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新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.13843

PolyRoute: A Twelve-Language and Code-Mixed Benchmark for Typed-Decision Routing, with Baselines and a Leaderboard

Mohammed Nayeem Khan, Sarun Kumar K S

原文摘要

Typed-decision encoders answer a question about a text in one forward pass, but their behaviour outside English is rarely measured on a fixed yardstick. We release PolyRoute: 322 native-language support messages in 12 languages and 9 writing systems, 156 code-mixed or romanised messages (Hinglish, Spanglish, Arabizi), 967 optional native training rows, and a protocol for a three-way department-routing decision. Labels come from Qwen3.8-27B with a blind second pass (91% of candidates kept); an independent model, gemma4-31b, agrees on 97.2% of test items, and the largest character 5-gram similarity between any test text and any training text is 0.33. A leaderboard of 13 systems gives 61.2% for the English-root checkpoint, 77.3% for the shipped multilingual one and 96.6% for the best fine-tune; TF-IDF with logistic regression reaches 91.9%. On four withheld languages the three multilingual systems score 77%, 90% and 93%. On code-mixed text the English root (85%) is nominally ahead of the shipped multilingual checkpoint (79%; p=0.134). The split resolves differences only above about 4 points. All texts and labels are LLM-generated.

cs.CL · cs.AI

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首次观测 · 记录 #1ACL Anthology · ACL 2026:acl:2026.acl-long.1962ACL Anthology · ACL 2026

Empowering Multi-Turn Tool-Integrated Agentic Reasoning with Group Turn Policy Optimization

Yifeng Ding Meta FAIR and Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Hung Le, Songyang Han NVIDIA, Kangrui Ruan AWS AI Lab, Zhenghui Jin NVIDIA, Varun Kumar Amazon, Zijian Wang Meta Superintelligence Labs, Anoop Deoras

原文摘要

Training Large Language Models (LLMs) for multi-turn Tool-Integrated Reasoning (TIR) – where models iteratively reason, generate code, and verify through execution – remains challenging for existing reinforcement learning (RL) approaches. Current RL methods, exemplified by Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO), suffer from coarse-grained, trajectory-level rewards that provide insufficient learning signals for complex multi-turn interactions, leading to training stagnation. To address this issue, we propose Group Turn Policy Optimization (GTPO), a novel RL algorithm specifically designed for training LLMs on multi-turn TIR tasks. GTPO introduces three key innovations: (1) turn-level reward assignment that provides fine-grained feedback for individual turns, (2) return-based advantage estimation where normalized discounted returns are calculated as advantages, and (3) self-supervised reward shaping that exploits self-supervision signals from generated code to densify sparse binary outcome-based rewards. Our comprehensive evaluation demonstrates that GTPO outperforms GRPO by 3.0% across diverse math reasoning benchmarks, establishing its effectiveness. GTPO also improves GRPO by 3.9% on commonsense reasoning and program synthesis tasks, demonstrating its generalizability to non-math domains. Importantly, GTPO incurs negligible overhead, ensuring its practicality for real-world scenarios.

cs.CL · cs.AI

Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表

首次观测 · 记录 #1ACL Anthology · ACL 2026:acl:2026.acl-long.2142ACL Anthology · ACL 2026

CEBC: Conformal Evidence-Bounded Control for Low-Hallucination Vision–Language Generation

Ashish Mishra hewlett packard enterprise, Tarun Kumar, Arpit Shah Gujarat Technological University Ahmedabad, Suparna Bhattacharya Hewlett Packard Enterprise, Martin Foltin Hewlett Packard Enterprise

原文摘要

Hallucinated object mentions remain a persistent failure mode of vision–language models (VLMs) across generation tasks such as image captioning and visual question answering: outputs may be fluent yet include entities not supported by visual evidence. Existing mitigation approaches often reduce hallucinations at the cost of degraded generation quality or require expensive retraining and task-specific supervision. We introduce CEBC, a lightweight, training-free framework for low-hallucination vision–language generation based on conformal evidence-bounded minimal editing. CEBC first produces a strong base output (via greedy decoding or best-of-K sampling), then applies an evidence-bounded editing step that minimally revises or suppresses unsupported object mentions using constraints derived from an external visual detector. Crucially, the evidence threshold is conformally calibrated on a small held-out set via quantiles of detector confidence scores, enabling explicit and controllable hallucination risk at test time.To balance factuality and informativeness, we further introduce a risk-first, quality-aware selection rule that prioritizes evidence-consistent generations while regularizing unnecessary length or lexical drift. Extensive experiments on MS-COCO and GQA for image captioning, and POPE for VQA evaluation across multiple VLMs demonstrate that CEBC consistently reduces hallucination rates(CHAIR_S, CHAIR_I, POPE) while maintaining or improving standard generation quality metrics (CIDEr, BLEU, CLIPScore). CEBC establishes a stronger factuality–quality Pareto frontier without any additional model training or access to paired supervision beyond an off-the-shelf detector.

cs.CL · cs.CV

Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表

首次观测 · 记录 #1ACL Anthology · ACL 2026:acl:2026.acl-long.607ACL Anthology · ACL 2026

CODESTRUCT: Code Agents over Structured Action Spaces

Myeongsoo Kim Amazon, Chao-Chun Hsu Amazon, Dingmin Wang Amazon, Shweta Garg, Varun Kumar Amazon, Murali Krishna Ramanathan Amazon

原文摘要

LLM-based code agents treat repositories as unstructured text, applying edits through brittle string matching that frequently fails due to formatting drift or ambiguous patterns. We propose reframing the codebase as a structured action space where agents operate on named AST entities rather than text spans. Our framework, CodeStruct, provides readCode for retrieving complete syntactic units and editCode for applying syntax-validated transformations to semantic program elements. Evaluated on SWE-Bench Verified across six LLMs, CodeStruct improves Pass@1 accuracy by 1.2-5.0% while reducing token consumption by 12-38% for most models. Models that frequently fail to produce valid patches under text-based interfaces benefit most: GPT-5-nano improves by 20.8% as empty-patch failures drop from 46.6% to 7.2%. On CodeAssistBench, we observe consistent accuracy gains (+0.8-4.4%) with cost reductions up to 33%. Our results show that structure-aware interfaces offer a more reliable foundation for code agents.

cs.CL

Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表

首次观测 · 记录 #1ACL Anthology · ACL 2026:acl:2026.acl-long.786ACL Anthology · ACL 2026

SpecAgent: A Speculative Retrieval and Forecasting Agent for Code Completion

George Ma University of California, Berkeley, Anurag Koul Amazon, Qi Chen Amazon, Yawen Wu Amazon, Sachit Kuhar Amazon, Yu Yu Hark and Amazon, Aritra Sengupta Amazon, Varun Kumar Amazon 等 9 位作者

原文摘要

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at code-related tasks but often struggle in realistic software repositories, where project-specific APIs and cross-file dependencies are crucial. Retrieval-augmented methods mitigate this by injecting repository context at inference time. Low inference time latency budget either affects retrieval quality or the added latency impacts user experience adversely. We address this limitation with SpecAgent, an agent that enhances both latency and code-generation quality by proactively exploring repository files during indexing and constructing speculative context that anticipates future edits in each file. This indexing-time asynchrony allows thorough context computation masking latency and the speculative nature of the context improves code-generation quality. Additionally, we identify the problem of future context leakage in existing benchmarks, which can inflate reported performance. To address this, we construct a synthetic, leakage-free benchmark that enables a more realistic evaluation of our agent against baselines. Experiments show that SpecAgent consistently achieves absolute gains of 9–11% (48–58% relative) compared to the best-performing baselines, while significantly reducing inference latency.

cs.CL

Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表