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新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.04226

DiMuRe: Diagnosis-Guided Multilevel Recovery for Robotic Task Execution

Renkai Yi, Yuwei Wu, Haoyu Zhang, Penghao Dai, Zhi Gao, Jin Chen, Che Sun

原文摘要

Disturbances can invalidate the conditions required by a robot's next action even when much of its task program remains useful. A recovery system must therefore choose a response suited to the current state. We present DiMuRe (diagnosis-guided multilevel recovery), a framework for robot-use agents that uses phase-specific evidence and method preconditions to select program reuse or predefined recovery skills, including bounded vision-language-action (VLA) grasping. After the original program exits, a multimodal large language model (MLLM) can generate corrective code from images and execution feedback. Local verification checks the outcome of each recovery attempt. We also introduce LIBERO-Disturb, a benchmark for robustness and recovery under mid-execution disturbances, supporting program-based agents and VLA policies. On 801 scheduled disturbed Encore development cases, Local DiMuRe (program reuse and recovery skills) achieves 77.65% complete-task success, compared with 58.68% for the original program under the same physical-step allowance. Full DiMuRe achieves 81.90% with terminal replanning, an additional step allowance, and early handoff. Local DiMuRe also uses fewer physical steps per scheduled episode than the original program.

cs.RO · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.04204

Online iLQR-MPC with Whole-Body Control for Robust Humanoid Locomotion

Xiang Li, Linlin Ou, Ruihan Wu, Xinyi Yu

原文摘要

Humanoid locomotion requires deciding where to step and how to distribute contact forces. However, a disturbance can invalidate the nominal plan, requiring coordinated revision under constraints that switch with every footfall. To solve this online, the proposed approach employs the single-rigid-body model, which retains attitude dynamics and the full contact wrench. An iterative linear-quadratic-regulator MPC (iLQR-MPC) then jointly optimizes contact forces and footstep locations in a single receding-horizon problem, without a separate step planner. Specifically, contact and motion constraints are incorporated into the backward pass through augmented-Lagrangian and relaxed-barrier penalties. A whole-body controller subsequently maps the plan to joint torques at 500 Hz while preserving contact feasibility. The model-based formulation makes disturbance responses interpretable through explicit costs and constraints, and requires no platform-specific policy training. In MuJoCo simulations, the iLQR-MPC replans at 100 Hz (mean solve time 8.9 ms); the Unitree G1 sustains steady-state walking and recovers from impulsive 245 N forward and 175 N lateral pushes.

cs.RO

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2610.39416

Decoding Geometry, Not Tokens: Efficient VLMs for Robot Affordance and Trajectory Prediction

Akila Ayanthi, Darshana Priyasad, Tharindu Fernando, Dimity Miller, Sridha Sridharan, Clinton Fookes, Peyman Moghadam

原文摘要

Predicting where to grasp and how to move is fundamentally a geometry problem. Vision-language models treat it as language generation instead. They tokenize spatial coordinates into text and decode them autoregressively. This mechanism ignores spatial structure and truncates continuous precision. Errors compound across coordinate tokens during decoding. In this paper, we show that compact off-the-shelf VLMs with 0.5-2B parameters already encode rich spatial information in their intermediate hidden states. Autoregressive decoding is the dominant bottleneck for trajectory prediction, while affordance prediction depends additionally on feature depth and decoder architecture. We expose the latent spatial information with a lightweight, geometry-compatible prediction head that attaches to a frozen backbone. It reads features from an intermediate hidden layer, conditions a learned query on the task instruction and refines it via cross-attention over the visual tokens to regress affordance boxes and trajectory waypoints directly as continuous values, without modifying the backbone. We evaluate on ShareRobot-Bench and AGD20K. Our 2B variant reduces trajectory error by over 60% and improves ShareRobot-Bench affordance mAP by 85% relative to the autoregressive baseline. It approaches RoboBrain on trajectory prediction (0.251 vs 0.191 DFD) at 3.8x higher throughput. These results demonstrate a favorable accuracy-efficiency trade-off for instruction-conditioned 2D geometric prediction.

cs.RO · cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.04176

Grasping and Stabilizing Tumbling Objects with Rotating-Base Multi-Arm Space Manipulators

Farhad Aghili

原文摘要

This paper presents an innovative guidance and control method for a space manipulator that actively maneuvers its base to hold a tumbling object stationary relative to the base during proximity operations. This simplifies motion planning, reduces collision risk, and enables impact-free capture using single- or multi-arm configurations, with or without predefined grasping interfaces. The proposed approach involves two phases. In the pre-grasping phase, a synchronization control aligns the target's center of mass (CoM) with the system's instantaneous center of rotation (ICR), virtually rigidizing the target-servicer system to keep the object stationary for reliable grasping. In the post grasping phase, a control strategy based on Hamiltonian dynamics and optimal control stabilizes the combined system by minimizing time, fuel, or energy, while respecting base torque limits and multiple grasping constraints. For structured targets, applied forces and torques stay within their bounds; for unstructured ones, friction constraints prevent slipping. A case study demonstrates the method's effectiveness in enabling both the subsequent grasping and detumbling phases.

cs.RO · eess.SY

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.04166

Say the Same, Act Differently: Diagnosing and Steering Text-Action Divergence in Reasoning VLAs

Zihao Feng, Qingzhao Zhang, Chunyu Xia, Bo Yu, Z. Morley Mao, Ramesh Govindan

原文摘要

Reasoning vision-language-action (VLA) models pair physical control with natural-language rationales that supervisors can read to monitor embodied safety. Prior attacks on VLA reasoning corrupt the rationale itself and leave visible evidence in the text. We show that visual perturbations can instead alter the physical action while keeping the generated rationale word-for-word identical. At the shared text/action interface of Alpamayo for driving and InstructVLA for manipulation, our text-neutral action-subspace (TNAS) diagnostic shows that the locally most action-sensitive direction is nearly orthogonal to the active text-loss gradients, with 1.87% and 5.28% norm overlap. At equal hidden-state perturbation norms across both models, interventions along this text-neutral residual shift actions 4.64x to 47.8x more than text-gradient perturbations, whereas text-gradient perturbations induce 21.2x to 277x more text drift. Steering visual perturbations along this direction reaches the same decoupling from the image. Across 154 obstacle-annotated driving scenes in Alpamayo, TNAS-guided attacks induce a new collision under a word-for-word identical rationale in 52.6% of scenes under full-image perturbations and 35.1% under a localized forward-camera patch, compared with 4.55% for unguided action attacks. Relative to a text-preserving baseline, TNAS guidance raises exact rationale preservation from 83.0% to 89.5% and cuts teacher-forced text drift by 68.4% at a comparable collision rate. In InstructVLA, TNAS guidance cuts text drift by 40.5% and preserves the exact response on 85.0% of examples alongside a 1.73-unit action-chunk shift. An unchanged rationale therefore cannot certify a safe action, so monitors for reasoning VLAs must verify the predicted action channel directly.

cs.LG · cs.CR · cs.CV · cs.RO

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v3arXiv:2602.06400

TFusionOcc: T-Primitive Based Object-Centric Multi-Sensor Fusion Framework for 3D Occupancy Prediction

Zhenxing Ming, Yaoqi Huang, Julie Stephany Berrio, Mao Shan, Stewart Worrall

原文摘要

The prediction of 3D semantic occupancy enables autonomous vehicles (AVs) to perceive the fine-grained geometric and semantic scene structure for safe navigation and decision-making. Existing methods mainly rely on either voxel-based representations, which incur redundant computation over empty regions, or object-centric Gaussian primitives, whose ellipsoidal per-primitive geometry can limit representation efficiency for complex, non-convex, and asymmetric structures under a fixed primitive and computational budget. In this paper, we present TFusionOcc, a T-primitive-based object-centric multi-sensor fusion framework for 3D semantic occupancy prediction. Specifically, we introduce a family of Student's t-distribution-based T-primitives, including the plain T-primitive, T-Superquadric, and deformable T-Superquadric with inverse warping, where the deformable T-Superquadric serves as the key geometry-enhancing primitive. We further develop a unified probabilistic formulation based on the Student's t-distribution and the T-mixture model (TMM) to jointly model occupancy and semantics, and design a tightly coupled multi-stage fusion architecture to integrate camera and LiDAR cues effectively. Extensive experiments on nuScenes demonstrate competitive performance against recent state-of-the-art methods and strong performance among object-centric multi-sensor approaches, while additional evaluations on nuScenes-C show robust performance across most corruption scenarios. Further evaluation on the separate SemanticKITTI benchmark demonstrates cross-dataset applicability. The code will be available at: https://github.com/DanielMing123/TFusionOcc

cs.CV · cs.AI · cs.RO

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2608.06412

Beyond Visibility: Real-Time Surface Accessibility Fields from Sparse LiDAR

Bradley Scott, Sam Schofield, Richard Green

原文摘要

Understanding which surfaces a given tool can physically access is fundamental to robotic interaction, yet 3D perception typically stops at geometric reconstruction or visibility estimation. Visibility does not imply accessibility: a visible point may still be blocked by tool geometry or approach-corridor clearance. We propose the Accessibility Field: a per-point surface accessibility labelling, computed from streaming sparse LiDAR and updated at sensor rate as the platform moves. Our GPU-based method evaluates surface points against precomputed tool-geometry kernels across rotated approach orientations, underpinned by a scan-centric TSDF integration scheme suited to non-repetitive sensors such as the Livox Mid-360. The system is tool-agnostic, requires no prior scene model, and runs in real time on both workstation and Jetson Orin edge hardware. On synthetic primitives, our method achieves F1=90.8%, against 69.8% for a Hidden Point Removal baseline; ablations within our own pipeline give 81.5% replacing the TSDF query with a point-cloud collision check, and 33.9% replacing scan-centric integration with projective, nvblox-style integration. On a mature synthetic Pinus radiata model, the method labels 56.8% of visible pine branch surfaces as physically inaccessible.

eess.IV · cs.RO

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2603.07618

SMAT: Staged Multi-Agent Training for Co-Adaptive Exoskeleton Control

Yifei Yuan, Ghaith Androwis, Xianlian Zhou

原文摘要

Effective exoskeleton assistance requires co-adaptation: as the device alters joint dynamics, the user reorganizes neuromuscular coordination, creating a non-stationary learning problem. Most learning-based approaches do not explicitly account for the sequential nature of human motor adaptation, leading to training instability and poorly timed assistance. We propose Staged Multi-Agent Training (SMAT), a four-stage curriculum inspired by how users acclimate to a wearable device. In SMAT, a musculoskeletal human actor and a bilateral hip exoskeleton actor are trained progressively: the human first learns unassisted gait, then adapts to the added device mass; the exoskeleton subsequently learns a positive assistance pattern against a stabilized human policy, and finally both agents co-adapt with full torque capacity and bidirectional feedback. We implement SMAT in the MyoAssist simulation environment using a 26-muscle lower-limb model and an attached hip exoskeleton. Our musculoskeletal simulations demonstrate that the learned exoskeleton control policy produces an average 10.1% reduction in simulated hip muscle activation relative to the no-assist condition. We validated the learned controller in an offline setting using open-source gait data, then deployed it to a physical hip exoskeleton for treadmill experiments with five subjects. The resulting policy delivers consistent assistance and predominantly positive mechanical power without the need for any explicitly imposed timing shift (mean positive power: 13.6 W at 6 Nm RMS torque to 23.8 W at 9.3 Nm RMS torque, with minimal negative power) consistently across all subjects without subject-specific retraining.

cs.RO · cs.AI · cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2609.18685

WeaveRL: Weaving Reconstruction into Scene-Aware Fabrics for Perceptive Reinforcement Learning

Remo Steiner, Vikram Ramasamy, David Tingdahl, Sam Mady, Karl Van Wyk, Nathan Ratliff, David Recasens, Soha Pouya 等 10 位作者

原文摘要

Reinforcement learning allows robots to acquire complex skills, but producing policies for geometrically complex manipulation remains difficult. A promising approach is to learn on top of collision-avoidant controllers, such as geometric fabrics. However, these approaches have relied on static, hand-specified representations of the scene. Integrating active, online 3D perception into massively parallel RL training has so far been inaccessible. We introduce a GPU-accelerated method that reconstructs the scene as a collection of surfels across thousands of parallel simulation instances during active rollouts. This lets policies operate over sensor-derived, rather than hand-specified, geometry. On a suite of collision-dense manipulation tasks, our surfel fabrics enable policies to tackle geometrically complex scenes where primitive-based baselines fail, while maintaining sim-to-real transfer. Furthermore, policies learned with a scene-aware fabric are more robust to the introduction of novel geometry at test time, improving collision-free task completion under unseen obstacles from 35% to 61%. We release our reconstruction system, training code and test dataset to spur research in this direction.

cs.RO

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.04096

Online Hamilton-Jacobi Reachability Onboard the Robot Control Loop: A Real-Time GPU Solver for Safety-Critical Autonomy

Kevin Weekly, Alexandre M. Bayen

原文摘要

Hamilton-Jacobi (HJ) reachability provides certified backward reachable tubes (BRTs) for safety-critical robotic systems, but the level-set computation scales exponentially in the state dimension and has historically been performed offline. As autonomy stacks (ADAS/AV, humanoid robotics, and vision-language-action models) increasingly rely on black-box, probabilistic policies, a deterministic safety layer with formal guarantees is an essential complement. We present a CUDA implementation of the canonical WENO5 + TVD-RK3 + Lax-Friedrichs level-set Hamilton-Jacobi-Isaacs solver for 2D, 3D, and 4D dynamics that is fast enough to run inside a robot's control loop. In 32-bit floating point (FP32) on a single workstation GPU (NVIDIA RTX 4000 Ada), it computes the 3D Air3D BRT at 112 Hz, a 4D pursuit-evasion BRT at 61 Hz, and a 2D wind-affected drifter BRT at 74-147 Hz, 5.9-17.5x faster than the JAX reference hj_reachability at matched precision and 1.7-16x faster than a torch.compile reimplementation of the same scheme. In 64-bit floating point (FP64) it agrees with hj_reachability on eight benchmark cases, reproduces Mitchell's Air3D BRT to within 0.04% of the reference cell count, and runs 2.0-4.6x faster. On an embedded NVIDIA Jetson AGX Thor it computes Air3D at 66 Hz (N=41) and the 2D drifter at 54 Hz, 3.8-8.9x faster than hj_reachability on the same device. As a multi-agent application, an in-kernel label-propagation extension recovers the K-agent capture-basin Voronoi tessellation from a single combined HJ solve, independent of fleet size; it runs at 4.0 ms per tick in a closed-loop wildfire-response simulation of six quadcopters under time-varying, non-uniform wind.

cs.RO · eess.SY

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v4arXiv:2603.16016

FlatLands: Indoor floormap completion from a single egocentric view

Subhransu S. Bhattacharjee, Dylan Campbell, Rahul Shome

原文摘要

A single egocentric image typically captures only a small portion of the floor, yet a complete metric traversability map of the surroundings would better serve applications such as indoor navigation. We introduce FlatLands, a dataset and benchmark for single-view indoor floor-map completion in metric bird's-eye view (BEV), evaluating eleven models: both deterministic and generative. FlatLands contain 270,575 observations from 17,656 scene records across six metric 3D datasets, with aligned observation, visibility, validity, and ground-truth maps and both in- and out-of-distribution protocols. We compare training-free, deterministic, ensemble, and generative methods on shared geometry-derived inputs and, without fine-tuning, on maps estimated from real egocentric RGB images. Our results show that predicting floor almost everywhere can achieve high IoU when most evaluated cells are floor, while generative sample sets outperform the best single-output model under a proper scoring rule and support safer risk-weighted planning. FlatLands establishes a rigorous testbed for evaluating both floor-map accuracy and how effectively alternative completions represent the ambiguity of unseen space.

cs.CV · cs.AI · cs.RO · eess.IV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.04093

VARP: A Visual Adaptive Rearrangement Planner for Non-Monotone Object Rearrangement Planning

Hanwen Ren, Meng Zheng, Zhongpai Gao, Anwesa Choudhuri, Benjamin Planche, Terrence Chen, Ziyan Wu

原文摘要

Object rearrangement planning in cluttered environments is often non-monotone, requiring objects to be temporarily relocated before reaching their final destinations. Although search-based planners can solve such tasks, they incur substantial computational cost and require expensive replanning when the environment changes. We propose the Visual Adaptive Rearrangement Planner (VARP), which learns non-monotone rearrangement directly from visual state representations generated from expert demonstrations. VARP predicts pick-and-place actions from the current and goal visual state representations, and incorporates an Action Refinement Strategy (ARS) to improve action feasibility and a Progress Enforcement Strategy (PES) to mitigate progress stagnation. By continuously updating actions from the latest visual state representations, VARP adapts online to disturbances without replanning from scratch or performing online combinatorial search. In challenging rearrangement benchmarks, VARP achieves a 98.3\% success rate with only 0.4 s planning time per task, 97.5\% success under execution-time disturbances, and 94.5\% under continuous severe disturbances, while generalizing effectively to unseen object counts. These results demonstrate that VARP provides a scalable and robust solution for non-monotone object rearrangement.

cs.RO

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.04083

MABEL: An Open Anthropomorphic Mobile Bimanual Platform for Teleoperation and Learning

Qilong Cheng, Rooholla Khorrambakht, Mohamed Yassine Kabouri, Quang Nam Nguyen, Luca Macesanu, Haoran Zhou, Yipeng Wang, Ludovic Righetti

原文摘要

As robot learning moves beyond the tabletop, many tasks require mobility, adjustable reach, active perception, and bimanual dexterity. Commercial platforms combining these capabilities are costly, while affordable open-source alternatives cover only a subset and require software integration. We present MABEL, an open-source anthropomorphic mobile bimanual robot with 56 degrees of freedom (DOF) and a US$8.1k parts cost. It combines two 7-DOF arms with 17-DOF hands, a pitching torso, a lift, a 3-DOF neck, and a holonomic base. Back-drivable arms and torso support compliant interaction, with fingertip reach from floor level to 2.23 m. The head and torso roughly triple modeled camera coverage relative to a torso-fixed camera. Apple Vision Pro head and hand tracking enables whole-body teleoperation without handheld controllers, with 137 ms mean glass-to-glass stereo video latency over the robot's Wi-Fi hotspot. We demonstrate an end-to-end imitation learning pipeline, from teleoperated data collection to policy deployment, using a shared command interface and whole-body controller.

cs.RO

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.04080

FEIJOA: Task-Driven Grounding and Execution for Mobile Manipulation

Aditya Agarwal, William Shen, Sahit Chintalapudi, Lucy Cai, Nishanth Kumar, Aidan Curtis, Travis Manderson, Tomás Lozano-Pérez 等 9 位作者

原文摘要

A mobile manipulator asked to "put the toys away in the toy box" must decide which objects are toys and which container the user means, then find base poses, grasps, and placements it can execute. Because a scene representation is built before the instruction is known, it may lack the attributes, affordances, or concepts needed to resolve the task. We present FEIJOA, a language-model agent that grounds the instruction at test time. It queries a grounding tool over a posed RGB-D scan, inspects the returned candidates, and refines its queries until they resolve the instruction. An embodiment-aware harness checks each skill's preconditions, samples base poses from which the target is reachable, and verifies the skill's effect from observations before and after execution. On 103 open-ended grounding queries, FEIJOA resolves 94.2% exactly, compared with 68.0% for the best prebuilt representation. Over 50 real-world trials on Spot, it completes 35 tasks; 17 of these successes follow recovery from a failed tool call or verification check. Of the 15 failed trials, 13 were caused by the robot's physical skills, and only 2 by grounding or the agent's reasoning. Project website: https://williamshen-nz.github.io/feijoa/.

cs.RO

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2606.11901

DuoBench: A Reproducible Benchmark for Bimanual Manipulation in Simulation and the Real World

Tobias Jülg, Seongjin Bien, Simon Hilber, Yannik Blei, Pierre Krack, Maximilian Li, Sven Parusel, Rudolf Lioutikov 等 10 位作者

原文摘要

Bimanual robot systems substantially expand manipulation capabilities, but coordinating two arms introduces additional control complexity and failure modes that are not well captured by existing benchmarks. We introduce DuoBench, an extensible benchmarking framework for bimanual manipulation policies on the FR3 Duo platform. DuoBench comprises eleven tasks spanning four coordination categories, implemented in simulation and partially replicated in the real world through reproducible task recipes with 3D-printable assets. In addition, we propose a stage-based evaluation scheme that supports fine-grained semantic failure analysis beyond binary success. It includes stage-conditional pass rates with confidence intervals as well as human-teleoperated datasets for all benchmark tasks. We benchmark several imitation-learning and vision-language-action policies in simulation and on real hardware. Our results show that current policies remain challenged by bimanual manipulation, particularly at the beginning of interaction, during parallel arm execution, and in sim-to-real transfer settings. We further find that simulation reveals the same failure modes as real-world experiments. DuoBench provides a reproducible testbed for analyzing them and studying future methods for dual-arm policy learning. Code, datasets, and videos are available at https://duobench.github.io

cs.RO · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.04027

A Practical Causal Framework for Autonomous Mobile Robots: From Simulation to Real-World Human Environments

Luca Castri, Gloria Beraldo, Nicola Bellotto

原文摘要

Causal inference has emerged as a powerful paradigm enabling robots to make safe, efficient decisions by reasoning about the ``why'' behind events. However, its real-world application is hindered by the difficulty of collecting causal data, especially in human-populated environments where training takes time, while users expect immediate operation. To this end, we tackle the challenge of transferring simulation-learnt causal relations to the real world with minimal effort. While retaining the invariant high-level causal structure, we empirically demonstrate the system adapts efficiently to real-world situations by updating only the causal model parameters with a limited set of new observations. Our results show that the parameter update enables rapid sim-to-real transfer. The framework runs efficiently onboard of a mobile robot and significantly outperforms a non-causal baselines navigating successfully and safely in complex human-shared scenarios.

cs.RO · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.04016

Physical Experience Builds Continual Spatial World Models

Yuhang Sun

原文摘要

World models are increasingly used to support prediction and planning in embodied agents, but the knowledge is usually established before deployment and then carried into later encounters. Continual operation faces a different problem. A familiar environment may change, and the agent must use previous experience without allowing old expectations to override current physical evidence. This study asks what repeated physical experience must contribute for a spatial world model to become progressively more useful rather than simply more persistent. A physics-grounded dynamic maze separates recurring spatial change from the continuous consequences of action. Cross-episode Spatial Change Memory learns relations among environmental transformations, while state-action-outcome experience refines predictions of motion. Structured experience progressively reduces the need for future route correction and transfers to spatial transitions not encountered during learning. The advantage disappears when past changes contain no information about future ones. Continuous navigation further shows that predictive memory changes behavior when a previous decision becomes invalid but leaves behavior unchanged when the decision remains correct. Physical tests expose a complementary limit: correct topology does not guarantee correct action prediction, and accumulated physical experience reduces this mismatch within the modeled dynamics. The results characterize continual world knowledge as experience that improves future prediction and action beyond stored episodes while remaining revisable by the physical outcomes it is intended to predict.

cs.RO

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2607.20345

Closing the Lab-to-Store Gap: A Data-Efficient Post-Training and Experience-Driven Learning VLA Framework for Retail Humanoids

Roger Sala Sisó, Tiago Silvério, Jakob Sand, Tran Nguyen Le

原文摘要

Closing the gap between benchmark performance and reliable real-world operation remains a central challenge for Vision-Language-Action (VLA) humanoid robots, which must handle execution errors, distribution shifts, and environmental variability. This paper presents DEED (Data-Efficient Post-Training and Experience-Driven Learning), a systems-level approach evaluated on a supermarket chip-restocking task using a Unitree G1-Edu humanoid robot and the GR00T N1.6 foundation model. DEED comprises three key components: (1) a data-efficient post-training pipeline with control-frequency alignment, data curation, task-relevant visual highlighting, and reduced VLA dependence; (2) a real-world study of experience-driven refinement, adapted from RECAP via a text-based advantage prefix and a vision-language value function; and (3) a latent-space analysis tool for studying in- and out-of-distribution behavior. Our results suggest that bridging the lab-to-store gap is primarily a systems integration challenge rather than an architectural one: careful data design and targeted post-training can transform a policy that fails under naive fine-tuning into a competent real-world system using only a single GPU.

cs.RO · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v5arXiv:2607.22877

Towards Trustworthy Physical Intelligence: From Theory to Practice Across Life Cycle

Yang Wang, Hongxuan Liu, Xinghui Xu, Arjun Menon, Xiaoran Cai, Yunyu He, Alex Tarvo, Jingzong Zhou 等 43 位作者

原文摘要

Physical intelligence refers to intelligence systems that understand, reason about and act in accordance with the physical world and its underlying laws, dynamics, and constraints. Unlike conventional AI systems, physical intelligence interacts continuously with uncertain physical environments, and its actions produce consequences that are physically irreversible. As existing trustworthy AI frameworks have been developed primarily for digital AI systems, they do not fully capture the distinctive challenges of Physical Intelligence, such as physical safety, cyber-physical security, and physical manufacturing process. To address this gap, our paper develop a foundation for understanding, operationalizing, and governing trustworthy physical intelligence. First, we characterize the fundamental capabilities of physical intelligence. Second, we investigate the role of physical laws and principles in AI and analyze the associated challenges of physical intelligence. Third, we provide a unified structure of the end-to-end physical intelligence life cycle across five core stages and introduce the Trustworthy Physical Intelligence Operationalization (T-PAIO) framework. Fourth, we formulate the Trustworthy Physical Intelligence (T-PAI) Principles as a theoretical framework that synthesizes key trustworthiness dimensions and establishes a conceptual foundation for the governance of physical intelligence systems.

cs.AI · cs.HC · cs.RO

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2603.17022

Contingency-Aware Planning via Certified Neural Hamilton-Jacobi Reachability

Kasidit Muenprasitivej, Derya Aksaray

原文摘要

Hamilton-Jacobi (HJ) reachability provides formal safety guarantees for dynamical systems, but repeatedly solving the HJ partial differential equation in changing environments limits its use in real-time planning. This paper introduces learning-based reachability and an online safety certification that together enable real-time contingency-aware planning in unknown environments with probabilistic safety guarantees. We use Fourier Neural Operator (FNO) to approximate the HJ solution operator under varying obstacle configurations. To certify the learned reach-avoid set, we recast robust scenario optimization as multiple hypothesis testings over its sublevel sets, which yields a simultaneous guarantee across candidate levels and recovers the largest certifiable volume at the prescribed safety level. Within this certified set, the induced recovery policy is guaranteed to return the system to a safe region in finite time under any admissible disturbance. Numerical results show that the learning and certification pipeline updates reach-avoid sets at real-time rates and is demonstrated on youBot simulation.

cs.RO · eess.SY

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.03975

Self-governed access control in open robot swarms using a blockchain-based DAO

Raina Zakir, Alexandre Pacheco, Andreagiovanni Reina, Marco Dorigo, Volker Strobel

原文摘要

Robot swarms harness simple, local interactions among many individually limited robots to produce complex, coordinated collective behavior, making them valuable across domains from agriculture to disaster response. We envision the next frontier for such swarms as open swarms, in which robots join or leave the swarm dynamically at runtime. The ability to dynamically adjust swarm size has been shown to be beneficial, for instance by reducing inconsistencies and network partitioning, especially under sparse connectivity or in complex environments, ultimately improving task performance. For practical deployment, however, open swarms requires governance, particularly protection against Byzantine behavior (i.e., faulty or malicious robots), since allowing robots to join freely also makes the swarm easier to infiltrate. Blockchain technology has recently been incorporated into robot swarms, offering secure, decentralized coordination and improved resilience, though largely in closed settings with a fixed, predetermined membership. In this work, we extend these benefits to open swarms by introducing robot swarms governed by a blockchain-based decentralized autonomous organization (DAO), in which the swarm regulates itself using autonomous rules encoded in smart contracts. We outline several DAO-based governance mechanisms for robot swarms, depending on the needs of the application, and present a proof-of-concept implementation of a simple DAO that regulates swarm membership and prevents Byzantine infiltration. Our simulation results and real-robot validations show that DAO-governed access control and robot removal can maintain proper swarm functioning while keeping the number of Byzantine robots within acceptable limits.

cs.RO

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.03944

h-NESDF: An Infinitely Differentiable Signed Distance Between Two Sets with Robotic Applications

Vinicius Mariano Gonçalves, Pedro Antonio de Souza Campos Rodrigues

原文摘要

Computing distances between sets is important in many robotic applications, such as motion planning and control. In many applications, derivatives of the distance are needed as well. It is well known that the Euclidean distance is not always differentiable, which create issues to algorithms that need a derivative. In this paper, we introduce NESDF, the Normal Euclidean Signed Distance Function between two general (with mild regularity assumptions but possibly non-convex) sets. This metric is still not differentiable, but it allows us to introduce a generalization, $h$-NESDF, which has a smoothing parameter $h$ such that the metric is infinitely differentiable for all $h>0$ and that reduces to the NESDF when $h$ goes to $0$. The metric is amenable to GPU parallelization, and thus can be computed efficiently. We show extensive simulation results to evaluate its viability in motion planning.

cs.RO

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.03940

Coordinate Frame Recovery, Per Class NMS and Null Return Modelling for Sim2Real V2X LiDAR Detection

Aman Upganlawar

原文摘要

We describe our approach to the V2X-Real track of the UrbanTwin Sim2Real LiDAR Challenge, in which a 3D object detector must be trained exclusively on synthetic data and evaluated on unseen real roadside LiDAR from an Ouster OS1-64 unit, while the synthetic point clouds are simultaneously scored for distributional realism. Our final entry scores 0.7457 combined, from a detection mAP of 0.4382 and a realism score of 0.9251. Three findings account for most of our result, and all three were diagnostic rather than architectural. First, a coordinate frame mismatch between our predictions and the evaluation ground truth was suppressing detection AP entirely; recovering it took our score from 0.3520 to 0.5147 in a single submission. Second, a single global non maximum suppression threshold was destroying genuine pedestrian detections, because pedestrians occur in groups and a 0.3 IoU threshold applied to a 0.7 m box suppresses distinct neighbouring people; correcting this per class raised overall mAP from 0.0751 to 0.4295. Third, approximately 31 percent of the real reference point cloud consists of null returns encoded as the literal point (0, 0, 0), a format feature entirely absent from our synthetic clouds, which pinned Earth Mover's Distance near its floor until we modelled it. Negative results are reported at equal length, and Section 9 gives a full account of data provenance and compliance. That section also accounts for every mechanism contributing to the submitted score.

cs.CV · cs.RO

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.03936

Geometric Refinement and Distributional Alignment for Sim2Real Roadside LiDAR Detection

Aman Upganlawar

原文摘要

We describe our approach to the LUMPI track of the UrbanTwin Sim2Real LiDAR Challenge, in which a 3D object detector must be trained exclusively on synthetic data and evaluated on unseen real roadside LiDAR, while the synthetic point clouds are simultaneously scored for distributional realism. Our final entry scores 0.4793 combined, from a detection mAP of 0.1333 and a realism score of 0.9126. Our contribution is not a new architecture. Working from a PointPillars baseline, we obtained most of our gains from three sources. First, a diagnosis that small object failure in roadside LiDAR is a localisation problem rather than a detection problem, which led to a parameter free geometric refinement worth 86 percent relative on pedestrian AP. Second, an audit of our own post processing which revealed that a shipped rule was destroying valid predictions, the repair of which produced our single largest detection gain at 335 percent relative on the Van class. Third, treating the realism metrics analytically rather than as a black box, which showed that one of the four components is a closed form function of nine summary statistics. We also report an experimental methodology that we believe is the more transferable result. Because mean AP decomposes into independent per class terms, a single submission can carry several mutually controlled experiments, and a submission assembled entirely from previously measured components has a score that is known before it is sent. We predicted our final score to four decimal places prior to submission. We report negative results at equal length, and give a full account of data provenance and compliance in Section 8, including a full account of every mechanism contributing to the submitted score.

cs.CV · cs.RO

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.03932

CoReMatch: Recurrent Continuous Coordinate Refinement for Real-Time Robotic Feature Matching

Robert J. Wang, Charles Ling, Boyu Wang

原文摘要

Feature matching underpins many robotic perception tasks, including visual localization, mapping, SLAM, and autonomous navigation. Existing semi-dense matchers predict confidence on fixed grids, limiting correspondences to predefined locations and requiring costly high-resolution grids for precise localization. We present CoReMatch (Coordinate Refinement Match), a recurrent framework that refines correspondences directly in continuous coordinate space rather than predicting discrete confidence maps. CoReMatch progressively improves correspondence estimates by propagating information across iterations. At the coarse stage, a Deep Aggregated Transformer captures global context and iteratively updates correspondence coordinates, while a lightweight regression head further sharpens their localization. Experiments on indoor and outdoor benchmarks show that CoReMatch strikes a strong balance between accuracy and efficiency, outperforming Efficient LoFTR in accuracy while running more than 10x faster on embedded edge hardware. These results demonstrate that recurrent coordinate refinement offers an efficient and scalable approach to real-time feature matching for robotic perception.

cs.RO · cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2609.34270

Bayesian Active Learning for Intent Disambiguation in Interactive Robot Planning

Huao Li, Carson Sobolewski, Augustinos Saravanos, William Tan, John Karigiannis, Chuchu Fan

原文摘要

Interactive robot planning requires robots to infer and execute human intentions from natural language instructions that are often ambiguous, incomplete, or underspecified. Although large language models (LLMs) provide a powerful interface for clarification, relying on the generative model to drive an multi-turn conversation can introduce systematic failures. We propose a Bayesian framework that treats clarification as an active learning problem over grounded Signal Temporal Logic (STL) task specifications. Our method uses LLMs to initialize candidate formal specifications and translate informative contrasts into natural-language clarification questions, while Bayesian optimization maintains uncertainty estimation over user intent and selects queries that maximize information gain. After convergence, the inferred STL specification is passed to a formal planner to synthesize a verifiable robot trajectory. Across four simulated and real-world task domains, our approach generally achieves higher task satisfaction and requires fewer clarification rounds than LLM baselines, while helping smaller models close the performance gap against larger reasoning models.

cs.RO · cs.AI · cs.HC

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.03885

Self-Consistent Neural Control: Learning Trajectories for Implicit Equilibrium

Hengyi Zhou, Haobo Fang, Xiaonan Huang, Dezhong Tong, M. Khalid Jawed

原文摘要

One big challenge in physical AI is interacting with systems whose states are defined by implicit equilibrium. Learning in these systems is difficult because their responses can be multistable, path-dependent, and sensitive over long horizons. Adjoint learning provides an efficient way to optimize trajectories without unrolling iterative equilibrium solvers, but its gradient relies on the frozen-tangent approximation, which neglects higher-order sensitivity terms and can become inaccurate when the local equilibrium varies rapidly. In this work, we introduce Self-Consistent Neural Control (SCNC), optimizing trajectories along which sensitivity variations are explicitly controlled. We derive a mathematical bound on the resulting gradient error and develop a practical finite-difference approximation. We validate the framework on deformable objects, which are representative of implicit equilibrium systems, ranging from simple quadratic energy models such as elastic rods to complex systems including thin-walled tubes, measuring tapes, and Slinky-like structures. Compared with the adjoint learning and the gradient-free iCEM baselines, SCNC achieves faster convergence and more stable optimization by reducing switching to undesirable equilibrium branches, doubling the stable optimization rate over adjoint learning 83.3% vs. 41.7% and reducing the average loss by more than 1.5 orders of magnitude on thin-walled tubes, where sensitivity variations are pronounced.

cs.RO

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v8arXiv:2508.01415

RoboMemory: A Brain-inspired Multi-memory Agentic Framework for Interactive Environmental Learning in Physical Embodied Systems

Mingcong Lei, Honghao Cai, Yuyuan Yang, Yimou Wu, Jinke Ren, Zezhou Cui, Liangchen Tan, Junkun Hong 等 19 位作者

原文摘要

Long-horizon embodied tasks require agents to learn, reason, and generalize robustly across complex real-world environments. However, existing approaches often struggle with partial observability, fragmented spatial reasoning, and inefficient integration of heterogeneous memories, limiting their capacity for long-horizon adaptation. To address this, we introduce RoboMemory, a brain-inspired framework that unifies Temporal, Spatial, Semantic, and Episodic memory for efficient long-horizon planning and interactive learning. Its core innovations are a comprehensive memory system designed for embodied tasks, and a dynamic spatial knowledge graph for scalable, consistent memory updates. Extensive experiments on EmbodiedBench show that RoboMemory improves the average success rate of Qwen2.5-VL-72B-Ins by 26.5 percentage points and achieves performance comparable to strong closed-source VLM agents. Real-world trials further suggest RoboMemory's potential for interactive environmental learning by reusing accumulated experience across repeated task attempts. These results demonstrate RoboMemory as a scalable memory-augmented framework for embodied agents, improving long-horizon planning and cumulative learning in complex interactive environments.

cs.RO · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2605.15999

Trajectory and Morphology Planning for Morphing Quadrotors in Ultra-Narrow Passages using Limited Perception

Harsh Modi, Xiao Liang, Minghui Zheng

原文摘要

This paper presents an online trajectory and morphology planning framework for morphing quadrotors to traverse passages narrower than their unfolded width using only a 2D LiDAR for obstacle sensing. Fixed-frame vehicles cannot pass through such gaps, and classical artificial potential field (APF) based obstacle costs seal them off for planners as well, because the repulsive cost grows sharply inside a tight gap. The core enabler of our framework is a novel cost reduction factor, computed in closed form from the LiDAR data, that cancels the obstacle cost along the medial axis of a narrow passage. A true opening thus becomes a low-cost corridor, while the full repulsive cost is retained everywhere else. The cost reduction factor is embedded at every prediction node of an acados-based nonlinear MPC, which jointly plans the trajectory, yaw, and fold angle of the platform. A user-specified minimum-width limit ensures that the cost reduction factor only opens the corridors that the platform can actually pass. Gazebo/PX4 simulations and hardware experiments on the MorphoCopter demonstrate autonomous folding and unfolding through curved, inclined, and cluttered passages narrower than the unfolded width, where the standard repulsive cost fails to pass safely in most of the trials. The implementation code is available at \href{https://github.com/harshjmodi1996/morphocopter_mpc}{\textcolor{blue}{Github}} and a short video about the paper is available at \href{https://zh.engr.tamu.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/310/2026/10/Morphocopter_planning_final.mp4}{\textcolor{blue}{\textbf{video link}}}.

cs.RO · eess.SY

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.03850

RoboScope Kit: Unified Interfaces for Fast and Scalable Embodied-AI Evaluation

Deng-Ke Wu, Yifan Jin, Yida Yang, Lei Qian, Zhaoye Zhou, Hongru Zhang, Kai Ye, Shuyuan Hu 等 11 位作者

原文摘要

Simulation benchmarks are the standard way to compare robot policies, but each benchmark brings its own evaluator, observation layout, and action convention, and evaluation is slow: 500 RoboTwin Easy episodes with one simulator and one model on one GPU take 359.7 minutes. Profiling the official StarVLA evaluator shows that simulation occupies CPU cores while the GPU averages 14.3% utilization. RoboScope Kit wraps each model once in a Python class called a Policy, and each benchmark once in an adapter around the benchmark's own evaluator, so the benchmark's rules and scoring stay unchanged. Scheduling runs simulator workers and Policy replicas as separate pools, sizes both from measured probes, and shards work deterministically across GPU instances; runtime optimization renders only the observations an action-chunk Policy reads. Adapters cover six benchmark families. On LIBERO-Long with a StarVLA checkpoint on one 48 GiB RTX 4090, the concurrency search selects twelve simulator workers sharing three Policy replicas, which evaluate 500 episodes 4.45$\times$ faster than the official StarVLA evaluation with equivalent success rates, 2.78$\times$ faster than RLinf, and 1.52$\times$ faster than vla-eval at its tuned configuration. With CUDA MPS, which lets the replicas run their kernels concurrently, the search selects sixteen workers sharing four replicas, 6.16$\times$ faster than StarVLA, 3.85$\times$ faster than RLinf, and 2.10$\times$ faster than vla-eval. On RoboTwin Easy, four GPUs with chunk-boundary observation complete the 500 episodes in 14.4 minutes, 25.04$\times$ faster than the single-GPU baseline, with identical success outcomes and terminal steps.

cs.RO · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗