← 研踪 PaperTrailarXiv:2611.06478 · v1
Beyond Gomory-Hu: All-Pairs $\times$ All-Pairs Mincuts in $O(n)$ Space
首次提交 2026-11-04 21:19
版本更新 2026-11-04 21:19
雷达观测 2026-11-05 11:10
摘要
For over four decades, two classical structures have offered complementary views of mincuts. The Gomory-Hu tree encodes one $(x,y)$-mincut for every vertex pair $x,y$ in $O(n)$ space, but retains only one mincut per pair. In contrast, for a fixed pair $x,y$, the Picard-Queyranne representation admits an $O(n)$ space vertex ordering that determines whether some $(x,y)$-mincut separates any given pair $u,v$ and reports such a cut. Can these complementary guarantees hold simultaneously in $O(n)$ space? We answer affirmatively. For undirected graphs, we construct an $O(n)$ space structure encoding, for every four vertices $x,y,u,v$, an $(x,y)$-mincut separating $u,v$ whenever one exists. More precisely, given any terminal pair $x,y$, the structure recovers the Picard-Queyranne ordering in $O(n)$ time. Thereafter, separability queries take $O(1)$ time, and reporting a separating mincut $C$ takes $O(|C|)$ time. Thus, information for all $Θ(n^4)$ choices of $x,y,u,v$ is encoded in $O(n)$ space. This is essentially the strongest information of this form that fits in $O(n)$ space: if one additionally requires the mincut to place $u$ on side of $x$ and $v$ on side of $y$, then $Ω(n^2)$ space is necessary even for fixed $x,y$. As a consequence, we obtain an $O(n)$ space all-pairs mincut sensitivity oracle for a single edge failure in multigraphs, with optimal $O(n)$ time to report a new mincut. This resolves an open question of Baswana and Pandey [SODA'22] on achieving $o(n^2)$ space and $o(m)$ query time simultaneously. Our construction substantially generalizes the $O(n)$ space nearest-mincut-hierarchy [SODA'27], which reports only the nearest $(x,y)$-mincut. Recovering the entire Picard-Queyranne ordering for an arbitrary pair requires new structural properties of the Dinitz-Vainshtein [STOC'94] connectivity carcass, extending its use beyond the Steiner mincuts it represents.
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v1 · 2026-11-04 21:19 · 最新观测版本
Beyond Gomory-Hu: All-Pairs $\times$ All-Pairs Mincuts in $O(n)$ Space
For over four decades, two classical structures have offered complementary views of mincuts. The Gomory-Hu tree encodes one $(x,y)$-mincut for every vertex pair $x,y$ in $O(n)$ space, but retains only one mincut per pair. In contrast, for a fixed pair $x,y$, the Picard-Queyranne representation admits an $O(n)$ space vertex ordering that determines whether some $(x,y)$-mincut separates any given pair $u,v$ and reports such a cut. Can these complementary guarantees hold simultaneously in $O(n)$ space? We answer affirmatively. For undirected graphs, we construct an $O(n)$ space structure encoding, for every four vertices $x,y,u,v$, an $(x,y)$-mincut separating $u,v$ whenever one exists. More precisely, given any terminal pair $x,y$, the structure recovers the Picard-Queyranne ordering in $O(n)$ time. Thereafter, separability queries take $O(1)$ time, and reporting a separating mincut $C$ takes $O(|C|)$ time. Thus, information for all $Θ(n^4)$ choices of $x,y,u,v$ is encoded in $O(n)$ space. This is essentially the strongest information of this form that fits in $O(n)$ space: if one additionally requires the mincut to place $u$ on side of $x$ and $v$ on side of $y$, then $Ω(n^2)$ space is necessary even for fixed $x,y$. As a consequence, we obtain an $O(n)$ space all-pairs mincut sensitivity oracle for a single edge failure in multigraphs, with optimal $O(n)$ time to report a new mincut. This resolves an open question of Baswana and Pandey [SODA'22] on achieving $o(n^2)$ space and $o(m)$ query time simultaneously. Our construction substantially generalizes the $O(n)$ space nearest-mincut-hierarchy [SODA'27], which reports only the nearest $(x,y)$-mincut. Recovering the entire Picard-Queyranne ordering for an arbitrary pair requires new structural properties of the Dinitz-Vainshtein [STOC'94] connectivity carcass, extending its use beyond the Steiner mincuts it represents.
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