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arXiv 最近完成扫描:2026-11-16 01:34 · 全站最近入库:2026-11-14 15:09各信源进度 →

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新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.17196

离散变量折纸设计中的物理可解释盆地选择

Physically Interpretable Basin Selection in Discrete-Variable Origami Design

Lucy Liu, Leon M. Kamp, Katia Bertoldi, L. Mahadevan

AI 速读 基于摘要

作者报告在离散铰链折纸设计中,连续松弛优化与最终离散解之间存在显著差距,而简单的初始化偏置或惩罚物理失配可缓解该问题。

cs.LG · cond-mat.mtrl-sci · cond-mat.soft

查看原文摘要

Automatic differentiation has enabled rapid progress on continuous-variable mechanical design problems, but gradient-based optimization still struggles with discrete variables. The standard approach is to optimize using a continuous relaxation of the choices, then commit to the nearest discrete design at the end. Why this procedure selects unfavorable basins is poorly understood. Here, we introduce a practical, interpretable design problem inspired by origami, in which automatic differentiation is used to design shapes with a target functional behavior. Each origami sheet has a fixed geometry, and a bilevel optimization framework tunes which one of four discrete hinge types to place at each fold. Baseline gradient-based design settles into basins with a large discretization gap: relaxed optimization solves 97% of runs, but the final, discrete solutions succeed only half the time. We find that the gap can be relieved with a surprisingly simple modification. An initialization prior uniformly biased toward the stiff, flat hinge option boosts the final solve fraction from 49% to 69%. Applying the prior adds no additional compute and leaves the optimization process unchanged. Compared to the baseline, sheets produced with the prior have greater geometric compatibility and mechanical stiffness. Directly penalizing frustration and floppiness in the outer loss function produces an even greater improvement than the prior does, raising the solve fraction to 78% and indicating that these properties help distinguish the unfavorable basins. Our results demonstrate that loss landscapes for mechanical design can have physically meaningful basins that are not robust to discretization and cause solves to fail. Targeting these basins' physical signatures, even with just an initialization bias, helps avoid them.

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.14782

Bayesian inference with a polymer probabilistic computer

Travis Wanless, Yuriy Bandera, Lubomir Kostal, Stephen H. Foulger

原文摘要

Bayesian inference weighs competing explanations of noisy data by sampling from a posterior distribution, a task that deterministic hardware performs only by simulating randomness. Probabilistic bits (p-bits) supply this randomness physically, but the few hardware networks of p-bits built so far use inorganic devices, address optimization or learning, and are judged without reference to the spread expected from finite sampling. Here we report a probabilistic computer built from solution-processed conjugated-polymer memristors. Four polymer p-bits, tracked online for drift and coupled in a closed Gibbs-sampling loop, sample competing, degenerate and cooperative posteriors over sixteen states with statistics that fall within the range of ideal p-bits, both in their distribution and in their autocorrelation, without any parameter fitted to the target. This agreement extends to new simulated sensor readings whose outcome was predicted before each run, including readings that point away from the true answer. Reprogrammed in software, the same circuit and controller reproduces the invertible AND gate of earlier p-bit networks, with its temperature fixed in advance rather than fitted. Polymer p-bits thus open a route to printed, large-area probabilistic computers that infer alongside their sensors.

cs.ET · cond-mat.dis-nn · cond-mat.mtrl-sci · cond-mat.soft

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.14729

SunLightBots: Turning sunlight into self-sustained, high-power motion in soft robots

Yoo Jin Lee, Melanie Torres Crespo, Zhongxiao Deng, Andrew Tejada-Vega, Rebecca Kramer-Bottiglio, Wenzhong Yan, Yimin Luo

原文摘要

Soft robots built from active materials can directly convert environmental stimuli into motion, offering a route to energy autonomy and embodied control. However, environmental energy is generally harvested at low power, whereas rapid, mechanically demanding actions require high mechanical output power. Reconciling this mismatch while sustaining self-regulated cyclic actuation is challenging, particularly at the subgram scale, where limited payload capacity constrains the integration of conventional power and control hardware. Here, we present SunLightBots, a class of subgram, sunlight-powered, untethered soft robots that achieve autonomous locomotion under continuous illumination near 1 Sun (100 mW/cm2). Their operation is enabled by a self-resetting snapping (SRS) mechanism that integrates liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) with snap-through instability to accumulate solar energy supplied at low power, release it as rapid, high-power motion, and reset through photothermal-mechanical feedback. Through coordinated optimization of the LCE actuation temperature, photothermal conversion, actuation stress, and structural energy barrier, the system operates near 1 Sun and achieves a peak mass-specific mechanical power of 89 W/kg. At this irradiance, the optimized LCE generates an actuation stress of 0.1 MPa at approximately 60 deg C. SunLightBots demonstrate sustained swimming, crawling, and repeated impulsive jumping. Under 1.5 Suns, the swimmer advances more than three body lengths per cycle. This work provides a materials-mechanics route toward autonomous soft robots powered entirely by the environment.

cs.RO · cond-mat.soft · physics.app-ph

版本更新 · v2arXiv:1303.7276

The effect of limb kinematics on the speed of a legged robot on granular media

Chen Li, Paul B. Umbanhowar, Haldun Komsuoglu, Daniel I. Goldman

原文摘要

Achieving effective locomotion on diverse terrestrial substrates can require subtle changes of limb kinematics. Biologically inspired legged robots (physical models of organisms) have shown impressive mobility on hard ground but suffer performance loss on unconsolidated granular materials like sand. Because comprehensive limb-ground interaction models are lacking, optimal gaits on complex yielding terrain have been determined empirically. To develop predictive models for legged devices and to provide hypotheses for biological locomotors, we systematically study the performance of SandBot, a small legged robot, on granular media as a function of gait parameters. High performance occurs only in a small region of parameter space. A previously introduced kinematic model of the robot combined with a new anisotropic granular penetration force law predicts the speed. Performance on granular media is maximized when gait parameters minimize body acceleration and limb interference, and utilize solidification features of granular media.

physics.bio-ph · cond-mat.soft · cs.RO · physics.flu-dyn · q-bio.QM

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.03542

Variational Functional Neural Networks (vfNN)

Chinmay Katke, C. Nadir Kaplan

原文摘要

We present a variational functional neural network (vfNN) algorithm that optimizes physically motivated continuum functionals in integral form (e.g., Lagrangian, Hamiltonian, or free energy) to find the states of a system. That way, vfNN bypasses solving the equations of motion (a.k.a. the Euler-Lagrange equations), which are in the form of differential equations. To this end, our approach is fundamentally different from conventional physics-informed neural networks (PINN) that solve differential equations by minimizing a phenomenological loss function involving higher order derivatives and ad hoc weight factors. In contrast, vfNN merely evaluates lower order derivatives of the generating functional and replaces the weight factors with rigorous physical scales. This also fundamentally changes the loss landscape, and the desired solutions may become unstable. For this emergent nonconvex optimization problem, we develop a quasi-Newton optimization algorithm with simulated annealing that converges to the solutions of the corresponding Euler-Lagrange equations of the functional regardless of their stability properties. Our simulations using vfNN give accurate results for benchmark systems governed by linear or nonlinear ordinary differential equations.

cs.LG · cond-mat.soft

版本更新 · v3arXiv:2605.11012

Inverse Design of Metainterfaces towards Static Friction Control: Beyond the Hertzian Limit

Jacopo Bilotto, Arnav Singhal, Joaquin Garcia-Suarez, Gaëtan Cortes, Lucas Fourel, Jean-François Molinari

原文摘要

Programming the static friction of mechanical interfaces is critical for soft robotics, haptics, and precision gripping. Static friction is governed by the real contact area, and standard rough surfaces exhibit a linear area-load scaling inherent to classical models, severely restricting their functional range. Here, we propose a framework for the inverse design of tribological metainterfaces engineered for programmable contact behaviors. By utilizing general axisymmetric asperities, we unlock nonlinear macroscopic responses unattainable by standard Hertzian contacts. To solve the inverse problem, we embed a fully differentiable contact mechanics engine within a neural network and a quadratic optimizer. We leverage regularized physical gradients to automatically discover non-standard topographies that reproduce complex target contact laws, with only a few asperities in unit cells. The predicted designs are validated against high-fidelity Boundary Element Method (BEM) simulations. By front-loading computational costs during training, the neural surrogate yields near-instantaneous design inference, bypassing the bottlenecks of traditional multi-start optimization. This framework bridges data-driven optimization and rigorous physics, offering a scale-invariant pathway for the high-throughput discovery and real-time control of functional tribological surfaces.

cond-mat.soft · cs.LG

新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.39575

Hidden Phase Transition in Single-Polymer Stretching under Elongational Flow

Aiqing Zhu, Fushuai Wang, Eleonore Vissol-Gaudin, Qianxiao Li, Beatrice W. Soh

原文摘要

Using machine learning, we identify a second transition in polymer chain stretching driven by planar elongational flow, beyond the well-known coil-stretch transition. We achieve this by developing a conditional extension of Universal and Identifiable Dissipative Dynamics (UIDD) that jointly learns reduced stochastic dynamics from microscopic trajectories across flow strengths and yields the corresponding stationary nonequilibrium free energy landscapes. As the flow strength increases, the evolving landscape exhibits the expected coil-stretch transition, and then a previously unrecognized dynamical transition. In the latter, the stretched states persist, but the distribution along a folding coordinate becomes bimodal when conditioned on small end-to-end separation. Large-deviation analysis of a simplified analytical chain model reproduces both transitions and shows that they are phase transitions in the long-chain limit. Single-molecule DNA experiments provide qualitative support for the dynamical transition through the predicted reversal of the folding response.

cond-mat.soft · cs.LG · physics.comp-ph

新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.39513

Distilling Large-Scale Machine Learning Interatomic Potentials to Predict Long-Timescale Electrolyte Transport Properties

Ishan Amin, Yue Jian, Nitesh Kumar, Christine Zhang, Jianwei Lai, Casey S. Mezerkor, Aaron M. Melemed, Jonathan R. Thurston 等 13 位作者

原文摘要

Accurately predicting the transport properties of liquid electrolytes is critical for next-generation battery design and requires force fields that are both quantum-mechanically accurate and fast enough for long-timescale simulation. Recent large-scale pretrained machine learning interatomic potentials (MLIPs) approach density-functional-theory accuracy, but remain too slow to access the necessary timescales to converge transport properties. We provide a knowledge distillation procedure to transfer the accuracy of a large-scale "teacher" MLIP into fast, system-specific "students", without any additional ab initio data. Our distilled models run ~40x faster, reproduce teacher-predicted structural observables, and produce stable 20 ns trajectories in days, rather than the months the teacher would require. Across a diverse set of sodium- and lithium-ion electrolytes, student-predicted self-diffusivities, ionic conductivities, and shear viscosities track experiment and outperform classical force-field predictions, establishing distillation as a practical route to accurate, long-timescale simulations necessary for high-throughput electrolyte screening.

physics.chem-ph · cond-mat.mtrl-sci · cond-mat.soft · cs.LG · physics.comp-ph