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新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.09413

SmartBloch-Agent: An Agentic Framework for Automated MRI Sequence Design and Optimization

Jiakai Yang, Haoye Zheng, Yixiao Yue, Qinqin Yang, Zhong Chen, Shuhui Cai, Congbo Cai

原文摘要

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pulse sequences organize radiofrequency excitation, gradient encoding, and signal acquisition, determining magnetization evolution and image formation. Sequence research requires translating imaging objectives into executable protocols meeting physical and acquisition constraints, refined via physical simulation, signal reconstruction, and scientific evaluation. Sequence construction, physical verification, parameter search, and assessment involve many tools and manual decisions, limiting automation from objective to verifiable sequence. We develop SmartBloch-Agent, an integrated framework for automated MRI sequence design and optimization. Given objectives and scientific constraints in natural language, an AI agent interprets goals, plans tasks, orchestrates tools, and makes feedback-informed decisions, drawing on a construction module and optimizers for structural design and parameter search. Our GPU-accelerated SmartBloch engine supplies physical computation for both stages, so the framework configures, per sequence and objective, event validation, Full-Bloch magnetization evolution, signal acquisition, image reconstruction, and scientific evaluation, and closes the loop without external MRI simulators. Results return to the agent to guide sequence revision, parameter optimization, and candidate selection, and the design files carry simulation, reconstruction, and evaluation evidence, forming an output package for a real-scanner workflow. Experiments show the framework automatically designs and optimizes MRI sequences for varied objectives and constraints, refines candidates with physical feedback, and improves several parameter-estimation metrics and downstream quantitative reconstruction. SmartBloch-Agent unifies objectives, design, physical execution, and evaluation into a continuous workflow for end-to-end automation of MRI sequence research.

physics.med-ph · cs.AI · eess.IV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v3arXiv:2602.05842

Reinforcement World Model Learning for LLM-based Agents

Xiao Yu, Baolin Peng, Ruize Xu, Yelong Shen, Pengcheng He, Suman Nath, Nikhil Singh, Jiangfeng Gao 等 9 位作者

原文摘要

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved strong performance in language-centric tasks. However, in agentic settings, LLMs often struggle to anticipate action consequences and adapt to environment dynamics, highlighting the need for world-modeling capabilities in LLM-based agents. We propose Reinforcement World Model Learning (RWML), a self-supervised method that learns action-conditioned world models for LLM-based agents on textual states using sim-to-real gap rewards. Our method aligns simulated next states produced by the model with realized next states observed from the environment, encouraging consistency between internal world simulations and actual environment dynamics in a pre-trained embedding space. Unlike next-state token prediction, which prioritizes token-level fidelity (i.e., reproducing exact wording) over semantic equivalence and can lead to model collapse, our method provides a more robust training signal and is empirically less susceptible to reward hacking than LLM-as-a-judge. We evaluate our method on ALFWorld and $τ^2$ Bench and observe significant gains over the base model, despite using no expert data, task-success rewards, or strong-LLM annotations - only an off-the-shelf embedding model as a distance metric. When combined with task-success rewards, our method outperforms direct task-success reward RL by 6.9 and 5.7 points on ALFWorld and $τ^2$ Bench respectively; it further outperforms expert-data training on ALFWorld and is comparable to it on $τ^2$ Bench.

cs.CL

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.01677

Xiaomi Auto World Model 2.0: Causal World Models for Real-World Driving and Embodied Intelligence

Zhenxin Zhu, Zhijian Huang, Cheng Chi, Yuru Wang, Jianhua Wu, Jiayi Guan, Yonggang Li, Mingfei Tu 等 23 位作者

原文摘要

We present Xiaomi Auto World Model 2.0, a unified streaming causal world model for Physical AI. It models and generates causal physical evolution in the real world, and unifies heterogeneous conditioning inputs for view-consistent generation. The architecture integrates View-Temporal Attention (VTA) to capture cross-view spatial dependencies and temporal dynamics, together with Multi-view Rotary Position Encoding (RoPE) to encode positional relationships across views and time. WorldRec 2.0 reconstructs static and dynamic 3D Gaussians from multi-view, multi-temporal observations in a single forward pass and uses their renderings as explicit scene context to preserve geometry and appearance during long-horizon generation. Conditioning inputs are fused through VAE latent concatenation in a shared representation space. We incorporate Gated Linear Attention (GLA) into the temporal layers of VTA for efficient streaming inference, reducing computation and KV-cache memory during multi-view rollouts. A physical-interaction data pipeline covers diverse interactions and long-tailed events. From Pre-train onward, these data are combined with large-scale videos and heterogeneous visual modalities to learn visual, geometric, and dynamic priors. During Mid-train, training across diverse view configurations further improves the model's ability to capture how actions and object states shape subsequent scene evolution. After distillation-based Post-train, we apply the model to closed-loop simulation, closed-loop training, and World Action Model (WAM) applications. These applications generate physically consistent future states and support world-state prediction, policy learning, and action generation for Physical AI.

cs.AI · cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.37442

CRISP: Co-designing Pruning and Scheduling for Efficient MoE Inference on Edge Servers

Congwei Zhang, Youming Tao, Yifei Zou, Yu Yang, Ruirui Zhang, Xiaoyu Zhang, Falko Dressler, Xiuzhen Cheng 等 9 位作者

原文摘要

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) inference on memory-constrained edge platforms is often dominated by expert-weight movement rather than computation. Although each token activates only a small subset of experts, routing is input-dependent, so all experts must remain accessible and memory movement dominates latency. Existing approaches such as uniform pruning and expert dropping overlook two properties of MoE execution: expert combinations are highly skewed in frequency, and experts contribute asymmetrically within each combination. We present CRISP, a combination-aware framework that co-designs pruning and runtime scheduling for efficient MoE serving on memory-constrained edge platforms. CRISP reorders neurons by importance so one stored expert can support multiple execution widths, assigns differentiated execution to hot, warm, and cold combinations based on frequency and expert role, and exploits heterogeneous widths to overlap expert loading with computation. Across Mixtral-8x7B and DeepSeek-MoE-16B, CRISP improves throughput by up to $2.1\times$ at the same memory budget while limiting accuracy loss to 3.6\% relative to full-width inference. Our results highlight that efficient edge MoE serving requires jointly optimizing which expert capacity is preserved and how expert execution is scheduled.

cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.35212

One-Shot Federated Model Editing for Device Dynamics at the Edge

Youming Tao, Weijun Yin, Huanyi Xie, Yanqing Yao, Dongxiao Yu, Xiuzhen Cheng, Di Wang, Falko Dressler

原文摘要

Standard federated learning (FL) requires persistent device connectivity across multiple communication rounds, making it unsuitable for dynamic environments such as vehicular networks, where devices frequently join and leave. One-shot FL offers a promising alternative by completing training in a single communication round. However, one-shot FL suffers from model solidification and cannot readily adapt to subsequent client dynamics, including new client contributions and the withdrawal of previous contributions. We therefore consider exact model editing, which removes withdrawn contributions through unlearning or incorporates newly contributed ones through incremental learning without retraining from scratch. We identify that efficient editing fundamentally hinges on learning stability. To this end, we propose F-SOSA, the first stable one-shot FL algorithm that enables rapid and exact model editing. F-SOSA leverages sub-sampling of local models with carefully tuned rate for stable aggregation and performs curvature-aware model fusion to preserve utility. We prove that F-SOSA achieves vanishing training error and reasonably small generalization error bounds. Building on this stability, we further develop two single-round editing algorithms: F-SOSA-U for unlearning and F-SOSA-I for incremental learning. They ensure that the edited model, along with all intermediate algorithmic states, is statistically indistinguishable from retraining while incurring only an expected $O(ρ)$ fraction of its cost, where $ρ$ quantifies stability. Experiments demonstrate that our approach matches retraining performance while reducing cumulative time and communication overhead by at least 36% and 22%, respectively, under realistic urban mobility simulations.

cs.LG · cs.AI · cs.DC · cs.NI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
首次观测 · 记录 #1ACL Anthology · ACL 2026:acl:2026.acl-long.502ACL Anthology · ACL 2026

Defenses Against Prompt Attacks Learn Surface Heuristics

Li Li University of Southern California, Chenxiao Yu University of Southern California, Zhiyu Ni University of California, Berkeley, Hao Li Washington University, Saint Louis, Charith Peris Amazon, Chaowei Xiao, Yue Zhao University of Southern California

原文摘要

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in security-sensitive applications, where they must follow system- or developer-specified instructions that define the intended task behavior, while completing benign user requests. When adversarial instructions appear in user queries or externally retrieved content, models may override intended logic. Recent defenses rely on supervised fine-tuning with benign and malicious labels. Although these methods achieve high attack rejection rates, we find that they rely on narrow correlations in defense data rather than harmful intent, leading to systematic rejection of safe inputs. We analyze three recurring shortcut behaviors induced by defense fine-tuning. Position bias arises when benign content placed later in a prompt is rejected at much higher rates; across reasoning benchmarks, suffix-task rejection rises from below 10% to as high as 90%. Token trigger bias occurs when strings common in attack data raise rejection probability even in benign contexts; inserting a single trigger token increases false refusals by up to 50%. Topic generalization bias reflects poor generalization beyond the defense data distribution, with defended models suffering test-time accuracy drops of up to 40%. These findings suggest that current prompt-injection defenses frequently respond to attack-like surface patterns rather than the underlying intent. We introduce controlled diagnostic datasets and a systematic evaluation across two base models and multiple defense pipelines, highlighting limitations of supervised fine-tuning for reliable LLM security.

cs.CL

Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表