Multi-Label Recognition (MLR) based on Vision-Language Models (VLMs) aims to leverage their pre-trained knowledge to better adapt complex recognition scenarios, thereby enhancing model robustness. However, for realistic decentralized applications requiring federated learning, adapting VLMs to each client that possesses private and heterogeneous data can cause the model to overfit spurious label correlations, consequently triggering irrelevant categories when encountering new samples. To tackle this problem, we reconsider the federated learning for MLR with a causal model, in which we adopt a front-door adjustment and decouple the MLR modeling process by intermediate variables that magnify the oracle label co-occurrence. Guided by our analysis, we propose our FedMPT, the first method specifically designed for federated MLR. The core idea of FedMPT is to leverage generalizable conditions to steer federated MLR to mitigate erroneous label activations. To achieve this, FedMPT introduces an Large Language Model (LLM)-driven pipeline to decipher the underlying conditions that govern label dependencies. Furthermore, we introduce an optimal transport between the condition-enriched prompts and the image patches to uncover multiple region-level semantics. Finally, we generate synergistic predictions from different conditions with a crafted gating mechanism. Experiments on multiple benchmark datasets show that our proposed approach achieves competitive results and outperforms SOTA methods under varied settings.
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cs.CV · cs.CL
Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · 2026 · 正式发表
Digital humans are fundamental to immersive interaction, yet creating a unified model for holistic modalities, including text, audio, motion, and visual content, remains an open challenge. In this paper, we present Archon, a fully pretrained, human-centric unified multimodal model for holistic avatar generation. Archon unifies seven modalities with modality-specific tokenizers, and a native autoregressive unified multimodal model pretrained on synchronized modalities and 72 diverse tasks to model holistic joint distributions. To address the token explosion challenge in high-fidelity talking videos, we introduce a memory-efficient semantic video reparameterization, achieving 4x token reduction while preserving fine-grained dynamics, coupled with a semantic-driven video diffusion decoder. We further propose a "Thinking in Modality" that decomposes ambiguous cross-modal tasks into stepwise thinking in an alternative chain of modality, progressively enhancing fidelity and controllability. Extensive experiments demonstrate that Archon achieves superior or comparable performance across diverse digital human generation tasks, validating the effectiveness of our unified framework.
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cs.CV
Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · 2026 · 正式发表
Visual generation with discrete tokens has gained significant attention as it enables a unified token prediction paradigm shared with language models, promising seamless multimodal architectures. However, current discrete generation methods remain limited to low-dimensional latent tokens (typically 8-32 dims), sacrificing the semantic richness essential for understanding. While high-dimensional pretrained representations (768-1024 dims) could bridge this gap, their discrete generation poses fundamental challenges. In this paper, we present Cubic Discrete Diffusion (CubiD), the first discrete generation model for high-dimensional representations. CubiD performs fine-grained masking throughout the high-dimensional discrete representation--any dimension at any position can be masked and predicted from partial observations. This enables the model to learn rich correlations both within and across spatial positions, with the number of generation steps fixed at T regardless of feature dimensionality, where T << hwd. On ImageNet-256, CubiD achieves state-of-the-art discrete generation with strong scaling behavior from 900M to 3.7B parameters. Crucially, we validate that these discretized tokens preserve original representation capabilities, demonstrating that the same discrete tokens can effectively serve both understanding and generation tasks. We hope this work will inspire future research toward unified multimodal architectures. Code is available at: https://github.com/YuqingWang1029/CubiD.
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cs.CV · cs.CL
Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · 2026 · 正式发表
Co-salient Object Detection (CoSOD) aims to segment salient objects that consistently appear across a group of related images. Despite the notable progress achieved by recent training-based approaches, they still remain constrained by the closed-set datasets and exhibit limited generalization. However, few studies explore the potential of Vision Foundation Models (VFMs) to address CoSOD, which demonstrate a strong generalized ability and robust saliency understanding. In this paper, we investigate and leverage VFMs for CoSOD, and further propose a novel training-free method, TF-SSD, through the synergy between SAM and DINO. Specifically, we first utilize SAM to generate comprehensive raw proposals, which serve as a candidate mask pool. Then, we introduce a quality mask generator to filter out redundant masks, thereby acquiring a refined mask set. Since this generator is built upon SAM, it inherently lacks semantic understanding of saliency. To this end, we adopt an intra-image saliency filter that employs DINO's attention maps to identify visually salient masks within individual images. Moreover, to extend saliency understanding across group images, we propose an inter-image prototype selector, which computes similarity scores among cross-image prototypes to select masks with the highest score. These selected masks serve as final predictions for CoSOD. Extensive experiments show that our TF-SSD outperforms existing methods (e.g., 13.7% gains over the recent training-free method). Codes are available at https://github.com/hzz-yy/TF-SSD.
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cs.CV
Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · 2026 · 正式发表
Federated Learning (FL) is a decentralized framework that not only enables collaborative training with different clients but also ensures their local data privacy. However, when deletion requests arise under privacy regulations, efficiently removing specific client data contributions from target clients can be challenging. Existing unlearning methods face significant limitations under Non-IID (Non-Independent and Identically Distributed) data distributions when attempting to unlearn specific target clients in FL. Models in sharp optimization regions can suffer catastrophic knowledge loss from minor parameter changes, exacerbating this forgetting due to conflicting parameter updates across clients caused by Non-IID data distributions in FL. Empirically, we observe that conflicting updates under Non-IID settings generate misaligned task vectors that fail to isolate target knowledge. Therefore, we exploit the loss landscape geometry in unlearning specific target clients. We demonstrate that migrating models to flat regions can enhance unlearning robustness in Non-IID FL. Correspondingly, we introduce GDFA, a framework that initially transitions the global model to a flat loss domain. Subsequently, relevant clients generate unlearning task vectors, which GDFA filters to retain only directionally consistent components. This process isolates shared knowledge attributes before precise removal through reverse vector aggregation, maximizing knowledge retention. Extensive experiments demonstrate that GDFA outperforms state-of-the-art methods in unlearning efficacy and efficiency across diverse datasets and architectures, with minimal accuracy loss on retained tasks.
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cs.CV
Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · 2026 · 正式发表
Unified models aim to support both understanding and generation by encoding images into discrete tokens and processing them alongside text within a single autoregressive framework. This unified design offers architectural simplicity and cross-modal synergy, which facilitates shared parameterization, consistent training objectives, and seamless transfer between modalities. However, the large number of visual tokens required by such models introduces substantial computation and memory overhead, and this inefficiency directly hinders deployment in resource constrained scenarios such as embodied AI systems. In this work, we propose a unified token compression algorithm UniCompress that significantly reduces visual token count while preserving performance on both image understanding and generation tasks. Our method introduces a plug-in compression and decompression mechanism guided with learnable global meta tokens. The framework is lightweight and modular, enabling efficient integration into existing models without full retraining. Experimental results show that our approach reduces image tokens by up to (4x), achieves substantial gains in inference latency and training cost, and incurs only minimal performance degradation, which demonstrates the promise of token-efficient unified modeling for real world multimodal applications.
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cs.CV
Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · 2026 · 正式发表
Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has emerged as a leading technique for efficiently fine-tuning text-to-image diffusion models, and its widespread adoption on open-source platforms has fostered a vibrant culture of model sharing and customization. However, the same modular and plug-and-play flexibility that makes LoRA appealing also introduces a broader attack sur-face. To highlight this risk, we propose Masquerade-LoRA (MasqLoRA), the first backdoor attack that leverages the LoRA mechanism to stealthily inject malicious behavior into text-to-image diffusion models. MasqLoRA operates by freezing the base model parameters and updating only the low-rank adapter weights using a small number of "trigger word-target image" pairs. This enables the attacker to train a standalone backdoor LoRA module that embeds a hidden cross-modal mapping: when the module is loaded and a specific textual trigger is provided, the model produces a predefined visual output; other-wise, it behaves indistinguishably from the clean model, ensuring the stealthiness of the attack. Experimental results demonstrate that MasqLoRA can be trained with minimal resource overhead and achieves a high attack success rate of 99.8%. MasqLoRA reveals a severe and unique threat in the AI supply chain, underscoring the urgent need for dedicated defense mechanisms for the LoRA-centric sharing ecosystem.
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cs.CV
Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · 2026 · 正式发表