Hippo: Training-Free Agent Self-Evolution via Hippocampal Replay
Yutong Song, Jiang Wu, Yuxuan Ren, Tony Qin, Baoyuan Wang
AI 速览：受海马选择性编码与回放启发，Hippo 通过比较同一任务的多次尝试来提炼可复用经验，并在不更新模型参数的情况下实现 LLM 智能体的外部记忆学习。
Motivated by recursive self-improvement (RSI), we study how LLM agents can learn through external memory without updating model parameters. Extracting useful experience from a single attempt is difficult: flawed reasoning can produce success, while poor execution can obscure a sound strategy. Preserving its value over time is also difficult: our accumulation baseline without consolidation initially improves but eventually performs below a no-memory baseline. Our key idea is to compare attempts at the same task to identify reusable decisions and refine when they apply. We introduce Hippo, a memory framework inspired by selective hippocampal encoding and replay that learns from these comparisons when shortcomings are diagnosed. It compares the resulting experience with existing memory to merge overlaps and resolve conflicts through explicit applicability conditions. This allows prior guidance to be revised without storing every lesson as a separate entry. Experiments on SWE-bench Verified, WebArena, and Mind2Web show performance gains in all three settings and substantially fewer retained experiences than the accumulation baseline. The gains extend across the evaluated base models of varying capabilities, indicating that memory-based adaptation remains useful even for highly capable models.
AI 速览：提出一种以学习者参与为核心的多智能体组织框架，并在 Agentic University 中实现，用可修订的“能力项目”把个人目标、学习活动与分层评估串联起来。
Large language models support personalized tutoring, content generation, and adaptive learning paths. However, capability development requires these resources and interactions to form a coherent learning process that evolves with the learner. A central challenge is to align goals, activities, and assessment while using learning evidence to decide what should follow. We introduce Human-Participatory Multi-Agent Organization and instantiate it in Agentic University (AU). In AU, learners participate as organization members and work with specialized agents to maintain a revisable Capability Program. The program connects personal goals, learning activities across modalities, and layered assessment, while learner feedback and performance guide subsequent support. Our evaluation shows advantages in program organization, assessment design, and revision quality. Users achieved larger mean assessment gains (12.19 versus 5.61 points on a 50-point scale) and reported stronger cognitive support. This work contributes an organizational approach to adaptive learning that makes learner participation a continuing basis for multi-agent coordination. The Agentic University project is available at \href{https://github.com/AgenticOrgLab/AgenticUniversity.git}.