Yuhao Li Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Haifeng Sun, Xuesong Zhang, Shu Yao, Haoyu Zheng, Yvchuan Wang Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Huazheng Wang, Zirui Zhuang Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications 等 11 位作者
Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have significantly improved code-generation capabilities, particularly through retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) for private libraries. While RAG leverages API documentation to address the scarcity of private code corpora, its performance critically depends on the quality of retrieved examples. Existing approaches often overlook the intrinsic characteristics of these examples, particularly how factors such as complexity, readability, and correctness impact their effectiveness. In this study, we systematically investigate these three critical aspects—complexity, readability, and correctness—and find that optimal examples should exhibit moderate complexity, semantic correctness, and step-by-step execution patterns. Based on these findings, we propose ComboPrompt, a novel example enhancement method that strategically combines existing API examples to improve complexity, refines code structure for readability, and incorporates automated validation ensuring correctness. Extensive evaluations across five private library benchmarks and different LLMs demonstrate that ComboPrompt achieves up to 22% accuracy improvement over baseline approaches. Code is available at Github.
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cs.CL
Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表
Wenting Chen, Guolin Huang, Wenxuan Wang Renmin University of China, Zhongrui Zhu
Despite achieving high accuracy on medical benchmarks, LLMs exhibit the Einstellung Effect in clinical diagnosis—relying on statistical shortcuts rather than patient-specific evidence, causing misdiagnosis in atypical cases. Existing benchmarks fail to detect this critical failure mode. We introduce MedEinst, a counterfactual benchmark with 5,383 paired clinical cases across 49 diseases. Each pair contains a control case and a “trap” case with altered discriminative evidence that flips the diagnosis. We measure susceptibility via Bias Trap Rate—probability of misdiagnosing traps despite correctly diagnosing controls. Evaluation shows frontier models achieve high baseline accuracy but severe bias trap rates. Thus, we propose ECR-Agent, aligning LLM reasoning with Evidence-Based Medicine via two components: (1) Dynamic Causal Inference (DCI) performs structured reasoning through dual-pathway perception, dynamic causal graph reasoning across three levels (association, intervention, counterfactual), and evidence audit for final diagnosis; (2) Critic-Driven Graph Memory Evolution (CGME) iteratively refines the system by storing validated reasoning paths in an exemplar base and consolidating disease-specific knowledge into evolving illness graphs. Source code is to be released.
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cs.CL
Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表
Jiahui Geng Linköping University, Fengyu Cai Technische Universität Darmstadt, Shaobo Cui Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Qing Li Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence, Liangwei Chen Google, Chenyang Lyu Alibaba Group, Haonan Li Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence, Derui Zhu Technical University of Munich 等 11 位作者
Code retrieval is vital to modern software engineering as it boosts reuse and speeds up debugging. However, current benchmarks primarily emphasize functional relevance while neglecting code quality. To address this gap, we introduce CoQuIR, the first large-scale, multilingual benchmark specifically designed to evaluate quality-aware code retrieval across four critical dimensions: correctness, efficiency, security, and maintainability. CoQuIR includes fine-grained quality annotations over 42,725 queries and 134,907 code snippets in 11 programming languages. Evaluating 23 retrievers (both open-source and proprietary) shows that even state-of-the-art models often fail to separate buggy or insecure code from robust counterparts. We further investigate methods for explicitly training retrievers to recognize code quality, demonstrating that quality-aware metrics can be improved without loss of semantic relevance; downstream code generation benefits from these gains. CoQuIR underscores the importance of embedding quality signals into retrieval systems as a crucial component for more trustworthy developer tools.
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cs.CL
Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表
Gemini Team, Petko Georgiev, Ving Ian Lei, Ryan Burnell, Libin Bai, Anmol Gulati, Garrett Tanzer, Damien Vincent 等 1137 位作者
In this report, we introduce the Gemini 1.5 family of models, representing the next generation of highly compute-efficient multimodal models capable of recalling and reasoning over fine-grained information from millions of tokens of context, including multiple long documents and hours of video and audio. The family includes two new models: (1) an updated Gemini 1.5 Pro, which exceeds the February version on the great majority of capabilities and benchmarks; (2) Gemini 1.5 Flash, a more lightweight variant designed for efficiency with minimal regression in quality. Gemini 1.5 models achieve near-perfect recall on long-context retrieval tasks across modalities, improve the state-of-the-art in long-document QA, long-video QA and long-context ASR, and match or surpass Gemini 1.0 Ultra's state-of-the-art performance across a broad set of benchmarks. Studying the limits of Gemini 1.5's long-context ability, we find continued improvement in next-token prediction and near-perfect retrieval (>99%) up to at least 10M tokens, a generational leap over existing models such as Claude 3.0 (200k) and GPT-4 Turbo (128k). Finally, we highlight real-world use cases, such as Gemini 1.5 collaborating with professionals on completing their tasks achieving 26 to 75% time savings across 10 different job categories, as well as surprising new capabilities of large language models at the frontier; when given a grammar manual for Kalamang, a language with fewer than 200 speakers worldwide, the model learns to translate English to Kalamang at a similar level to a person who learned from the same content.