Sentence-level scientific claim verification determines whether each sentence in an AI-generated scientific paragraph is supported by a given multimodal evidence bundle. Fine-grained reporting errors often preserve fluent and plausible statements while introducing subtle evidence-claim deviations, making them difficult to detect under sparse and imbalanced supervision. We propose Pattern Perturbation Augmentation (PPA), which models reporting errors as label-specific faithfulness breaking transformations and induces reusable error patterns from labeled examples. PPA applies these patterns to supported claims to construct controlled hard negatives and expands their coverage through pattern-level, operation-level, and cross-domain augmentation. Based on these augmented views, we develop ScienceJudge, which integrates PPA-trained vision-language predictors and instruction-guided LLM predictors through class-weighted ensemble inference. On the local development set, ScienceJudge improves the average score from 0.8124 to 0.8692, achieving a Macro-F1 of 0.8466 and a Paragraph Exact Match score of 0.8919. Our submitted system ranks first on the official NLPCC 2026 Task 10 Track 1 leaderboard with a final score of 0.6890.
Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly explored for mental health support, yet existing benchmarks primarily focus on supportive capabilities rather than whether models consistently adhere to professional ethical boundaries. This issue is particularly important in multi-turn interactions, where users may introduce new information or exert emotional pressure over time. We introduce MindEth-Bench, a benchmark for evaluating ethical boundary adherence in multi-turn mental health interactions. Grounded in professional ethical standards for mental health services in China, MindEth-Bench covers multiple dimensions of ethical conduct and uses Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) to systematically explore interaction trajectories that stress-test model boundaries. Experiments across nine LLMs show that models that initially respond appropriately can shift toward ethical violations over extended interactions, with substantial variation across models and ethical dimensions. These results show that single-turn evaluations may overestimate the ethical reliability of LLM-based mental health support systems and highlight the need to evaluate ethical behavior throughout multi-turn interaction.
Shenghao Ye University of Science and Technology of China, Yu Guo University of Science and Technology of China, Dong Jin, Yuxiang Wang, Yikai Shen University of Science and Technology of China, Yunpeng Hou, Shuangwu Chen, Jianyang University of Science and Technology of China 等 9 位作者
Table question answering (TableQA) is a fundamental task in natural language processing (NLP). The strong reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) have brought significant advances in this field. However, as real-world applications involve increasingly complex questions and larger tables, substantial noisy data is introduced, which severely degrades reasoning performance. To address this challenge, we focus on improving two core capabilities: Relevance Filtering, which identifies and retains information truly relevant to reasoning, and Table Pruning, which reduces table size while preserving essential content. Based on these principles, we propose EnoTab, a dual denoising framework for complex questions and large-scale tables. Specifically, we first perform Evidence-based Question Denoising by decomposing the question into minimal semantic units and filtering out those irrelevant to answer reasoning based on consistency and usability criteria. Then, we propose Evidence Tree-guided Table Denoising, which constructs an explicit and transparent table pruning path to remove irrelevant data step by step. At each pruning step, we observe the intermediate state of the table and apply a post-order node rollback mechanism to handle abnormal table states, ultimately producing a highly reliable sub-table for final answer reasoning. Finally, extensive experiments show that EnoTab achieves outstanding performance on TableQA tasks with complex questions and large-scale tables, confirming its effectiveness.
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cs.CL
Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表
Fan Gao, Sherry T. Tong, Jiwoong Sohn ETHZ - ETH Zurich, Jiahao Huang, Junfeng Jiang National Institute of Informatics, Ding Xia The University of Tokyo, Piyalitt Ittichaiwong, Kanyakorn Veerakanjana 等 14 位作者
While reasoning-enhanced large language models perform strongly on English medical tasks, a persistent multilingual gap remains, with substantially weaker reasoning in local languages, limiting equitable global medical deployment. To bridge this gap, we introduce Med-CoReasoner, a language-informed co-reasoning framework that elicits parallel English and local-language reasoning, abstracts them into structured concepts, and integrates local clinical knowledge into an English logical scaffold via concept-level alignment and retrieval. This design combines the structural robustness of English reasoning with the practice-grounded expertise encoded in local languages. To evaluate multilingual medical reasoning beyond multiple-choice settings, we construct MultiMed-X, a benchmark covering seven languages with expert-annotated long-form question answering and natural language inference tasks, comprising 350 instances per language. Experiments across three benchmarks show that Med-CoReasoner improves multilingual reasoning performance by an average of 5%, with particularly substantial gains in low-resource languages. Moreover, model distillation and expert evaluation analysis further confirm that Med-CoReasoner produces clinically sound and culturally grounded reasoning traces.
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cs.CL
Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表
Chengran Yang, Ting Zhang Monash University, Jinfeng Jiang Singapore Management University, Xin Zhou, Haoye Tian, Mingzhe Du Nanyang Technological University and National University of Singapore, Jieke Shi Singapore Management University, Junkai Chen 等 12 位作者
The rapid accumulation of software vulnerabilities has outpaced manual remediation, creating an urgent need for Automated Vulnerability Repair (AVR). However, existing methods suffer from syntactic overfitting, mimicking surface forms without understanding the underlying repair logic, and fail to generalize to complex fixes. To transcend these limitations, we propose SeCuRepair, a reliable, scalable, and efficient RL-based AVR framework. By introducing a semantic-aware reward, SeCuRepair optimizes for code semantic equivalence rather than lexical mimicry. Furthermore, SeCuRepair incorporates an expert-aligned reasoning mechanism that explicitly grounds patch generation in a structured diagnosis. Finally, SeCuRepair introduces a difficulty-based curriculum that progressively disentangles the optimization barriers of entangled multi-hunk repairs. Extensive evaluations on a rigorous repository-level split show that SeCuRepair substantially outperforms state-of-the-art baselines, as confirmed by both automatic evaluation and human study.
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cs.CL
Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表
Feng Jiang Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, Zhiyu Lin, Yiyang Liu Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, Liumeng Xue, Fan Bu, Yuhao Du, Xiangying Chen, Benyou Wang The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 等 9 位作者
Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have fundamentally reshaped speech-to-speech (S2S) systems, enabling increasingly natural spoken interaction. However, existing benchmarks still rely heavily on text-based evaluation and largely ignore paralinguistic cues such as prosody, emotion, and speaker traits, which are central to expressive and human-like communication. We introduce S2S-Arena, a speech-native benchmark for evaluating instruction-following S2S models with explicit assessment of both semantic understanding and paralinguistic expression. S2S-Arena features a four-level interaction protocol that systematically probes models under increasing paralinguistic complexity, a two-stage data construction pipeline that produces 1,243 speech samples spanning 100+ real-world tasks, and an arena-style evaluation framework that enables reference-free, pairwise comparison directly in the speech modality. Benchmarking 10 state-of-the-art S2S systems over 1,000+ comparisons reveals substantial performance gaps (especially under complex paralinguistic demands) between current academic and industrial systems. Our analysis further identifies key design factors governing expressive instruction following, providing actionable insights for building more natural, robust, and human-aligned speech agents.
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cs.CL
Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表
Xin Chen Nanjing University, Feng Jiang Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, Yiqian Zhang, Hardy Chen, Shuo Yan University of Texas at Dallas, Wenya Xie University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Min Yang, Shujian Huang Nanjing University
Reasoning-oriented Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable progress with Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting, yet they remain fundamentally limited by a blind self-thinking paradigm: performing extensive internal reasoning even when critical information is missing or ambiguous. We propose Proactive Interactive Reasoning (PIR), a new reasoning paradigm that transforms LLMs from passive solvers into proactive inquirers that interleave reasoning with clarification. Unlike existing search- or tool-based frameworks that primarily address knowledge uncertainty by querying external environments, PIR targets premise- and intent-level uncertainty through direct interaction with the user. PIR is implemented via two core components: (1) an uncertainty-aware supervised fine-tuning procedure that equips models with interactive reasoning capability, and (2) a user-simulator-based policy optimization framework driven by a composite reward that aligns model behavior with user intent. Extensive experiments on mathematical reasoning, code generation, and document editing demonstrate that PIR consistently outperforms strong baselines, achieving up to 32.70% higher accuracy, 22.90% higher pass rate, and 41.36 BLEU improvement, while reducing nearly half of the reasoning computation and unnecessary interaction turns. Further reliability evaluations on factual knowledge, question answering, and missing-premise scenarios confirm the strong generalization and robustness of PIR.
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cs.CL
Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表
Jingping Liu SUN YAT-SEN UNIVERSITY, Xingchen Peng, Yan Zhou, Ziyan Liu, Jie Zhai, Ronghao Chen QuantaAlpha, Huacan Wang QuantaAlpha, Xiaofeng Jia Bowling Green State University
Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in recent years, yet their ability to perform left–right reasoning in mirror contexts—a fundamental element of spatial cognition—remains underexplored. To address this gap, we introduce MirrorQA, a manually constructed benchmark with 5,549 samples, designed to evaluate MLLMs’ capability to distinguish left from right from a subject-centered perspective. MirrorQA is built through a three-stage pipeline (annotation, verification, and final review) to ensure high-quality labeling. Comprehensive evaluations on both open- and closed-source MLLMs show that even the best-performing models achieve only 65.40% accuracy, far below the 99.28% accuracy of humans. These results highlight substantial challenges in current MLLMs when reasoning about left and right, and point to promising directions for future research. MirrorQA and its code are publicly available at anonymous link https://github.com/stargazer-zeno/MirrorQA.
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cs.CL · cs.CV
Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表
Kuang Wang, Xianfei Li, Shenghao Yang, Li Zhou, Feng Jiang, Haizhou Li
User simulators are crucial for replicating human interactions with dialogue systems, supporting both collaborative training and automatic evaluation, especially for large language models (LLMs). However, current role-playing methods face challenges such as a lack of utterance-level authenticity and user-level diversity, often hindered by role confusion and dependence on predefined profiles of well-known figures. In contrast, direct simulation focuses solely on text, neglecting implicit user traits like personality and conversation-level consistency. To address these issues, we introduce the User Simulator with Implicit Profiles (USP), a framework that infers implicit user profiles from human-machine interactions to simulate personalized and realistic dialogues. We first develop an LLM-driven extractor with a comprehensive profile schema, then refine the simulation using conditional supervised fine-tuning and reinforcement learning with cycle consistency, optimizing at both the utterance and conversation levels. Finally, a diverse profile sampler captures the distribution of real-world user profiles. Experimental results show that USP outperforms strong baselines in terms of authenticity and diversity while maintaining comparable consistency. Additionally, using USP to evaluate LLM on dynamic multi-turn aligns well with mainstream benchmarks, demonstrating its effectiveness in real-world applications.