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版本更新 · v2arXiv:2610.41697

TSBPO: Tree-Structured Branching for Policy Optimization in Interactive Language Agents

Rui Yu, Chong Mu, Jinchuan Zhang

原文摘要

Terminal feedback in multi-turn agent training leaves both rollout allocation and local credit underdetermined. Dynamics-Predictive Sampling (DPS) [9] provides a task-level predictive sampling reference, but interactive agents also need to choose which visited states merit further continuations. We introduce TSBPO with two method components. A lightweight, fine-grained Root/Branch budget allocator distributes factual rollouts across tasks and additional suffixes across replayable states using likelihood-fitted estimates of terminal-outcome contrast. On the resulting physical rollout trees, a tree-aware step-level credit assignment algorithm compares immediate sibling segments and assigns their local outcome contrasts to the turns they contain. Exact task/observation groups provide a complementary step term. The allocator selects what to sample; observed outcomes determine the subsequent credit. With a Qwen2.5-1.5B actor, fixed checkpoints attain 97.79% seen and 96.64% unseen stochastic success on ALFWorld, and an 81.07% per-episode success rate over six stochastic episodes for each of the 500 WebShop test goals. At the WebShop update-100 checkpoint, removing the observation-group step term yields 75.93% under the same evaluation. These results describe the evaluated training configurations on two interactive benchmarks.

cs.AI · cs.CL · cs.LG

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首次观测 · 记录 #1ACL Anthology · ACL 2026:acl:2026.acl-long.1381ACL Anthology · ACL 2026

From Language to Driving: A Dual-Loop SLM-Enhanced Framework for Multi-Planner Scheduling via a Domain-Specific Language

Jiawei Liu, Xun Gong Jilin University, China, Muli Yang A*STAR, Xingrui Yu Institute of High Performance Computing, Singapore, A*STAR, Fen Fang, Xulei Yang I2R, A*STAR, Ivor Tsang, Yunfeng hu 等 10 位作者

原文摘要

Advancing from usable to collaborative autonomy requires driving systems to execute passenger instructions safely and reliably. This work formulates instruction realization as scheduling across multiple motion planners and presents a dual-loop framework that provides a transparent decision chain from natural language to vehicle control. The outer loop uses a small language model (SLM) for high-level, low-frequency semantic reasoning and schedule generation, while the inner loop performs low-level, high-frequency schedule execution and vehicle control. To compensate for the SLM’s limited capacity, the framework integrates receding-horizon scheduling to segment long-horizon instruction tasks, a domain-specific language (DSL) that restricts SLM outputs to a scheduling-oriented subspace, and reinforcement learning in high-fidelity urban traffic to refine the SLM’s DSL proficiency and scheduling performance. Experiments show that the framework improves instruction-completion rates while maintaining high safety and compliance relative to multiple baselines.

cs.CL

Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表

首次观测 · 记录 #1ACL Anthology · ACL 2026:acl:2026.acl-long.1436ACL Anthology · ACL 2026

Rethinking Entropy Interventions in RLVR: An Entropy Change Perspective

Zhezheng Hao, Hong Wang, Haoyang Liu, Jian Luo State University of New York at Stony Brook, Jiarui Yu Tencent, Hande Dong, Qiang Lin, Can Wang 等 9 位作者

原文摘要

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) serves as a cornerstone technique for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, its training is often plagued by entropy collapse, a rapid decline in policy entropy that limits exploration and undermines training effectiveness. While recent works attempt to mitigate this issue via several heuristic entropy interventions, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this work, we conduct comprehensive theoretical and empirical analyses of entropy dynamics in RLVR, offering two main insights: (1) We derive a tight approximation for token-level entropy change at each update step, revealing four governing factors and providing a unified theoretical framework of how existing methods influence entropy; (2) We reveal a fundamental limitation of recent approaches: they rely on heuristic adjustments to one or two of these factors, leaving other relevant factors unconsidered, thus inherently limiting their effectiveness. Motivated by these findings, we propose STEER, a principled entropy-modulation method that adaptively reweighs tokens based on theoretically-estimated entropy variations. Extensive experiments across six mathematical reasoning and three coding benchmarks demonstrate that STEER effectively mitigates entropy collapse and consistently outperforms state-of-the-art baselines.

cs.CL

Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表

首次观测 · 记录 #1ACL Anthology · ACL 2026:acl:2026.acl-long.529ACL Anthology · ACL 2026

SHAPE: Unifying Safety, Helpfulness and Pedagogy for Educational LLMs

Sihang Zhao, Kangrui Yu, Youliang Yuan The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen, Pinjia He The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Hongyi Wen New York University, Shanghai

原文摘要

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been widely explored in educational scenarios. We identify a critical vulnerability in current educational LLMs, pedagogical jailbreaks, where students use answer-inducing prompts to elicit solutions rather than scaffolded instructions. To enable systematic study, we unify and formalize safe, helpful, and pedagogical behaviors with a knowledge-mastery graph and introduce SHAPE, a benchmark of 9,087 student-question pairs for evaluating tutoring behavior under adversarial pressure. We propose a graph-augmented tutoring pipeline that infers prerequisite concepts from queries, identifies mastery gaps, and routes generation between instructing and problem-solving via explicit gating. Experiments across multiple LLMs show that our method yields significantly improved safety under two pedagogical jailbreak settings, while maintaining near-ceiling helpfulness under the same evaluation protocol. Our code and data are available at https://github.com/MAPS-research/SHaPE

cs.CL

Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表