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Ada-RS: Adaptive Rejection Sampling for Selective Thinking
来源日期（仅到月份） 2026-07
来源记录日期 2026-07
雷达观测 2026-11-01 22:08
摘要
Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being deployed in cost- and latency-sensitive settings. While chain-of-thought improves reasoning, it can waste tokens on simple requests. We study selective thinking for tool-using LLMs and introduce Adaptive Rejection Sampling (Ada-RS), an algorithm-agnostic sample filtering framework for learning selective and efficient reasoning. For each given context, Ada-RS scores multiple sampled completions with an adaptive length-penalized reward then applies stochastic rejection sampling to retain only high-reward candidates (or preference pairs) for downstream optimization. We demonstrate how Ada-RS plugs into both preference pair (e.g. DPO) or grouped policy optimization strategies (e.g. DAPO). Using Qwen3-8B with LoRA on a synthetic tool call-oriented e-commerce benchmark, Ada-RS improves the accuracy-efficiency frontier over standard algorithms by reducing average output tokens by up to ∼80% and reducing thinking rate by up to ∼95% while maintaining or improving tool call accuracy. We further demonstrate that these gains generalize across model scales (Qwen3-1.7B, 8B, 14B) and domains (τ 2-Bench airline and telecom). These results highlight that training signal selection is a powerful lever for efficient reasoning in latency-sensitive deployments.
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记录 #1 · 2026-07 · 最新观测版本
Ada-RS: Adaptive Rejection Sampling for Selective Thinking
Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being deployed in cost- and latency-sensitive settings. While chain-of-thought improves reasoning, it can waste tokens on simple requests. We study selective thinking for tool-using LLMs and introduce Adaptive Rejection Sampling (Ada-RS), an algorithm-agnostic sample filtering framework for learning selective and efficient reasoning. For each given context, Ada-RS scores multiple sampled completions with an adaptive length-penalized reward then applies stochastic rejection sampling to retain only high-reward candidates (or preference pairs) for downstream optimization. We demonstrate how Ada-RS plugs into both preference pair (e.g. DPO) or grouped policy optimization strategies (e.g. DAPO). Using Qwen3-8B with LoRA on a synthetic tool call-oriented e-commerce benchmark, Ada-RS improves the accuracy-efficiency frontier over standard algorithms by reducing average output tokens by up to ∼80% and reducing thinking rate by up to ∼95% while maintaining or improving tool call accuracy. We further demonstrate that these gains generalize across model scales (Qwen3-1.7B, 8B, 14B) and domains (τ 2-Bench airline and telecom). These results highlight that training signal selection is a powerful lever for efficient reasoning in latency-sensitive deployments.
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