Large language models have made rapid progress in generating machine-checked proofs for well-defined mathematical problems. Extending this progress to research mathematics requires more than solving isolated theorems. Research involves choosing questions, developing definitions and conjectures, connecting results, and combining formal proofs with expert judgment. This survey examines how LLM-driven systems can support these broader activities. We review formal-mathematics tasks, datasets, and autoformalization, and organize proof-generation methods into three overlapping areas: training strategies, inference-time search and adaptation, and agentic workflows. We then examine benchmark results, selected research projects, and platforms for collaborative mathematical work. A central distinction runs throughout the survey: checking a formal proof does not by itself establish that it captures the intended problem or makes a new mathematical contribution. We therefore distinguish theorem benchmarks, repository tasks, formalization projects, and research claims, and discuss the evidence needed to assess each. Finally, we identify five priorities for progress: better data and evaluation, representations of mathematical relationships, conjecture and concept generation, reliable tool integration, and human--AI collaboration. Together, these perspectives connect advances in proof generation to the practical demands of mathematical research.
Training language models in simulation for psychiatric intake
Samuel Schmidgall, Tim Strother, Alex Bijamov, Min Woo Sun, Anil Palepu, Akshay Goel, Ulysse Marteau-Ferey, Théo Moutakanni 等 56 位作者
AI 速览：作者报告，在模拟环境中进行多轮强化学习训练，可提升语言模型在结构化精神科接诊中的表现，包括病史采集、鉴别诊断和初始管理计划。
In psychiatric practice, the clinical intake interview remains a primary diagnostic instrument, requiring the clinician to establish rapport while disentangling complex, overlapping presentations. Here, we show that multi-turn reinforcement learning (RL) in simulation environments improves language model performance on structured text-based psychiatric intake, spanning history-taking, differential diagnosis, and initial management planning. In a randomized, double-blind crossover study ($N = 60$ matched scenario pairs, 120 encounters) comparing the RL-trained agent against its identically prompted base model, 32 board-certified psychiatrists role-played standardized patients while a separate panel of 15 independent, board-certified psychiatrists scored the de-identified transcripts. The trained agent outperformed the base model in 76.7% of matched scenario pairs ($p < 0.0001$), with gains on an adapted clinical-examination rubric ($d_z = 0.77$, $p < 0.0001$), patient-centered communication (82.0% vs. 65.2%, $p < 0.001$), and differential diagnosis appropriateness (68.3% vs. 33.3%, $p < 0.001$). Across 127 psychiatrist-validated simulated intake scenarios, the trained agent nearly doubled its base model's clinical rubric score (0.706 vs. 0.379; composite reward 0.564 vs. 0.294, $p < 0.0001$). To systematically probe conversational safety, we established two Delphi-consensus taxonomies, of clinical safety risks and relational competencies, from which 256 challenging adversarial presentations were derived; we find that training in simulation environments more than halved under-triage of acute safety risks (12.9% vs. 30.5%, $p < 0.0001$). Simulation environments thus provide a controlled testbed for training and stress-testing psychiatric conversational agents, with gains that transferred to psychiatrist-enacted encounters, though residual gaps require safeguards and clinician oversight.
The advancement of speech technology has predominantly favored high-resource languages, creating a significant digital divide for speakers of most Sub-Saharan African languages. To address this gap, we introduce WAXAL, a large-scale, openly accessible speech dataset for 24 languages representing over 100 million speakers. The collection consists of two main components: an Automated Speech Recognition (ASR) dataset containing approximately 1,250 hours of transcribed, natural speech from a diverse range of speakers, and a Text-to-Speech (TTS) dataset with around 235 hours of high-quality, single-speaker recordings reading phonetically balanced scripts. This paper details our methodology for data collection, annotation, and quality control, which involved partnerships with four African academic and community organizations. We provide a detailed statistical overview of the dataset and discuss its potential limitations and ethical considerations. The WAXAL datasets are released at https://huggingface.co/datasets/google/WaxalNLP under the permissive CC-BY-4.0 license to catalyze research, enable the development of inclusive technologies, and serve as a vital resource for the digital preservation of these languages.
Shayne Longpre, Sneha Kudugunta, Niklas Muennighoff, I-Hung Hsu, Isaac Caswell, Alex Pentland, Sercan Arik, Chen-Yu Lee 等 9 位作者
Scaling laws research has focused overwhelmingly on English -- yet the most prominent AI models explicitly serve billions of international users. In this work, we undertake the largest multilingual scaling laws study to date, totaling 774 multilingual training experiments, spanning 10M-8B model parameters, 400+ training languages and 48 evaluation languages. We introduce the Adaptive Transfer Scaling Law (ATLAS) for both monolingual and multilingual pretraining, which outperforms existing scaling laws' out-of-sample generalization often by more than 0.3 R^2. Our analyses of the experiments shed light on multilingual learning dynamics, transfer properties between languages, and the curse of multilinguality. First, we derive a cross-lingual transfer matrix, empirically measuring mutual benefit scores between 38 x 38=1444 language pairs. Second, we derive a language-agnostic scaling law that reveals how to optimally scale model size and data when adding languages without sacrificing performance. Third, we identify the computational crossover points for when to pretrain from scratch versus finetune from multilingual checkpoints. We hope these findings provide the scientific foundation for democratizing scaling laws across languages, and enable practitioners to efficiently scale models -- beyond English-first AI.
Understanding charts requires models to jointly reason over geometric visual patterns, structured numerical data, and natural language -- a capability where current vision-language models (VLMs) remain limited. We introduce ChartNet, a high-quality, million-scale multimodal dataset designed to advance chart interpretation and reasoning. ChartNet leverages a novel code-guided synthesis pipeline to generate 1.5 million diverse chart samples spanning 24 chart types and 6 plotting libraries. Each sample consists of five aligned components: plotting code, rendered chart image, data table, natural language summary, and question-answering with reasoning, providing fine-grained cross-modal alignment. To capture the full spectrum of chart comprehension, ChartNet additionally includes specialized subsets encompassing human annotated data, real-world data, safety, and grounding. Moreover, a rigorous quality-filtering pipeline ensures visual fidelity, semantic accuracy, and diversity across chart representations. Fine-tuning on ChartNet consistently improves results across benchmarks, demonstrating its utility as large-scale supervision for multimodal models. As the largest open-source dataset of its kind, ChartNet aims to support the development of foundation models with robust and generalizable capabilities for data visualization understanding. The dataset is publicly available at https://huggingface.co/datasets/ibm-granite/ChartNet
尚无 AI 解读，展示原文摘要
cs.CV · cs.CL
Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · 2026 · 正式发表
Video-language models (VLMs) learn to reason about the dynamic visual world through natural language. We introduce a suite of open datasets, benchmarks, and recipes for scalable oversight that enable precise video captioning. First, we define a structured specification for describing subjects, scenes, motion, spatial, and camera dynamics, grounded by hundreds of carefully defined visual primitives developed with professional video creators such as filmmakers. Next, to curate high-quality captions, we introduce a critique-based human-AI (CHAI) oversight framework, where trained human experts provide correctional critiques to revise model-generated pre-captions into improved post-captions. This division of labor improves annotation accuracy and efficiency by offloading text generation to models, allowing humans to better focus on verification. Additionally, these critiques and preferences between pre- and post-captions provide rich supervision for improving open-source models (Qwen3-VL) on caption generation, reward modeling, and critique generation through SFT, DPO, and inference-time scaling. Our ablations show that critique quality in precision, recall, and constructiveness, ensured by our oversight framework, directly governs downstream performance. With modest expert supervision, the resulting model outperforms even closed-source models such as Gemini-3.1-Pro. Finally, we apply our approach to re-caption large-scale professional videos (e.g., films, commercials, games) and fine-tune video generation models such as Wan to better follow detailed prompts of up to 400 words, achieving finer control over cinematography including camera motion, angle, lens, focus, point of view, and framing. Overall, our results show that precise specification and human-AI oversight are key to achieving professional-level video understanding and generation.
尚无 AI 解读，展示原文摘要
cs.CV · cs.CL
Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · 2026 · 正式发表
Sumaya Ahmed Salihs, Isaac Wiafe, Jamal-Deen Abdulai, Elikem Doe Atsakpo, Gifty Ayoka, Richard Cave, Akon Obu Ekpezu, Catherine Holloway 等 10 位作者
This study presents an approach for collecting speech samples to build Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) models for impaired speech, particularly, low-resource languages. It aims to democratize ASR technology and data collection by developing a "cookbook" of best practices and training for community-driven data collection and ASR model building. As a proof-of-concept, this study curated the first open-source dataset of impaired speech in Akan: a widely spoken indigenous language in Ghana. The study involved participants from diverse backgrounds with speech impairments. The resulting dataset, along with the cookbook and open-source tools, are publicly available to enable researchers and practitioners to create inclusive ASR technologies tailored to the unique needs of speech impaired individuals. In addition, this study presents the initial results of fine-tuning open-source ASR models to better recognize impaired speech in Akan.
Gemini Team, Petko Georgiev, Ving Ian Lei, Ryan Burnell, Libin Bai, Anmol Gulati, Garrett Tanzer, Damien Vincent 等 1137 位作者
In this report, we introduce the Gemini 1.5 family of models, representing the next generation of highly compute-efficient multimodal models capable of recalling and reasoning over fine-grained information from millions of tokens of context, including multiple long documents and hours of video and audio. The family includes two new models: (1) an updated Gemini 1.5 Pro, which exceeds the February version on the great majority of capabilities and benchmarks; (2) Gemini 1.5 Flash, a more lightweight variant designed for efficiency with minimal regression in quality. Gemini 1.5 models achieve near-perfect recall on long-context retrieval tasks across modalities, improve the state-of-the-art in long-document QA, long-video QA and long-context ASR, and match or surpass Gemini 1.0 Ultra's state-of-the-art performance across a broad set of benchmarks. Studying the limits of Gemini 1.5's long-context ability, we find continued improvement in next-token prediction and near-perfect retrieval (>99%) up to at least 10M tokens, a generational leap over existing models such as Claude 3.0 (200k) and GPT-4 Turbo (128k). Finally, we highlight real-world use cases, such as Gemini 1.5 collaborating with professionals on completing their tasks achieving 26 to 75% time savings across 10 different job categories, as well as surprising new capabilities of large language models at the frontier; when given a grammar manual for Kalamang, a language with fewer than 200 speakers worldwide, the model learns to translate English to Kalamang at a similar level to a person who learned from the same content.
Sneha Kudugunta, Isaac Caswell, Biao Zhang, Xavier Garcia, Christopher A. Choquette-Choo, Katherine Lee, Derrick Xin, Aditya Kusupati 等 11 位作者
We introduce MADLAD-400, a manually audited, general domain 3T token monolingual dataset based on CommonCrawl, spanning 419 languages. We discuss the limitations revealed by self-auditing MADLAD-400, and the role data auditing had in the dataset creation process. We then train and release a 10.7B-parameter multilingual machine translation model on 250 billion tokens covering over 450 languages using publicly available data, and find that it is competitive with models that are significantly larger, and report the results on different domains. In addition, we train a 8B-parameter language model, and assess the results on few-shot translation. We make the baseline models available to the research community.