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版本更新 · v2arXiv:2610.30293

EgoHand: Monocular 3D Hand Reconstruction from Egocentric Video

Chao-Yeh Chen, Tiffany Chen, Lin Duan, Tianyi Hu, Yu-Hsiang Huang, Umar Iqbal, Jiefeng Li, Edy Lim 等 15 位作者

原文摘要

We introduce EgoHand, a monocular 3D hand reconstruction model that achieves state-of-the-art performance on egocentric video. Central to our approach is the curation of a high-quality training corpus of 14 million images, combining synthetic data, in-the-wild video, and multi-camera motion capture to balance scene diversity and supervision quality. The model adopts SOMA-Hand as its parametric representation and processes 2D hand crops with a transformer encoder, incorporating camera cues and an auxiliary 2D branch to improve geometric consistency and image alignment. Zero-shot evaluations on HOT3D, ARCTIC, and H2O demonstrate strong out-of-domain generalization, with lower joint-position, root-translation, and acceleration errors than competing baselines at an inference latency of approximately 9.01 ms. A blinded user preference study further shows that participants favor EgoHand's reconstructed hand poses over those from Apple EgoDex and Ropedia Xperience-10M. We release the EgoHand model and source code under the OpenMDW license, allowing free commercial use of the model.

cs.CV · cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.36411

ORBITAL: Optimization of Robust Brain--Computer Inference Through Architecture-Aware Low-Precision Compression

Saim Rehman, Muhammad Shafique

原文摘要

Compact electroencephalography (EEG) decoders enable embedded brain--computer interfaces (BCIs), but compression can alter adversarial robustness without proportional hardware savings. We present ORBITAL, a robustness-constrained framework combining hardware-realizable structured compression, recovery-aware operating-point selection, multi-attack evaluation, and native edge validation. Across nine subjects and three seeds on BCI Competition IV-2a, S25-TRADES achieves the highest observed mean true-union robustness among compressed EEGNet models (23.06% vs 21.27% for standard Full), with 26.27% fewer parameters and 25.10% fewer MACs. Matched controls identify TRADES as the main source of robustness recovery, improving S25 union accuracy by 6.74 percentage points over clean recovery (p=0.0039), while per-example analysis reveals boundary redistribution rather than uniform margin expansion. On Jetson Orin Nano, FP16 compression reduces board energy by up to 16.20% and latency by 8.00%. Despite 99.3% prediction agreement, native INT8 Q/DQ incurs about twice the FP16 latency and energy, demonstrating the need for joint robustness and hardware-aware optimization.

cs.CV · cs.CR · cs.LG · eess.SP

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v3arXiv:2604.13776

Who Gets Flagged? The Pluralistic Evaluation Gap in AI Content Watermarking

Alexander Nemecek, Osama Zafar, Yuqiao Xu, Wenbiao Li, Erman Ayday

原文摘要

Watermarking is becoming the default mechanism for AI content authentication, with governance policies and frameworks referencing it as infrastructure for content provenance. Yet across text, image, and audio modalities, watermark signal strength, detectability, and robustness depend on statistical properties of the content itself, properties that vary systematically across languages, cultural visual traditions, and demographic groups. We examine how this content dependence creates modality-specific pathways to bias. Reviewing the major watermarking benchmarks across modalities, we find that, with one exception, none report performance across languages, cultural content types, or population groups. To address this, we propose three concrete evaluation dimensions for pluralistic watermark benchmarking: cross-lingual detection parity, culturally diverse content coverage, and demographic disaggregation of detection metrics. We argue that watermarking is part of the pluralistic alignment pipeline and should be held to the same evaluation standards. We connect this to governance frameworks currently mandating watermarking deployment without requiring fairness evaluation. Our position is that evaluation must precede deployment, and that the same bias auditing requirements applied to AI models should extend to the verification layer.

cs.CY · cs.CL · cs.CR · cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v3arXiv:2608.28568

SignRR: Retrieve and Refine Real Motion for Sign Language Production

Fidel Omar Tito Cruz, Angie Sanchez Marquina, Summy Farfan, Gissella Bejarano

原文摘要

Sign language production (SLP) aims to generate continuous signing motion from spoken language, often through gloss-to-pose generation. Prior work mainly follows two paradigms. Generative models synthesize motion from a learned prior or from noise, without reference to an observed signing instance, making rare hand configurations and signer-specific articulation difficult to preserve. Retrieval-based methods reuse real, well-articulated motion segments, but concatenating segments from different signers and co-articulation contexts can introduce rhythm and style inconsistencies across the full sequence, not only at segment boundaries. These limitations suggest a complementary solution: use retrieval to provide realistic articulation, and use learned refinement to impose the global coherence that retrieval alone lacks. We therefore propose retrieve-and-refine, a paradigm that starts from real retrieved motion and refines it into a globally coherent signing sequence rather than generating motion from scratch. Our framework, SignRR, initializes motion from a dictionary of real sign segments and refines the full sequence with a part-aware Residual VQ-VAE, where residual quantization preserves fine hand articulation and temporal length differences are handled in the latent space. Experiments on PHOENIX14T and CSL-Daily show that SignRR achieves state-of-the-art back-translation performance while maintaining competitive pose quality.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.36384

SOMA: A Benchmark for Fine-Grained Egocentric Behavior and Body-Motion Understanding

Matea Tashkovska, Naël Ouerghemi, Haozhe Qi, Alexander Mathis

原文摘要

Perceiving human body motion is critical for multimodal systems that understand and assist people. Yet current evaluations of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) largely focus on objects, scenes, and coarse actions, leaving their ability to reason about the body itself poorly assessed. This is especially challenging from the egocentric perspective, in which the body is only partially visible and motion must be inferred from occluded and temporally distributed cues. We introduce SOMA, a benchmark for fine-grained body-motion understanding from egocentric video, comprising 1,632 human-verified questions across three capability axes: body configuration, motion dynamics, and temporal reasoning. We evaluate 37 leading closed-source, open-source, and specialized egocentric MLLMs, complemented by an extensive human evaluation. We find that humans also find this task difficult from video alone (68.5% accuracy), yet clearly outperform the strongest MLLM (Qwen3.6-27B), which reaches 50.0% zero-shot accuracy. Our error analysis shows that MLLMs often misread the wearer's own body, misjudge events in time, and are prone to biases such as favoring the right hand or under-counting repetitions. To narrow the gap to human performance and support further progress, we introduce a training dataset of aligned video, body motion, and language supervision, and a multimodal baseline that jointly learns from these modalities. By identifying common failure modes and missing capabilities in current MLLMs, we hope SOMA will inspire future research on body-motion understanding and multimodal reasoning. Full benchmark, training data, and code will be released at: https://cnai.epfl.ch/soma

cs.CV · cs.AI · cs.CL · q-bio.NC

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2601.01535

Improving Flexible Image Tokenizers for Autoregressive Image Generation

Zixuan Fu, Lanqing Guo, Chong Wang, Binbin Song, Ding Liu, Bihan Wen

原文摘要

Flexible image tokenizers aim to represent an image using an ordered 1D variable-length token sequence. This flexible tokenization is typically achieved through nested dropout, where a portion of trailing tokens is randomly truncated during training, and the image is reconstructed using the remaining preceding sequence. However, this tail-truncation strategy inherently concentrates the image information in the early tokens, limiting the effectiveness of downstream AutoRegressive (AR) image generation as the token length increases. To overcome these limitations, we propose \textbf{ReToK}, a flexible tokenizer with \underline{Re}dundant \underline{Tok}en Padding and Hierarchical Semantic Regularization, designed to fully exploit all tokens for enhanced latent modeling. Specifically, we introduce \textbf{Redundant Token Padding} to activate tail tokens more frequently, thereby alleviating information over-concentration in the early tokens. In addition, we apply \textbf{Hierarchical Semantic Regularization} to align the decoding features of earlier tokens with those from a pre-trained vision foundation model, while progressively reducing the regularization strength toward the tail to allow finer low-level detail reconstruction. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of ReTok: on ImageNet 256$\times$256, our method achieves superior generation performance compared with both flexible and fixed-length tokenizers. Code will be available at: \href{https://github.com/zfu006/ReTok}{https://github.com/zfu006/ReTok}

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.36379

Evaluating Federated Vision-Language and Vision-Only Models for Privacy-Aware Breast Cancer Imaging

Malithi Mithsara Wanniarachchi Kankanamge, Ning Yang, Sree Bash Debnath, Md Zobaer Islam, Abdur R. Shahid

原文摘要

Artificial intelligence (AI) shows promise for breast imaging, but limited labeled data, institutional data fragmentation, and privacy concerns hinder centralized training. We investigate a privacy-aware federated learning framework combining pretrained vision-language models (VLMs) with client-level differential privacy. We compare general-purpose CLIP models, biomedical BiomedCLIP, and an ImageNet-pretrained ViT-B/16 baseline on two public breast imaging datasets, with and without differential privacy. We also evaluate a CLIP ViT-B/16 ablation that removes the text pathway. Evaluation includes patient-level ROC-AUC with bootstrap 95% confidence intervals, baseline comparisons, threshold sensitivity, inter-model agreement, and communication cost. Under federated learning, all five models achieve high normal-versus-sick discrimination (ROC-AUC: 0.940-0.990). However, acquisition year alone achieves 0.974 on the same test partition, raising concerns about confounding rather than genuine pathology recognition. Benign-versus-malignant discrimination remains uncertain (ROC-AUC: 0.504-0.637), with all confidence intervals including 0.50. Removing the text pathway preserves classification accuracy while halving communication cost. Differential privacy reduces ROC-AUC by 0.375, attributable to perturbing the full model state rather than only trainable parameters. These findings highlight the importance of evaluating confounding, predictive reliability, privacy implementation, and deployment efficiency when developing federated AI systems for breast imaging.

cs.CV · cs.CR · cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.36371

BoxWorld: Let World Engines Control and Video Generators Render

Zike Wu, Ahmed Hatem, Chintan Trivedi, Wallace Michel Pinto Lira, Xuebin Qin, Lele Wang, Renjie Liao

原文摘要

We tackle the challenge of building real-time interactive video worlds with user-defined behaviors. Such worlds must track object states, apply interaction rules, and render the resulting consequences as users act. Yet existing end-to-end video world models typically learn interaction dynamics within the generator, making it difficult to specify object-level rules and reason about their consequences. In this work, we introduce BoxWorld, which separates interaction reasoning from generative rendering. Given user-specified rules, a coding agent creates a Box World Engine that determines interaction outcomes and exposes the resulting object states through a lightweight interface of layout boxes, persistent object attributes, and dynamic status variables, leaving appearance and physical effects to generative rendering. A Box-State Generative Renderer then renders this evolving state stream into video autoregressively, enabling online control over object motion, state switches, and conditional events. Rendering this state stream is non-trivial: the renderer must respond to object-level state updates in real time while remaining coherent with the generated history. To this end, we introduce a three-stage training strategy that learns object grounding from open-domain videos and state transitions from gameplay videos, both annotated automatically, and finally performs rollout distillation on self-generated histories. We further propose PairedStateBench, a paired benchmark for fine-grained interaction control. BoxWorld substantially outperforms end-to-end world models and remains competitive across multiple public benchmarks. Project page: https://boxworld-web.github.io.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.36364

When Slides Met Scans: Cross-Attention for Renal Cancer Prognosis

Anusha Krishnamoorthy, Basudha Pal

原文摘要

Histopathology and computed tomography (CT) provide complementary views of renal cancer. We connect these modalities through bidirectional cross-attention between 16 histology prototypes and up to 32 kidney-centered CT tokens from frozen foundation models. In 210 TCGA-KIRC patients with 46 disease-specific survival (DSS) events, 5-fold evaluation yielded a C-index of $0.760\pm0.081$ and 3-year AUROC of 0.773 (95\% CI 0.678--0.860), the highest averages among evaluated unimodal and fusion baselines. External testing in 180 CPTAC-CCRCC patients yielded DSS C-index of 0.629 with CT withheld. Attribution analysis linked predictions to image regions while exposing acquisition artifacts. These findings support further study of cross-scale fusion and independent multimodal validation.

eess.IV · cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.36337

CRLoMTL: Conflict-Resolution through Low-rank matrices for Multi-Task Learning

Ahmed Agiza, Tasneem Shaffee, Rahil Badkul, Sherief Reda

原文摘要

Multi-task learning (MTL) improves model efficiency by sharing representations across related vision tasks, but it often suffers from negative transfer when task updates interfere with one another. Existing conflict-mitigation methods typically operate in gradient space, requiring explicit task-gradient manipulation and additional optimization steps. We propose Conflict-Resolution through Low-Rank Matrices for Multi-Task Learning (CRLoMTL), a parameter-efficient framework that mitigates task interference in the low-rank parameter-update space. CRLoMTL learns task-specific LoRA updates through task-specific passes, where each task updates its own low-rank matrices, and integrates these updates through global shared-subspace fusion. Specifically, we introduce a shared-subspace resolver based on singular value decomposition (SVD), referred to as the SVD resolver, which extracts a common low-dimensional orthonormal basis across task adapters and projects task updates into this shared space before merging them into a single deployment-time update. The resulting update can be folded into the backbone, preserving the inference structure of the original model without additional runtime branches. Experiments with Swin Transformer backbones on PASCAL-Context, NYUD-v2, and CelebA show that CRLoMTL achieves a favorable accuracy-parameter trade-off, improving over single-task baselines by up to 2.77% on PASCAL-Context, 5.03% on NYUD-v2, and 3.50% on CelebA, while training only a small fraction of the parameters used by single-task models.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v4arXiv:2604.10385

GTASA: Ground Truth Annotations for Spatiotemporal Analysis, Evaluation and Training of Video Models

Nicolae Cudlenco, Mihai Masala, Marius Leordeanu

原文摘要

Game engines hold what video models struggle to learn: a complete, explicit world state behind every frame. We turn one into a data instrument. GEST-Engine, our production-grade open-source system, deterministically executes Graphs of Events in Space and Time (GESTs), whether procedurally generated or derived from text, into videos of synchronized multi-actor scenarios, recording ground truth as it renders: 3D entity and camera state, pairwise spatial relations, event-to-frame mappings, instance segmentation, and long descriptions, at zero marginal annotation cost. With it we release GTASA, a 938-video sample of what the system can generate at arbitrary scale, carrying, to our knowledge, the densest spatial-relation coverage of any video dataset: a complete entity-pair relation graph at every frame, ~84x denser than the state of the art, frame-for-frame. We validate GTASA both qualitatively, through human evaluation of physical validity and semantic alignment where frontier neural generators, given the same prompts, largely fail, and quantitatively, with GTASA pretraining improving VideoLLaMA3 video captioning. Probing six frozen video encoders across 11 spatio-temporal tasks enabled by GTASA's exact 3D ground truth, a previously untestable inter-entity relational probe of frozen video features, reveals that who-is-near-whom barely rises above chance for all of them. We release the engine, the corpus, and the benchmark, making this gap a measurable, trainable target.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.36327

Training-Free Inference Acceleration for Video Large Language Models: Methods, Trade-offs, and Evaluation

Yuqi Li, Chuanyue Yan, Neil Rodrigues, Xianglong Wang, Xiaoqin Feng, Junming Liu, Xi Xiao, Zhongwei Cheng 等 11 位作者

原文摘要

Video Large Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in video understanding and reasoning, but processing long visual sequences incurs substantial computational, latency, and memory overhead. This survey examines training-free inference acceleration, focusing on reducing inference costs while preserving task-relevant spatiotemporal evidence. We organize existing methods by their intervention stages in the inference pipeline, covering input, visual encoding, projector, prefill, and decoding. Post-training quantization (PTQ) is discussed separately as a cross-stage extension with varying calibration requirements. We analyze how intervention position affects evidence preservation and computational savings, and why local efficiency improvements may not translate into end-to-end acceleration. We complement this analysis with quantitative evidence from prior studies and our own experiments under a shared evaluation setting to assess accuracy-latency trade-offs.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2608.27860

From Perspective to Fisheye Depth Estimation and Open-Vocabulary Segmentation

Rit Gangopadhyay, Alex Wong

原文摘要

Vision foundation models are capable of generalizing across 3-dimensional (3D) scenes with high-fidelity estimates; their empirical success can be attributed to training on large-scale datasets of perspective images. However, when transferred to wide field-of-view (FoV) images, such as those captured by fisheye cameras, they return erroneous outputs due to a covariate shift stemming from the radial distortion on the image pixels. We propose a method to generalize vision foundation models to fisheye cameras. The crux of our method lies in a set of learnable parameters, termed Distortion Extenders (DEX), that model the fisheye distortion coefficients and the distributional shift between fisheye and perspective images encoded in the latent space. By minimizing a self-supervised alignment loss, DEX transforms the latent embeddings of fisheye images to resemble those of perspective images to recover high-fidelity estimates. DEX is architecture- and task-agnostic: We demonstrate DEX on monocular depth estimation and open-vocabulary segmentation for convolution- and Transformer-based architectures, where we consistently improve over baselines across indoor and outdoor fisheye datasets. As a byproduct, the activations of DEX can also be decoded to distortion coefficients to support camera calibration. Code available at: https://github.com/Suchisrit/DEX.

cs.CV · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.37709

Towards Myocardial Infarction Diagnosis: An Investigation into Machine Learning and Deep Learning Algorithms using ECG Data

Rafid Ahnaf, Husne Mubarak, Fahim Ahsan, G. M. Refatul Islam, Rafeed Rahman, Nabuat Zaman Nahim

原文摘要

Myocardial Infarction (MI) is a severe and potentially fatal cardiac condition caused by myocardial injury due to ischemia, and timely detection can substantially reduce its mortality. Electrocardiography (ECG) is the primary diagnostic modality for MI, but manual interpretation is susceptible to human error. In this work, we propose Visionary V2, a multi-step, adaptive filtration method for ECG signal normalization, and use it to study machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) approaches to MI detection on the PTB Diagnostic ECG Database using all 15 available leads. On statistical features extracted from the filtered signals, such as the R-R interval, a Bagging ensemble of decision trees reaches 96.6% accuracy, compared with 87.7% when the signals are processed with BioSPPy. We further generate an image dataset from the filtered signals, on which a custom ResNet-50 misclassifies only 1 of 7,000 validation images and a custom CNN reaches an F1 score of about 98.7%. Finally, we apply LIME, Grad-CAM and Integrated Gradients to verify that the image models attend to the ECG waveform rather than the background. These results indicate that careful signal normalization combined with ML and DL models can support fast and accurate automated MI screening.

eess.IV · cs.CV · cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2609.38136

CLeaR: A Unified Framework for Resolving the Leakage-Degradation Dilemma in Style Transfer

Teng Zhou, Yunhao Chen

原文摘要

Style transfer aims to render target content in the style of a reference image, but existing methods often suffer from content leakage, where objects, layouts, or semantics from the style reference appear in the generated output. Although prior data-driven and training-free methods can reduce leakage, they often face a leakage-degradation dilemma: stronger content suppression may weaken style fidelity, while richer style preservation may reintroduce unwanted reference content. We identify this dilemma across the full style-transfer pipeline, including feature separation, feature-space grounding, and diffusion generation. To address these issues, we propose CLeaR, a training-free framework for content-leakage-resistant style transfer. CLeaR first uses Orthogonal Subspace Projection to define content-reduced style targets in each vision foundation model (VFM) feature space. It then performs Ensemble Inversion, which optimizes a shared pixel-space style anchor satisfying style constraints across multiple VFMs. Finally, Energy-Guided Calibration maintains style alignment during diffusion sampling by steering the denoising trajectory toward the ensemble-defined style manifold. We further provide a theoretical analysis showing that the style-anchor estimation error decreases with the number of VFMs. Experiments on StyleBench demonstrate that CLeaR improves style alignment, reduces content leakage, and achieves better LLM-as-Judge evaluation compared with existing methods. The code is available at \href{https://github.com/0606zt/CLeaR}{https://github.com/0606zt/CLeaR}.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.36269HF 社区推荐

Cross-modal Steering Vectors Exist Across Both Image and Text Generation

Donghao Zeng, Nishant Subramani, Tamar Rott Shaham, Benno Krojer

原文摘要

Are concepts and mechanisms unified across modalities in current AI models, or instead implemented separately for each one? We operationalize this broad question of modality unification by studying cross-modal steering: 1) finding vectors that successfully steer generation on tokens of one modality, which then 2) transfer zero-shot to steer generation when added to tokens of another modality. Our study goes beyond simple correlational alignment (e.g. representational similarity) because steering is fundamentally causal. We study cross-modal steering in several unified multimodal models (UMMs), since they possess shared parameters for language and image generation, focusing on these two modalities. Across diverse steered concepts such as emotion and object size, we show that steering vectors transfer zero-shot in both directions (text-to-image & image-to-text). Even for concepts that are highly unique to one modality (e.g. formal vs. colloquial language), steering vectors often induce a consistent, interpretable effect in the other modality, such as formal clothing and design. This transfer has a geometric signature too: despite a clear modality gap separating text and image representations, steering vectors with strong cross-modal transferability tend to point in similar directions for the same concept. Our findings shed light on how vision and language interact inside unified multimodal models and point towards more general, modality-agnostic approaches for controlling their behavior.

cs.CV · cs.CL · cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2610.30405

VisCurate: Evaluating Behavioral Equivalence of Visual Skills

Md Farhan Ishraq, Md Farhan Ishmam, Reaz Hassan Joarder, Md Hasanul Kabir

原文摘要

Modern vision-based agents have shifted toward skill-based problem-solving, where a skill is an executable image-to-image operation, e.g., cropping, thresholding, or edge detection. As these skill libraries grow, they accumulate duplicated, mislabeled, and defective skills. The signals normally used to curate them (a skill's name, description, or source code) say little about how the skill visually changes the image. We present VisCurate, a framework and benchmark that curates visual skill libraries from observed execution rather than from text. VisCurate runs each candidate skill pair on a shared probe battery and assigns one of six behavioral relations, each tied to a library edit that is safe to make. The benchmark injects seven defect types into a clean library at controlled rates, producing 300 reproducible instances with ground-truth relations and repairs. While text baselines accept up to five of six false merges on hard negatives, our verifier accepts none and recovers 51.2% of the pairs that are truly mergeable. On two real, uncurated libraries, VisCurate finds that 92% of the skills a package shares with its downstream copy are redundant, while execution confirms only 10 of 17 published equivalence claims. The curation problem also remains open, as the strongest of the nine automated curators recovers only about half of the repairs. We emphasize that visual skill libraries should be curated by behavior, not by description.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.36249

Hierarchical Multimodal Interaction Reasoning for Dyadic Relationship Recognition

Wang Tang, Fethiye Irmak Dogan, Linbo Qing, Ce Zhu, Hatice Gunes

原文摘要

Dyadic relationship recognition aims to identify the latent social relationship between two individuals from their multimodal interactions. Existing methods typically project heterogeneous cues into a shared representation and optimise a flat classification objective, overlooking that relationships may rely on different interaction patterns. For instance, distant relationships can often be inferred from direct behavioural correspondence, whereas close relationships are better reflected by coordinated affective, behavioural, and multimodal responses. To address this limitation, we propose HiRe-DRR, a Hierarchical Multimodal Interaction Reasoning framework that organises relationship evidence from three complementary perspectives: feature level, interaction type, and relationship hierarchy. HiRe-DRR decomposes facial, bodily, acoustic, and textual cues into low- and high-level representations and constructs homogeneous and heterogeneous cross-participant interactions. We further introduce the Mixture-of-Interaction Transformer (MoI-Former), which treats diverse interactions as specialised experts and employs relation-aware sparse routing to identify relationship-relevant evidence while preserving contextual interaction information. The proposed Hierarchical Conditional Loss (HC-Loss) exploits the hierarchical nature of social relationships through coarse-to-fine supervision, enabling structured relationship reasoning. Extensive experiments on three dyadic relationship benchmarks demonstrate that HiRe-DRR outperforms recent representative image-, video-, and multimodal methods. Our routing analysis further reveals that distant relationships tend to rely on low-level homogeneous interactions, whereas closer relationships focus on high-level heterogeneous interactions. Our code is publicly available at: https://github.com/tw-repository/HiRe-DRR.

cs.CV · cs.MM

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v3arXiv:2607.03740

Multimodal Knowledge Aggregation for Microbial Keratitis: Geographic Confounding and Shortcut Risk in Pooled Multicountry Data

Yiqing Wang, Maria A. Woodward, Ziyun Yang, N. Venkatesh Prajna, Chunming He, Leslie M. Niziol, Mercy Pawar, Ming-Chen Lu 等 14 位作者

原文摘要

To develop an open-source multimodal model for bacterial-versus-fungal microbial keratitis classification and assess shortcuts from geographic pooling. Participants: 1,645 US and Indian patients contributed 17,158 slit-lamp images under blue-light, sclerotic-scatter, and white-light illumination. Methods: The model combined cross-modality contrastive learning, modality-specific fine-tuning, and fusion with 7 clinical variables. Diagnoses used smear, culture, and polymerase chain reaction results, with expert review of culture-negative cases. The model and 5 comparators used 5 patient-disjoint outer folds stratified by country and organism, with inner validation. Secondary analyses examined within-country performance, a country-only reference, ablations, and imbalance mitigation. Code: https://github.com/yqwang01/TPMKA. Main Outcome Measures: Patient-level macro-F1, class-specific F1, accuracy, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), overall and by country. Results: The model had the highest overall macro-F1 (83.06%; 95% CI, 81.58-84.56) and accuracy (84.50%; 95% CI, 83.16-85.84) among matched comparators, with 89.9% AUROC (95% CI, 88.7-91.1). Paired differences were not consistently significant. AUROC was 83.9% in India and 67.0% in the US; bacterial F1 in India was 47.78%, and fungal F1 in the US was 40.97%. A country-only reference achieved 81.88% accuracy and 78.2% AUROC overall despite 50.0% AUROC within each country. Resampling and group distributionally robust optimization improved some underrepresented groups without removing the geographic pattern. Conclusions: The model compared favorably with matched methods, but geographic prevalence differences made pooled performance more reassuring than within-country discrimination. Independent geographic validation is needed.

q-bio.QM · cs.CV · eess.IV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v3arXiv:2510.07441

A Closer Look at Evaluation of Text-to-Video Models Under Camera Motion

Nithin C. Babu, Aniruddha Mahapatra, Harsh Rangwani, Rajiv Soundararajan, Kuldeep Kulkarni

原文摘要

Existing text-to-video (T2V) evaluation benchmarks, such as VBench and EvalCrafter, predominantly contain either subject-centric prompts or static camera scenes, overlooking the importance of camera motion, essential for producing cinematic shots with realistic scenes. Due to this, the metrics developed in these works often produce incorrect results in the presence of camera motion. To fill this gap, we introduce DynamicEval, a benchmark comprising of systematically curated prompts that emphasize dynamic camera motion, paired with 45k human annotations on video pairs. DynamicEval evaluates two key dimensions of video quality: the consistency of the foreground subjects and the consistency of the background scene. To address the shortcomings of existing metrics under camera motion, we introduce two novel metrics: 1) Tracker-FG, which evaluates subject consistency by assessing the keypoint tracks of the subject. 2) Debiased Motion Smoothness, for background consistency, devoid from issues of occlusions/disocclusions arising from camera and foreground subject movements. Extensive experiments on the large-scale DynamicEval benchmark demonstrate that our proposed metrics achieve stronger correlations with human preferences at both the video level, and the model level with an increase of 0.32 in average Pearson Linear Correlation.

cs.CV

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版本更新 · v3arXiv:2604.23018

AmaraSpatial-10K: A Spatially and Semantically Aligned 3D Dataset for Spatial Computing and Embodied AI

Mohammad Sadegh Salehi, Alexander J. P. Perkins, Igor Pardo Maurell, Ashkan Dabbagh, Raymond Wong

原文摘要

Web-scale 3D asset collections are abundant but rarely ready to ingest without cleanup, suffering from arbitrary metric scaling, incorrect pivots, brittle geometry, and incomplete textures, defects that limit their use in embodied AI, robotics, and spatial computing. We present AmaraSpatial-10K, a dataset of 10,071 synthetic 3D assets standardised for direct ingestion. Each asset ships as a metric-scaled, deterministically anchored .glb with separated PBR maps, a convex collision hull, a paired reference image, and multi-sentence text metadata. Alongside the dataset we introduce a reusable evaluation suite for 3D asset banks, a continuous Scale Plausibility Score (SPS), a keyword-based Concept Density metric, anchor-error auditing, and a cross-modal CLIP coherence protocol, and apply it to AmaraSpatial-10K alongside matched subsets of Objaverse, HSSD, ABO, and GSO. We check the annotations independently of the LLM/VLM pipeline that produced them: measured ABO object heights fall inside our scale intervals 88.7-90.7% of the time, and three non-author raters auditing a stratified sample of 314 assets judge 95.5% plausibly scaled and 99.7% correctly anchored. AmaraSpatial-10K improves CLIP Recall@5 by 3.4x over Objaverse (0.612 vs. 0.181, median rank 267 -> 3), achieves a 99.1% settling-stability rate under Habitat-Sim in static placement and collision tests, with ~20x lower per-load wall time, and as a drop-in Holodeck asset bank improves planned-scale matching and is preferred by blinded human raters in 27 of 40 paired scenes. Controlled ablations on the same asset bank attribute the retrieval gain to description richness.

cs.CV · cs.AI · cs.LG

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新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.36210

Diagnosing and Correcting Bias in MLLM for Long Video Understanding

Xusheng Liang, Jianqiao Sun, Hao Zhang, Yulei Niu, Hengshuang Zhao, Jiawei Ma

原文摘要

Long-video question answering is challenging since the answer often hinges on a few decisive moments scattered throughout the video, while memory constraints force Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) to sample frames at extremely low rates, resulting in sparsity that risks omitting key evidence. Though aggressively enlarging the context size is intuitive, we argue that performance remains fundamentally constrained by the bias, \emph{i.e.}, the misleading cues caused by spurious \textit{linguistic} correlations and salient yet irrelevant \textit{visual} observations. In this paper, we first introduce {S-MME}, a benchmark designed to systematically diagnose shortcut-biased behavior in MLLMs. To mitigate this failure, we further propose a training-free framework, Counterfactual Long-video Evidence-Aware Reasoning (CLEAR). By treating the full video-question pair as a complete view, CLEAR estimates bias effects via augmented views by only keeping the question or locally salient visual clips. Then, we intervene hidden states to mitigate the discrepancy at inference such that the correct answer can be predicted confidently. With experimental studies across five benchmarks, we show that our method is generalizable and can be integrated in different MLLMs, yielding consistent gains in prediction and robustness. We hope CLEAR can offer a complementary direction in test-time scaling for long-video understanding.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2606.24021

Token-to-Token Alignment of Text Embeddings for Semantic Blending

Saar Huberman, Ron Mokady, Or Patashnik, Daniel Cohen-Or

原文摘要

In modern generative models, images are specified and controlled through text prompts. In practice, images are generated from sequences of tokens derived from these prompts. However, the space of token sequences lacks a consistent accessible structure: semantically similar images may correspond to sequences that differ in wording, ordering, and placement of concepts, while similar token sequences may encode very different semantics. This apparent lack of structure makes it difficult to perform smooth transitions in this space, hindering applications such as image blending and continuous control of edits. We argue that this limitation stems not from the absence of semantic structure, but from misalignment between representations. To address this misalignment, we introduce Token-to-Token alignment, a framework that establishes explicit semantic correspondence between tokens across prompts. Our approach transforms prompts into a structured representation in which semantically corresponding concepts are mapped to consistent positions across prompts, and then aligns their token embeddings based on semantic similarity. Concretely, the method consists of two stages: a structural alignment that rephrases prompts into a shared structured form, followed by an embedding-level alignment that matches token representations across prompts. With this alignment in place, simple linear interpolation becomes a meaningful operation, producing smooth and coherent semantic transitions and enabling applications such as blending and continuous editing. Our results show that text embedding spaces in text-to-image models implicitly encode a continuous semantic structure that becomes accessible once representations are properly aligned, suggesting that semantic control can be achieved by organizing existing representations rather than modifying the generative model.

cs.CV · cs.GR

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新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.36203

UT-HMR: Uncertainty-Guided Temporal Modeling for Robust 3D Human Mesh Recovery

Zhibo Wang, Sirisha Rambhatla, Yuhao Chen, Maria Koshkina, David Clausi

原文摘要

Monocular 3D human mesh recovery (HMR) remains unreliable under weak observations caused by long camera-to-person distances, occlusion, and motion blur. In challenging scenarios such as sports, these factors make the problem highly ambiguous, as different 3D poses may yield similar 2D projections. This ambiguity is especially severe for one-stage HMR, which recovers all meshes directly from the full image without person crops or external 2D cues. To handle this ambiguity, we present UT-HMR ( Uncertainty-guided Temporal HMR), to our knowledge the first one-stage HMR framework to capture correlated pose uncertainty across joints. Each person query predicts a Gaussian distribution over the full SMPL pose with a compact low-rank-plus-diagonal covariance, which is converted into joint-wise precision weights for heteroscedastic supervision while keeping inference deterministic. Temporal early fusion further injects neighboring-frame evidence before pose decoding, supplying the visual evidence needed to resolve the ambiguity that the uncertainty captures. With a lightweight ViT-B backbone, UT-HMR achieves state-of-the-art results on VIP-HockeyPose-v2 (ice hockey) and WorldPose (soccer), reducing MPJPE, PA-MPJPE, and PVE by up to 4.7%, 3.8%, and 5.6%, and remains competitive on 3DPW against methods with larger backbones and higher input resolutions.

cs.CV

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新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.36192HF 社区推荐

Beyond the Estimate: Wiener-Informed Decoding for Easier Training of Pixel-Space Flow Models

Ziqiao Wang, Yang You

原文摘要

Learning velocity fields directly in pixel space is difficult and slow. We show that coarse second-order image statistics can ease this task: frozen Wiener estimates improve velocity learning, with gains extending beyond the linear predictions they explicitly provide. Moreover, we observe similar but complementary gains from frozen bases and pixel decoding. These observations motivate Wiener-informed Decoding (WiD), which uses statistical knowledge both for direct prediction and to organize decoder computation without modifying native blocks. WiD combines a trainable Wiener prediction path with coefficient interfaces that inject features into the native decoder and return its predicted coefficient corrections, with these components initialized with data statistics. All introduced parameters, including the spectrum and coordinate transforms, are trained jointly under the original pixel-space velocity objective. Across model scales and decoder architectures, WiD accelerates training and improves generation quality with modest parameter overhead. It also yields smoother gradient trajectories and remains effective with representation alignment. WiD improves class-conditional and text-to-image generation across different resolutions. On ImageNet 256 x 256, PixelDiT-XL with WiD reaches FID 1.53 after 500 epochs, achieving comparable quality to PixelDiT with 37.5% fewer training epochs. Statistical denoisers contribute beyond the estimate: their computational structure can also ease pixel-space training.

cs.CV · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.36190

Bayesian Evidence Accumulation for Graph-Based Learning in Dynamic Data-Driven Applications Systems

Moises Ponce, Sarah Harkins Dayton, Ioannis Schizas, Vasileios Maroulas

原文摘要

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are widely used in modern machine learning, yet most existing frameworks remain fundamentally static, limiting their applicability in Dynamic Data Driven Application Systems (DDDAS) where observations arrive sequentially under uncertainty. We introduce B-EAGLe (Bayesian Evidence Accumulation for Graph-Based Learning), a probabilistic framework inspired by CBGT-Net (cortico-basal ganglia-thalamic network) that reformulates graph classification as a sequential evidence accumulation process. B-EAGLe combines a GNN encoder with a Bayesian accumulator that incrementally updates posterior beliefs over class labels as new observations arrive, committing to a decision only when sufficient confidence is achieved. Experiments on CIFAR10 demonstrate competitive performance together with principled confidence estimation under sequential observations.

cs.LG · cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2606.15796

DifFRACT: Diffusion Feature Reconstruction and Attribution for Circuit Tracing

Artyom Mazur, Nina Konovalova, Aibek Alanov

原文摘要

While transcoder-based circuit tracing has recently enabled detailed causal analyses of large language models, it remains unclear how semantic information propagates across denoising steps and how text and image representations interact within multimodal diffusion transformers (MM-DiT) for image generation. Attention maps expose only a limited view of token interactions, and sparse autoencoders find interpretable features but do not reveal how nonlinear MLP layers transform and compose them. In this work, we extend transcoder-based circuit tracing to multimodal diffusion transformers. We train timestep-conditioned transcoders that faithfully approximate the input-output behavior of the MLP sublayers in the double-stream blocks of FLUX.1[schnell]. By replacing MLPs with transcoders and linearizing the remaining computation, we obtain exact feature-to-feature attribution and build compact attribution graphs over interpretable features. Empirically, our transcoders match or slightly outperform sparse autoencoders on the sparsity-faithfulness tradeoff. The graphs recover the known shift from prompt-driven to image-driven computation across denoising steps, point to candidate mechanisms of attribute binding and cross-stream semantic propagation, and yield intervention-testable explanations for systematic generation errors. On prompt grids labeled blind, graph-guided interventions reach effects that single-feature steering does not; at a matched budget, features chosen from the graph fix a color prior more often than the target feature alone and destroy the object less often than features chosen by co-activation. FLUX.1[dev] reproduces the temporal and color-prior results, and SD3.5-medium reproduces them in direction. Our results demonstrate that transcoder-based circuit analysis is feasible for state-of-the-art multimodal diffusion transformers.

cs.CV · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2605.18541

LESSViT: Robust Hyperspectral Representation Learning under Spectral Configuration Shift

Haozhe Si, Yuxuan Wan, Yuqing Wang, Minh N. Do, Han Zhao

原文摘要

Modeling hyperspectral imagery (HSI) across different sensors presents a fundamental challenge due to variations in wavelength coverage, band sampling, and channel dimensionality. As a result, models trained under a fixed spectral configuration often fail to generalize to other sensors. Existing Vision Transformer (ViT) approaches either rely on implicit spectral modeling with fixed channel assumptions or adopt explicit spatial-spectral attention with prohibitive computational cost, leading to a fundamental trade-off between efficiency and expressiveness. In this work, we introduce Low-rank Efficient Spatial-Spectral ViT (LESSViT), a sensor-flexible architecture for cross-spectral generalization. LESSViT is built on LESS Attention, a structured low-rank factorization that models joint spatial-spectral interactions through separable spatial and spectral components, reducing the complexity of full spatial-spectral attention from $\mathcal{O}(N^2 C^2)$ to $\mathcal{O}(rNC)$, where $N$ is the number of spatial tokens, $C$ is the number of spectral channels, and $r$ is the rank of the low-rank approximation. We further incorporate channel-agnostic patch embedding and wavelength-aware positional encoding to support flexible spectral inputs. To enable efficient and robust pretraining, we introduce a hyperspectral masked autoencoder (HyperMAE) with decoupled spatial-spectral masking and hierarchical channel sampling. We evaluate LESSViT under a cross-spectral generalization setting that simulates cross-sensor variability. Experiments on the SpectralEarth benchmark demonstrate that LESSViT improves robustness under spectral shifts while remaining competitive in-distribution, and explicit and efficient spatial-spectral modeling is essential for scalable and generalizable hyperspectral representation learning. The code is available through the project page: https://uiuctml.github.io/LESSViT/

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2606.02366

PRIMA: Boosting Animal Mesh Recovery with Taxonomic Priors and Adaptation-Driven Data Bootstrapping

Xiaohang Yu, Ti Wang, Mackenzie Weygandt Mathis

原文摘要

Recovering articulated 3D animal meshes from monocular images is challenging due to the long-tailed distribution of species and limited large-scale 3D supervision. Existing methods rely on small annotated datasets and thus regress to average shapes and poses, leading to poor generalization to rare species and articulations. We present PRIMA (PRIors for Mesh Adaptation), a framework that tackles these limitations with two components: taxonomic shape priors and adaptation-driven data bootstrapping. First, we derive taxonomic shape priors from BioCLIP image features, which are learned under taxonomic supervision, to inject species-level knowledge into mesh reconstruction, improving shape estimation across diverse quadrupeds. Second, we propose an adaptation-driven bootstrapping scheme that turns abundant 2D animal annotations into reliable pseudo-3D supervision via lightweight instance-level mesh refinement and quality-aware filtering. This yields Quadruped3D, a large-scale pseudo-3D dataset constructed from real-world animal images, containing approximately 9K pseudo-3D annotations. Together, these components alleviate the long-tail problem: extensive experiments on Animal3D, CtrlAni3D, Quadruped2D, and Animal Kingdom demonstrate state-of-the-art performance for mesh reconstruction, with particularly strong gains on challenging poses and underrepresented species. The code is available at https://github.com/AdaptiveMotorControlLab/PRIMA.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2603.21819

Ctrl-A: Control-Driven Machine Learning using Adaptive Online Data Augmentation

Jesper B. Christensen, Ciaran Bench, Spencer A. Thomas, Hüsnü Aslan, David Balslev-Harder, Nadia A. S. Smith, Alessandra Manzin

原文摘要

We introduce ControlAugment (Ctrl-A), an automated data augmentation algorithm for image-vision tasks, which incorporates principles from control theory for online adjustment of augmentation strength distributions during model training. Ctrl-A eliminates the need for initialization of individual augmentation strengths. Instead, augmentation strength distributions are dynamically, and individually, adapted during training based on a control-loop architecture and what we define as relative operation response curves. Using an operation-dependent update procedure provides Ctrl-A with the potential to reduce the use of augmentation operations that negatively impact model performance, alleviating the need to manually engineer augmentation policies for new image classification tasks. Experiments on the CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, SVHN-core, and Tiny ImageNet benchmark datasets using WideResNet-28-10 and ResNet architectures demonstrate that Ctrl-A provides competitive performance across a range of image classification benchmarks.

cs.CV · cs.AI · cs.LG · eess.SY

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