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原文摘要

Exploration is essential to reinforcement learning (RL) since a policy cannot improve by repeatedly sampling the behaviors it already prefers. Standard methods inject stochasticity in the action space, but such jitter only yields rollouts close to the original action distribution. Escaping a weak policy often requires global perturbations that action noise cannot produce. Large language models (LLMs) and vision-language-action (VLA) models offer a pathway: they condition the policy on a natural language prompt, and since the rollout follows from it, modifying the prompt induces global changes. The challenge is finding prompts that induce useful global changes. With a weak policy that rarely succeeds, reward is too sparse to select on. Our idea is to refine prompts from the rollouts themselves: a vision-language model (VLM) reasons over the rollout video, diagnoses how the policy responded, and rewrites the prompt to elicit better behavior next time. Sampling a prompt and holding it fixed throughout a rollout provides episode-level commitment, analogous to posterior-sampling exploration. We call this strategy Prompt Driven Exploration (PDE). Across manipulation and reasoning tasks, PDE enables RL to learn successful policies even from zero-reward starts, and improves sample efficiency more broadly. Our website is available at https://xinyunsunshine.github.io/prompt-rl.