← 研踪 PaperTrailarXiv:2611.07346 · v1
GreedTok is a Constant-Factor Approximation for Partition-Cover Tokenization
首次提交 2026-11-05 10:36
版本更新 2026-11-05 10:36
雷达观测 2026-11-06 10:04
摘要
GreedTok (Lim, Tan, Choo and Lauw, NeurIPS 2025) builds a tokenizer vocabulary greedily for the partition-cover objective: choose $k$ tokens so as to maximize the number of adjacent character pairs merged when the corpus is segmented optimally. The objective is neither submodular nor supermodular, so the classical $1-1/e$ analysis does not apply, and a worst-case guarantee was left open. We prove that GreedTok is a constant-factor approximation: on every corpus and for every budget $k$ it achieves at least $0.2752$ of the optimum, and it is optimal for $k=1$. The bound holds for both the exact greedy loop and the lazy priority-queue loop of the published algorithm and its code. The key ingredient is a shift lemma: if two occurrences of a not-yet-chosen token overlap and both are still usable, they offer exactly the same gain, so GreedTok's left-to-right scoring loses nothing when occurrences collide. A per-occurrence charging argument, with window distributions certified in exact arithmetic or given in closed form, completes the proof. In the other direction, we construct corpora on which GreedTok, with adversarial tie-breaking, achieves at most a fraction of the optimum tending to $(7-\ln 2)/12\approx0.5256$ (below $0.5380$ when every greedy choice is unique). Finally, we show that the objective is NP-hard to approximate within $1-1/31580$, to our knowledge the first inapproximability result for it.
作者备注：24 pages, 2 figures. Code, certificates and results: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23954767
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v1 · 2026-11-05 10:36 · 最新观测版本
GreedTok is a Constant-Factor Approximation for Partition-Cover Tokenization
GreedTok (Lim, Tan, Choo and Lauw, NeurIPS 2025) builds a tokenizer vocabulary greedily for the partition-cover objective: choose $k$ tokens so as to maximize the number of adjacent character pairs merged when the corpus is segmented optimally. The objective is neither submodular nor supermodular, so the classical $1-1/e$ analysis does not apply, and a worst-case guarantee was left open. We prove that GreedTok is a constant-factor approximation: on every corpus and for every budget $k$ it achieves at least $0.2752$ of the optimum, and it is optimal for $k=1$. The bound holds for both the exact greedy loop and the lazy priority-queue loop of the published algorithm and its code. The key ingredient is a shift lemma: if two occurrences of a not-yet-chosen token overlap and both are still usable, they offer exactly the same gain, so GreedTok's left-to-right scoring loses nothing when occurrences collide. A per-occurrence charging argument, with window distributions certified in exact arithmetic or given in closed form, completes the proof. In the other direction, we construct corpora on which GreedTok, with adversarial tie-breaking, achieves at most a fraction of the optimum tending to $(7-\ln 2)/12\approx0.5256$ (below $0.5380$ when every greedy choice is unique). Finally, we show that the objective is NP-hard to approximate within $1-1/31580$, to our knowledge the first inapproximability result for it.
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