify similar behavior modes across rollouts, connecting the behaviors temporally, and finally linking them to outcomes. In a user study on three real-world tasks, where participants analyzed rollouts to choose a data collection strategy, 16 of 18 preferred behavior graphs to rollout videos, reaching comparable conclusions with 40.3% lower perceived temporal demand and 37.6% lower effort. Beyond interpretability for deployment data, behavior graphs are capable progress predictors: across 43 datasets, they improve the rank correlation between predicted progress and true temporal order by 22.9% and reduce mean absolute error by 53.5% relative to the strongest baseline. As the number of deployed robots grows, behavior graphs lend structure to high-dimensional policy rollouts and make deployment data easier to interpret and reason about.

cs.RO · cs.AI · cs.LG

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.05249

动作专家该训练VLM吗?混合Transformer VLA中的动作Token监督与梯度路由

Should the Action Expert Train the VLM? Action-Token Supervision and Gradient Routing in Mixture-of-Transformer VLAs

Asher James Hancock, Boyi Li, Yuxiao Chen, Shuhan Tan, Wenhao Ding, Thomas Tian, Yan Wang, Boris Ivanovic 等 9 位作者

AI 速读 基于摘要

该研究在自动驾驶与机器人操作中解耦动作Token监督和专家到VLM的梯度耦合,考察梯度隔离是否仍是VLA训练的合理默认。

cs.RO

查看原文摘要

Vision-language-action (VLA) models increasingly pair a pre-trained vision-language model (VLM) with a flow-matching expert that conditions its action predictions on the VLM's key-value representations. Those representations must carry information useful for control, yet the VLM was never trained for the action expert's flow-matching objective. Two signals can address this: gradients backpropagated from the expert's loss (coupling), or VLM supervision to predict discrete tokens encoding the same target actions. Prominent training recipes forgo the first, blocking expert-to-VLM gradients (insulation) to protect the VLM's existing capabilities, while also supervising it on vision-language data and action tokens. Because vision-language co-training also aims to preserve those capabilities, the additional protection provided by insulation is unclear. At the same time, insulation removes a direct signal about which features continuous action prediction requires. On the other hand, action-token supervision offers an alternative way to learn action-relevant representations, which may explain why insulation succeeds in practice. We disentangle these factors in autonomous driving and manipulation by independently varying action-token supervision and whether the expert's loss updates the VLM. In open-loop driving, insulation is competitive with coupling when action tokens are supervised; without them, coupling reduces trajectory-prediction error by roughly 25%. When both components are trained jointly from the outset, coupling increases closed-loop driving route progress by approximately 17% with action-token supervision and 40% without it, and similarly improves robot manipulation performance under both settings. These findings show that the value of gradient insulation depends on the VLM's action supervision and the evaluation setting, challenging insulation as a default VLA training recipe.

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.02691

Closing the Dynamics Gap through Self-Directed Robotic Interaction

Xilun Zhang, Liam Achenbach, Luis Pabon, Matthew Foutter, Marco Pavone

原文摘要

Agentic Real2Sim2Real systems can reconstruct a scene in simulation from camera observations, but contact-rich dynamics such as friction and restitution cannot be observed without interaction. We call this the dynamics gap and present CUE, an agentic system that closes it by interacting with the environment itself. Given only a high-level instruction and no resets, the agent builds its own perception, identifies physical parameters, and targets interactions where its simulation is least accurate. On billiards, CUE reduces held-out ball-position error by 72% relative to the strongest baseline across 25 hidden-physics conditions in simulation, and we further deploy it on a real pool table. More details can be found on the project website: https://cue-dynamics.github.io/

cs.RO · cs.AI

版本更新 · v3arXiv:2610.10288Berkeley BAIR

TouchScale: 500 Hours of Human Vision and Touch for Visual-Tactile Learning

Dayou Li, Hao Wang, Qianqian Yang, Zihao Zhu, Haoquan Fang, Ziyao Zeng, Yan Han, Zihan Wang 等 26 位作者

原文摘要

Large-scale egocentric human interaction data is becoming an important source of physical supervision for embodied learning, yet video alone leaves the contact and pressure that characterize physical interaction unrecorded. Recent visual-tactile datasets provide this missing supervision, but their synchronized tactile data remain far smaller in volume than human video. Moreover, the largest resources often merge recordings from different sensors or annotation procedures, which makes the effect of data scale difficult to isolate. We therefore introduce TouchScale, a 500-hour dataset of contact-rich human interaction recorded with a single unified wearable setup. Its approximately 2K predefined task descriptions span everyday activities and structured manipulation, and each recording temporally aligns egocentric RGB-D video with wrist RGB video and dense full-hand bimanual tactile measurements. Compared with prior tactile data, training on the full TouchScale raises zero-shot contact IoU on data from an unseen tactile sensor from 0.134 to 0.383. Pretraining a visual encoder on TouchScale also yields the highest action recognition accuracy on three benchmarks among the compared visual-tactile datasets. Used for visual-tactile mid-training of a robot policy, TouchScale improves the average real-world success rate across four contact-rich manipulation tasks from 22.5% to 57.5%. With the sensor and collection protocol held fixed, both zero-shot tactile prediction and robot success show an overall upward trend as more TouchScale data is used. These results suggest that human visual-tactile data collected at scale with consistent sensing benefits both perception and robot manipulation. We will publicly release TouchScale, including all synchronized visual-tactile recordings and reconstructed object models, to support future research on scalable visual-tactile learning.

cs.CV

新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.38095

Nemotron 3.5 Super and Lightning: Open, Efficient Mixture-of-Experts Hybrid Mamba-Transformer Models for Agentic AI

NVIDIA, :, Aastha Jhunjhunwala, Aayushi Ashokkumar Srivastava, Abhibha Gupta, Abhinav Garg, Abhinav Khattar, Achsah Wildish 等 559 位作者

原文摘要

We introduce Nemotron 3.5 Super and Nemotron 3.5 Lightning, open and efficient Mixture-of-Experts Hybrid Mamba-Transformer models designed for reasoning, long-context understanding, and agentic workloads. Super is a 120B-parameter, 12B-active multimodal model, while Lightning is a smaller 30B-parameter, 3B-active text model; both designed for efficient deployment. Both models combine large-scale distillation, long-context training, and native speculative decoding, while Super further incorporates Indic continued pretraining and agentic software-engineering mid-training. We develop a comprehensive post-training pipeline spanning supervised fine-tuning and reinforcement learning (RLVR and RLHF), complemented in Super by specialized teacher training and multi- teacher on-policy distillation (MOPD). This transforms Super from a text-only base model into a multimodal agent capable of reasoning over text, images, video, and interactive tool environments. We further explore test-time scaling through parallel agent execution and self-verification. Across training and deployment, we jointly optimize capability and efficiency. Indic continued pretraining improves Indian-language benchmarks by up to 9.82 percentage points, while agentic mid-training strengthens software-engineering capabilities and robustness across agent harnesses. The post-trained Super model achieves 51.78% on SWE-bench Pro, surpassing Nemotron 3 Ultra despite using approximately 4.6x fewer active parameters. Post-training MTP boosting improves speculative- decoding acceptance length by up to 21.8% under probabilistic draft sampling, while NVFP4 quantization achieves 99.62% median accuracy recovery relative to BF16. Inference optimizations enable up to 4,856 output tokens/s/GPU on GB200 while sustaining at least 50 tokens/s/user.

cs.CL · cs.AI · cs.LG

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2610.28166

Reasoning as a Distribution: Generative Plan Latents for Vision-Language-Action Models

Matteo Cercola, Katie Z Luo, Milan Ganai, John Irvin Alora, Simone Formentin, Marco Pavone

原文摘要

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) policies increasingly reason before acting, but existing reasoning models compress this intermediate decision into a single representation. When several plans are valid, this commitment hides alternatives that could otherwise be selected or revised. We introduce the Generative Plan Latent (GPL), which represents the reasoning state as a low-dimensional conditional distribution over plans, such as which object, grasp, or route to use. This makes the reasoning state addressable: without retraining the VLA, plans can be sampled (coverage), selected on request (steering), and reweighted by deployment outcomes (outcome adaptation). We test all three on SimplerEnv manipulation with $π_0$, and extend the analysis to RoboCasa, LIBERO, and a maze domain. Steering the plan raises the fraction of executions that follow the request from 0.48 to 0.94, while the same guidance on the native action distribution shows no reliable gain. Finally, we show that an explicit plan is most useful when it carries decision information not already determined by the observation.

cs.RO

新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.17927Berkeley BAIR

GLST: Global-Local Spatio-Temporal Memory Decomposition Framework for Online Chained-Goal Navigation

Yousef Liang, Ryan Ardalan, Yarden Goraly, Chenhao Zhu, Yue Yin, Jonas Frey, Claire Tomlin, Marco Pavone 等 9 位作者

原文摘要

Autonomous navigation in real-world environments often requires long-horizon operation under partial observability and evolving goals. Existing mapless navigation approaches predominantly assume fixed goals throughout an episode, limiting applicability to practical scenarios where goals change online during execution. We study online chained-goal navigation, where goals evolve through existing-goal redirection or new-goal emergence without explicit transition signals. Under this setting, we find navigation may require either continued exploration or strategic revisitation, creating conflicting memory requirements. We propose Global-Local Spatio-Temporal Belief Learning (GLST), a memory-decomposition framework that separates latent beliefs into global-local spatial and long-short temporal representations for long-horizon reasoning. We further introduce goal-conditioned rewards to balance exploration and exploitation under evolving goals. Extensive experiments in simulation across diverse terrains demonstrate improved chained-goal navigation performance over baselines. Real-robot experiments using the Spot quadruped further validate our memory decomposition framework.

cs.RO · cs.AI