arXiv:2508.18503 · v4
Minimax Analysis of Estimation Problems in Coherent Imaging
摘要
Unlike conventional imaging modalities, such as magnetic resonance imaging, which are often well described by a linear regression framework, coherent imaging systems follow a significantly more complex model. In these systems, the task is to estimate the unknown image ${\boldsymbol x}_o \in \mathbb{R}^n$ from observations ${\boldsymbol y}_1, \ldots, {\boldsymbol y}_L \in \mathbb{R}^m$ of the form $ {\boldsymbol y}_l = A_l X_o {\boldsymbol w}_l + {\boldsymbol z}_l, l = 1, \ldots, L,$ where $X_o = \mathrm{diag}({\boldsymbol x}_o)$ is an $n \times n$ diagonal matrix, ${\boldsymbol w}_1,\ldots, {\boldsymbol w}_L \stackrel{\text{i.i.d.}}{\sim} \mathcal{N}(0,I_n)$ represent speckle noise, and ${\boldsymbol z}_1, \ldots, {\boldsymbol z}_L \stackrel{\text{i.i.d.}}{\sim} \mathcal{N}(0,σ_z^2 I_m)$ denote additive noise. The matrices $A_1, \ldots, A_L \in \mathbb{R}^{m \times n}$ are known forward operators determined by the imaging system. Here, $m$ can be less than $n$, which makes the linear model ill conditioned, and we collect $L$ measurements of the whole setup and try to quantify the loss. The fundamental limits of conventional imaging systems have been extensively studied through sparse linear regression models. However, the limits of coherent imaging systems remain largely unexplored. The goal of this paper is to close this gap by showing, for the first time in the literature, that the minimax risk of estimating ${\boldsymbol x}_o$ scales as $\frac{\max\{σ_z^4,\, m^2,\, n^2\}\, k \log n}{m^2 n L},$ where the parameter $k$ quantifies the effective complexity of the image class.
作者备注：63 pages. Revised to correct typos. The original arXiv version (Nov 18, 2025) contained all current theoretical results. No AI was used to develop or prove these results; AI assisted only with text editing. During revision, AI was additionally used as a mock reviewer to help verify proof correctness. It identified a few minor issues, which the authors subsequently corrected