Glyph: Scaling Context Windows via Visual-Text Compression
Jiale Cheng, Yusen Liu, Xinyu Zhang, Yulin Fei The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Wenyi Hong Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Ruiliang Lyu Zhipu AI, Weihan Wang, Zhe Su 等 14 位作者
Large language models (LLMs) conventionally represent text as sequences of discrete tokens, making long-context scaling largely a matter of processing more tokens more efficiently.We instead explore a complementary direction: increasing how much original context each token represents.To this end, we introduce Glyph, a framework that renders long texts into compact visual pages and processes them with a vision-language model (VLM), allowing a fixed context window to cover substantially more text.To make visual compression practical, Glyph combines continual pre-training on rendered long-text data, an LLM-driven genetic search to identify rendering configurations that balance compression and task performance, and post-training with supervised fine-tuning and reinforcement learning.Across multiple long-context benchmarks, Glyph achieves 3–4× token compression while maintaining performance comparable to strong text-only LLMs such as Qwen3-8B, with over 4× faster prefilling and decoding and 2× faster supervised fine-tuning.Under more aggressive compression, a VLM with a 128K context window can handle tasks that would otherwise require up to 1M input tokens.Our code and model are released at https://github.com/thu-coai/Glyph.
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Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表