arXiv:2609.18724 · v2

Second-Best Gains from Trade in Matching Markets

首次提交 2026-09-16 22:26

版本更新 2026-11-03 00:49

雷达观测 2026-11-04 23:41

摘要

We study gains from trade (GFT) in two-sided matching markets with independent private types and arbitrary downward-closed feasibility constraints. The second-best benchmark is the maximum expected GFT achievable by a Bayesian incentive-compatible, interim individually rational mechanism that is strongly budget balanced at every report profile. These constraints generally preclude attaining the first-best GFT and raise the question of how much efficiency must be lost. We prove that the second-best GFT is at least one half of the first-best GFT in every such matching market. This recovers and generalizes the recent $1/2$ guarantee for bilateral trade by Liu, Qin, Ren, and Wang to markets with multiple buyers and sellers and arbitrary downward-closed feasibility constraints. Together with their matching upper bound for bilateral trade, our result establishes a tight worst-case ratio of $1/2$ for this general class of matching markets. Our proof builds on the virtual-GFT framework of Brüstle, Cai, Wu, and Zhao to reduce the problem to a one-parameter Lagrangian. The main step is a geometric, edge-by-edge analysis based on first-best edge-selection regions, combined with a randomized contraction in rank space. The same analysis also determines the exact worst-case efficiency for every level of outside subsidy. In particular, even a small outside subsidy can significantly improve the worst-case guarantee.

作者备注：44 pages, 2 figures; Updated with the section on Subsidized Markets