arXiv:1205.0903 · v2

A note on a problem in communication complexity

首次提交 2012-05-04 18:15

版本更新 2026-11-06 19:12

雷达观测 2026-11-09 11:19

摘要

We study bounded-error randomization and majority operators in structural communication complexity. We give a communication-complexity formulation of Tarui's theorem and identify the bounded-error closure of weakly unbounded-error communication with a distributional perturbation of logarithmic margin complexity. Retaining the Boolean guarantee in Tarui's probabilistic polynomials yields the stronger inclusion $\mathsf{PH}^{\mathrm{cc}} \subseteq \mathsf{ZP}\mathbin{\cdot} \mathsf{PP}^{\mathrm{cc}} \subseteq \mathsf{BP}\mathbin{\cdot} \mathsf{PP}^{\mathrm{cc}}$. We also define a majority operator satisfying $\mathsf{PP}\mathbin{\cdot} \mathsf{P}^{\mathrm{cc}} = \mathsf{PP}^{\mathrm{cc}}$ and use Sasaki's majority formula to prove that $\mathord{\oplus}\mathsf{P}^{\mathrm{cc}} \subseteq \mathsf{PP}\mathbin{\cdot} \mathsf{PP}^{\mathrm{cc}}$. For the inner-product function modulo two, both the outer index and each inner protocol have logarithmic cost. Together with Forster's lower bound, this gives an explicit witness to the non-idempotence of the majority operator and to $\mathsf{PP}\mathbin{\cdot} \mathsf{PP}^{\mathrm{cc}} \not\subseteq \mathsf{UPP}^{\mathrm{cc}}$. Both the bounded-error closure and the two-level majority class are contained in $\mathsf{PSPACE}^{\mathrm{cc}}$.