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新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.01918

AgenticMobility: An Open-Source Platform for Multi-AI-Agent Mobility Dynamics

Jiaheng Xiao, Jiangtao Han, Jiachen Wang, Honghai Li, Lijun Sun, Kay Axhausen, Chang Liu, Zhengbing He

原文摘要

Understanding mobility dynamics and the effects of urban transportation management policies requires examining how individual travel decisions, traffic conditions, and policy interventions influence one another over time. We present AgenticMobility, an open-source experimental platform for studying how mobility AI agents and other AI agents interact, adapt through repeated experience, and collectively shape mobility outcomes. Persistent agents retain identities and relevant states across rounds, with explicit interfaces defining information access, admissible actions, and decision schedules; linked records trace decisions, execution, and feedback. In the current implementation, large language model (LLM) agents act as travelers choosing routes and departure times and as a manager periodically adjusting link charges within MATSim. A preliminary demonstration spans 100 simulated days in each of five configurations, with one run per configuration and a shared simulation seed. In the joint traveler--manager run, all 1,179,300 finalized target decisions satisfied action constraints; execution checks verified implementation of accepted choices and preservation of personal memories across days. Trajectories show stable route choices alongside departure-time adjustments and differences between controlled-trip and population-wide outcomes. The platform supports experiments on individual adaptation, collective outcomes, and management interventions by varying information access, retained experience, and management feedback. Source code is available at https://github.com/Agentic-City-Research/Agentic-Mobility

cs.MA · cs.AI · physics.soc-ph

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2610.39576

Bayesian Offline Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning with Latent World Models

Xi Xiong, Lu Liu, Yiming Li, Jakob Foerster

原文摘要

Model-based offline multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) provides a promising approach to multi-agent decision-making under partial observability, where the global state is unavailable from offline data. However, limited dataset coverage can lead to substantial out-of-distribution (OOD) model errors, which may mislead policy optimization and degrade downstream performance. Existing model-based offline MARL methods typically rely on access to global states or mitigate model errors through pessimistic or conservative policy optimization, leaving the reliability and refinement of learned world models less explored. We propose a Bayesian offline MARL framework that infers latent global states from decentralized observation-action histories and iteratively refines a posterior world model using only offline data. Building on posterior information loss, we extend this criterion to the multi-agent setting as multi-agent posterior information loss (MPIL), which provides a reliability measure for world model refinement and offline evaluation. Theoretically, we establish an upper bound on policy regret that is monotonic in MPIL and further characterize its dependence on the size and state-joint-action coverage of the offline dataset. Experiments on partially observable multi-agent variants of D4RL MuJoCo tasks demonstrate competitive policy performance across diverse offline data conditions, while MPIL-guided refinement improves world model prediction and downstream policy performance. These results support a principled connection between world model reliability, offline data coverage, and policy performance in partially observable offline MARL.

cs.MA

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.01914

Machine Learning Beyond Statistical Consistency for Hybrid AI

Jinsook Kim, Jinho Kang

原文摘要

We propose a new definition of machine learning, according to which a machine learns a function when it computes the function successfully, that is, when the value it returns for each input has a proper derivation in a formal system. We extend Gödel's Representability Theorem, which equates computation with derivation, to empirical targets in two ways: the theorem is extended to the computable reals, and the data are admitted into the system as empirical definitions that record what has been observed. We prove that a machine learns a true probability if and only if two conditions are met. The Truth Condition is that its estimate converges to the true probability, which is statistical consistency. The Assurance Condition is that the machine properly derives its own convergence inside the system. Learning thus lies beyond statistical consistency, for it requires a derivation of the convergence from the record. A global assumption about the data, such as the i.i.d. assumption, does not supply such a derivation, because it leads only to a circular one, as we show for PAC learning. On the other hand, the two conditions are met for the probability of a sentence over a finite ideal corpus. A real machine can approximate a true probability only if an ideal machine can learn it precisely, that is, only in a domain that meets the two conditions. Modern AI works in such a domain, and we offer this as a clue to its success. Modern AI is hybrid as well, in two senses: First, it performs two kinds of tasks, namely probabilistic ones such as predicting the next word and deductive ones such as proving and coding. Second, it combines two parts of different kinds, a statistical proposer and a deductive verifier, for proving and coding. Our framework explains both senses of hybridity in one formal system.

cs.LG · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.01913

SurgQ-VLM: Question-Conditioned Dual-Stream Compression and Answer-Type-Aware Reinforcement for Surgical Video Question Answering

Dhruv Makwana, Ananya Mantravadi

原文摘要

Reasoning about surgical video -- which phase is underway, which instruments act, and when events occur -- underpins operative documentation, workflow analysis, and skill assessment. Yet surgical visual question answering is still largely built on single frames and closed labels that cannot express a duration, an ordering, or a count, and the video models that lift the frame limit typically compress every clip the same way regardless of the question, discarding the temporal evidence the answer needs. Worse, the answers are structurally heterogeneous, spanning five incompatible structures -- binary, classification, multi-label, counting, and sentence-temporal -- that no single training signal scores uniformly well. We propose SurgQ-VLM, a two-stage model for surgical video question answering. Stage 1 trains a question-conditioned dual-stream (slow/fast) compressor for a LoRA-adapted Qwen2.5-VL-7B: cross-attention conditions both streams on the question, and each clip's visual tokens shrink 49x from the raw ViT patches (11x vs. post-merge backbone tokens). Stage 2 post-trains with GRPO under an answer-type-aware reward that scores each question on the metric matching its answer structure (micro-F1 for label sets, normalised error for counts, a content-timing blend for temporal windows). On a sealed 21,840-question test split over Cholec80 and CholecT50, SurgQ-VLM reaches 0.779 keyword accuracy and a 10x BLEU-4 gain over zero-shot; GRPO adds 2.5 pp K-Acc (2.0 pp attributable to the answer-type-aware reward), concentrated in the structurally hard types, with answer format unchanged (ROUGE-L). Code is available at https://github.com/DhruvMakwana/SurgQ-VLM.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.01910

EAGR: Evidence-Guided Adaptive Graph Retrieval

Sonam Gupta, Vignesh P, Vishwajeet Kumar, Adnan Qidwai, Anand Eswaran, Jaydeep Sen, Sachindra Joshi

原文摘要

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) for multi-hop reasoning requires retrieval to adapt as intermediate evidence reveals new information needs. Existing approaches support such retrieval through explicit graph structures or iterative query reformulation, introducing graph-construction or query-time overhead. We present Evidence-Guided Adaptive Graph Retrieval (EAGR), a framework in which accumulated evidence dynamically determines which semantic directions to explore next, and which requires no dedicated graph database and no explicit graph materialization. EAGR operates over an implicit semantic graph induced by compact passage metadata pre-ingested into a standard VectorDB. Starting from dense-retrieval seed passages, an LLM iteratively assesses accumulated evidence, identifies promising semantic directions, expands the retrieval frontier through metadata-based neighborhood lookup, and terminates once sufficient evidence has been collected. By precomputing semantic metadata, EAGR enables evidence-conditioned graph exploration without materializing an explicit graph, maintaining a dedicated GraphDB, or iteratively rewriting the query. Across three widely used multi-hop QA benchmarks, EAGR achieves the highest LLM-based answer accuracy among evaluated methods, outperforming the vanilla RAG by 17\% and strongest graph-aware baseline by 4\% percentage points averaged across three popular benchmarks HotPotQA, 2WikiMultiHopQA, and MuSiQue.

cs.IR

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.01909

Who Asks, Who Answers: Linear Attention Builds the Query in Hybrid Language Models

Wenqi Zeng, Chen Feng, YuAng Chen

原文摘要

Hybrid language models interleave linear-attention layers with a small number of softmax-attention layers. Prior work largely attributes in-context retrieval to softmax attention, treating linear attention primarily as a mechanism for compressing past context. We revisit this division of labor and show that linear attention plays a direct role in retrieval by constructing the query used by softmax attention. Studying Qwen3.5 (Gated DeltaNet) and Granite4.0 (Mamba-2), we identify an Encode--Address circuit. An early Encode block preserves token identity, while an Address block constructs the final-position representation from which a softmax \emph{reader} forms its attention query. Transplanting this representation between prompts with different queried keys redirects retrieval in 0.97--0.99 of cases. The Address block's recurrent state carries the retrieval target, and its computation transfers across architectures: replacing Granite's Address block with Qwen's restores retrieval accuracy to 0.92--0.94 without updating either model's weights. Across six Qwen3.5 models, Address computation becomes distributed at larger scales over a chain of blocks, each guiding a successive reader, as the query no longer passes from one reader to the next through attention. These findings reveal a division of labor in hybrid retrieval: linear attention constructs the query, while softmax attention performs the lookup. Code is available at https://github.com/yuang-chen/LinearQuery

cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.01908

Does reflective LLM feedback survive a wet-lab-scale label budget?

Haoxuan Zeng, Xin Luo

原文摘要

Can reflective language-model feedback improve a biological predictor when each cycle buys only one plate of labels? We separate three possible sources of benefit: proposing model edits, choosing measurements, and revising decisions through repeated feedback. We replay $36$ ProteinGym assays, starting with $96$ labels and acquiring $96$ per round for six rounds, with a sealed test set and a shared edit schema. The pre-specified comparison of full LLM control against random edits detects no advantage in test rank correlation ($Δz=-0.008$, $95\%$ CI $[-0.034,+0.018]$); equivalence is also unestablished. Exploratory ablations nevertheless identify useful model editing. With random acquisition fixed, LLM edits improve Fisher-transformed test Spearman by $0.043$ over no edits; with acquisition fixed to upper confidence bound, they improve normalized top-variant recovery by $0.023$. LLM acquisition alone does not detectably outperform fixed adaptive rules, and repeated feedback does not detectably outperform one initial recommendation under full control. Thus, the observed gains support constrained specialist editing, while the incremental value of recursive reflection remains unestablished at this label budget.

cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.01907

Online Active Learning Architecture for Safety-Critical Control Systems

Shuiwen Shen, Jinhua Zhang, Yan Wang, Huanqiang Zeng, Yueyun Xu, Song Gao, Haifeng Xiang, Yifu Shen

原文摘要

The transition of information-centric artificial intelligence to safety-critical applications is impeded by the limitations of conventional offline-training paradigms in open-world environments. This paper presents Control AI, an architecture for Online Active Learning (OAL) inspired by the continuous Prediction-Evaluation-Correction process of biological intelligence. The framework combines the hierarchical representation capacity of deep neural networks with the real-time error-feedback adaptation of adaptive control. A prediction model maps sensory input into a latent manifold, an optional latent model represents transitions in that space, and a reconstruction model maps the latent state back to observable signals. Residuals between predictions and measurements provide the internal learning signal. Spatial and temporal cross-reconstruction architectures prevent OAL from collapsing to a trivial identity mapping, while coupled, dual, and localized variants shorten error-transmission paths. Localized predictive coding style OAL is implemented through guidance-backpropagation and target-backpropagation architectures, and hybrid and scaled variants support high-dimensional deployment. The paper focuses on the architectural rationale and the progression from a conceptual feedback loop to practical large-scale configurations.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.01903

Federated Estimation of Loading Spaces in Tensor Factor Models under Differential Privacy

Zetai Cen, Fan Wang, Haeran Cho

原文摘要

Tensor factor models provide low-dimensional representations of tensor-valued observations while preserving their multiway structure. When these observations are held by different clients, privacy constraints may prevent them from being pooled for centralized analysis. We study estimation of common loading spaces in Tucker tensor factor models under federated differential privacy, allowing heterogeneous sample sizes, privacy budgets, and factor strengths. The proposed method combines private stability testing, Huber aggregation, and Gaussian perturbation at each client with weighted aggregation at the server. We establish non-asymptotic upper bounds governed by a scaled harmonic mean of the squared local error rates, and prove minimax optimality up to logarithmic factors under strong factors, fixed factor ranks, and fixed noise variance. We further develop a private calibration procedure that selects the local tuning parameters and aggregation weights without knowledge of the noise level or client-specific factor strengths. The resulting adaptive estimator preserves the privacy guarantee and attains the error rate obtained with oracle tuning. We illustrate the finite-sample performance of the proposed estimators through simulation experiments and an application to a Meditation Traits EEG dataset.

math.ST · cs.IT · stat.ML

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.01902

Training-Free Motion-Corrected 3D Brain MRI Reconstruction via Event-Guided References

Wei Jiang, Hongli Chen, Tianyi Ding, Feng Liu, Nan Ye, Hongfu Sun

原文摘要

Head motion causes artefacts in 3D brain MRI and can bias structural measurements. Model-based correction alternates between image and motion estimation, but artefacts in the reconstructed reference can reinforce motion errors. Learned priors can reduce these artefacts but require pretraining and may add test-time computation. We propose EventMC (event-guided motion correction), a training-free method for interleaved Cartesian acquisitions. It iteratively detects motion events and estimates motion using reference images reconstructed from stable intervals. It then refines the image and motion from low to high spatial frequencies. In a fair comparison in simulation (same reconstruction), EventMC's motion estimates improve mean PSNR by up to 4.0 dB over those of the learning-based MotionTTT. A single run of EventMC is up to 7.5 times faster than MotionTTT with less than half the GPU memory. On in vivo motion-corrupted scans, EventMC achieves similar mean image quality to MotionTTT without any training. Code is available at https://github.com/bayesbreeze/EventMC.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v6arXiv:2608.17050

Frozen Memory Is Not Enough: Rethinking External Memory as Extraction

Mingyuan Li, Guangsheng Yu, Xu Wang, Shaoxiong Ji

原文摘要

Methods for improving knowledge use in large language models typically fall into two regimes. Non-parametric retrieval offers flexible access to external knowledge, but adds retrieval latency, context overhead, and only shallow integration with the backbone. Parametric adaptation is efficient at inference time, but entangles knowledge with model weights and can be hard to update, audit, or transfer. Engram-style hashed memory occupies a middle regime: it stores learned information in an external, addressable table, yet consumes that table through a small learned reader. This raises a basic question: when such a memory is moved across backbones, what matters more, the frozen memory itself or the target-side reader? We study this question through cross-model frozen-memory extraction, in which a memory trained on a source model is frozen and attached to a different target model, with only a lightweight reader trained. Ablations show that learned memory content and correct addressing both matter, while the amount of usable signal depends on how well the reader is aligned to the target model. In downstream question answering tasks, a dual-layer, four-branch reader nearly closes the gap between same-model and cross-model reuse, achieving an average score of 38.8 under our controlled evaluation protocol. Moreover, when the provider reader is directly compatible with the target interface, the frozen artifact can provide substantial utility without target-side training, while optional reader adaptation yields further improvement. These results suggest that Engram can serve as a reusable external knowledge artifact, provided that the target has access to a compatible reader interface; target-side adaptation can further improve alignment when direct reader reuse is insufficient.

cs.CL · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.01900

Systematic Evaluation of Robustness in Fine-tuned Models

Angela John, Hamayoon Behmanush

原文摘要

Our study systematically evaluates the robustness of fine-tuned pre-trained models across different datasets and attack types, aiming to provide insights for researchers in selecting pre-trained models for image classification tasks while prioritizing robustness against potential attacks. Our work explores the influence of fine-tuning pre-trained models with different datasets and attack types on their robustness and overview of the appropriate pre-trained model for image classification based on factors such as computation resources, memory usage, and accuracy on clean data. We fine-tune the models with weights. Evaluate the models on data before any attack and after different attack cases. The study utilizes publicly available image datasets such as MNIST, CIFAR10, CIFAR100, and SVHN to assess the robustness of pre-trained models. The results indicate that the robustness of fine-tuned models varies across different data distributions and sample sizes, emphasizing the need for tailored selection based on specific task requirements. The findings also highlight the varying performance of ResNet50, DenseNet, and MobileNet in defending against attacks on different datasets. Overall, this research provides valuable insights into the robustness of fine-tuned pre-trained models and their suitability for real-world applications in image classification.

cs.CV · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.01898

Robust Remote ECG Monitoring under Energy Constraints: Anomaly Filtering versus Predictive Uncertainty

Mustafa Fuad Rifet Ibrahim, Maurice Meijer, Alexander Schlaefer, Peer Stelldinger

原文摘要

Machine learning for remote electrocardiogram monitoring must handle noise and diseases absent from training under tight resource constraints. We investigate whether upstream unsupervised anomaly detection can improve monitoring decisions more efficiently than classifier-derived uncertainty. We evaluate five detectors on PTB-XL and BUT QDB and compare a two-stage filter-classifier system with Monte Carlo Dropout and deep ensembles under unseen-disease and noise conditions. Performance is averaged over five training seeds. We measure single-pass energy, latency, and graph memory on a microcontroller's central processing unit (CPU) and neural processing unit (NPU). Per-score neural network costs account for repeated evaluations but exclude scoring outside deployed graphs. Energy equations relate filtering and rejection to avoided classifier execution. Across four disease scenarios, Deep Support Vector Data Description (Deep SVDD) achieves the highest mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve within all tested finite CPU energy budgets. On the NPU, it leads at 1 mJ, while Monte Carlo Dropout has slightly higher means at 10 and 100 mJ. With a narrow CPU classifier, the Deep SVDD two-stage system increases the fraction of correctly classified or correctly rejected inputs by 15.0-19.4 percentage points over classification without rejection. Estimated energy per input is 1.93-6.99 mJ, compared with 52.53 mJ for Monte Carlo Dropout and 8.76-17.51 mJ for deep ensembles, at each method's retrospectively selected test accuracy peak. These results support upstream filtering for efficient remote monitoring, while independent validation and complete-system measurements remain necessary.

cs.LG · cs.PF

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2610.37470

Autonomous fixed-wing interception using reinforcement learning

Daan van Hamersveld, Ewoud Smeur, Iurii Kriachko

原文摘要

Medium altitude, long endurance unmanned aerial systems such as Shahed-type strike drones are an unanswered threat in modern conflicts. Conventional air defense systems are too expensive to provide a feasible large-scale solution. Quadcopter interceptors are a cheap, battle-proven alternative, but their extremely limited flight time restricts them to low altitude targets at short range, whereas fixed-wing platforms have the endurance to reach higher altitude targets from longer distances. However, such interceptors are still operated manually. Recent developments in learning-based controllers show potential for automation. In this work, a fixed-wing interceptor is presented that is controlled by a neural network that maps filtered monocular vision observations directly to actuator commands. The policy was trained in a custom Python environment using reinforcement learning and proximal policy optimization. The policy was then deployed on a fixed-wing platform and tested in real interception scenarios. As a baseline, two classical guidance controllers were also developed and tested in simulation. The policy is able to intercept targets both in simulation and in real flight. In simulation, the policy outperforms the classical controllers under most conditions. The interceptor was ultimately successfully validated in real flight by intercepting maneuvering fixed-wing targets. This novel system shows the potential of artificial intelligence for autonomous control of fixed-wing interceptor drones.

cs.RO · cs.AI · cs.NE · eess.SY

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.01893

Rethinking Model Aggregation for Federated Learning with Domain Skew: A Knowledge-Preserving Perspective

Haotian Wu, Xu Ji, Qiheng Li, Li Xiong, Zibin Pan

原文摘要

Domain skew challenges federated learning by requiring a shared model to accommodate distinct visual distributions. Domain-specific experts can capture these distributions separately, creating an opportunity to integrate their representations in a unified predictor. We propose Federated Knowledge-Preserving Learning (FKPL), a two-stage framework that combines domain-oriented expert training with prototype-based classifier calibration. First, a one-shot subspace-based clustering procedure groups clients for intra-cluster training. The resulting expert encoders are concatenated and frozen, preserving each learned feature mapping during global integration. Second, clients interpolate their concatenated features with class-matched domain prototypes and upload the resulting virtual features. The server trains a global linear classifier on these features, concentrating classifier optimization at the server after a single feature upload. FKPL achieves average accuracies of 73.01\%, 67.00\%, and 64.51\% on Office-Caltech-10, PACS, and a four-domain subset of DomainNet, respectively. On DomainNet, its cross-domain standard deviation is 7.50 percentage points, the lowest among the evaluated methods. With the same concatenated extractor, prototype-based calibration improves average accuracy over federated classifier training by 9.99 and 14.94 percentage points on Office-Caltech-10 and PACS. These results identify classifier calibration as an effective way to combine preserved domain representations into a global predictor.

cs.DC · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.01888

Prior-Guided Physics-Informed Deep Learning for Fast 4D MRI Reconstruction

Mojtaba Safari, Parag J. Parikh, Shansong Wang, Mingzhe Hu, Philip Connell, Stanley L. Liauw, Ralph R. Weichselbaum, Zhen Tian 等 9 位作者

原文摘要

Background and purpose: We propose PGPI4MR (prior-guided, physics-informed 4D MRI reconstruction), a deep learning method that leverages information from other respiratory phases or a setup scan, the first 30 s of the same scan, to improve 4D MRI reconstruction without extra scan time. Materials and methods: PGPI4MR is an unrolled network that reconstructs 16 respiratory phases from 60, 30, or 15 s of data, and single 3D volumes, each from 0.29-0.49 s of data, using a setup-scan image. The networks were trained once, on other volunteers, and were not retrained for new volunteers. We evaluated PGPI4MR on measured k-space from three datasets: free-breathing MR-linac (1.5T) and abdominal (3T) scans, and thigh scans with cuff compression (1.5T). All methods, including comparative models, received identical samples and were scored similarly. Results: In vivo, PGPI4MR had the lowest held-out error for 4D MRI at every scan time, and its 16 phases were ready a median of 7.5-13 s after the scan on the 2 GPUs tested. Coupling the 16 respiratory phases reduced the error at 60 s by 9.1% compared with reconstructing each phase alone. For sub-second MRI, the error at 0.49 s was 15.5% lower than that of the best comparison method, classical reconstruction toward the same prior, and on the faster GPU, every 0.29 s window was acquired and reconstructed within 0.5 s. Without retraining, PGPI4MR matched the best methods on the 3T abdominal scans but not on the thigh scans; after retraining on thigh data, it reduced the held-out error by 6.6% relative to the best comparison method. Conclusion: Prior information allowed PGPI4MR to reconstruct 4D and sub-second MRI more accurately than compressed sensing and a published 4D network, within seconds and without extra scan time. This could support 4D MRI for treatment planning and 3D motion monitoring during MR-guided radiotherapy.

cs.CV · physics.med-ph

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2609.21647

Riemannian Neural Hamiltonian Flows: From Interpretable Potentials to Exact Surrogate Sampling

Vincent Souveton

原文摘要

Hamiltonian normalizing flows are attractive generative models because their phase-space maps are invertible and volume preserving, but most neural constructions are formulated in Euclidean space. We introduce Riemannian Neural Hamiltonian Flows, which combine the fixed kinetic energy of a Riemannian manifold, a learned scalar potential, and an explicit geodesic integrator. We then study the interpretability of the learned potential through a thermodynamic reading in which the momentum variance plays the role of a temperature. The matched potential, whose Boltzmann distribution is the data, is the potential whose force balances the pressure of the data. The output of one pass of the flow is the Boltzmann distribution of the learned potential multiplied by a memory factor, so that the learned potential is the matched potential whenever the pass forgets its starting point. Numerical experiments on Euclidean, hyperbolic, and spherical spaces show competitive sample quality and numerical cost against a Riemannian continuous normalizing flow, and confirm the interpretability of the learned potential. We then show that this reading has a computational use. When the energy of the data is known but expensive, the landscape learned from existing samples is a surrogate energy for Hamiltonian Monte Carlo, allowing exact sampling with significant acceleration. We test this approach on the localization of a neutrino source from public IceCube data.

cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.01878

Don't Guess, Ask Wisely: Benchmarking and Training Proactive Elicitation in Open-Domain LLM Conversations

Rongyu Zhang, Mutian Bao, Jinjian Zhang, Yuetian Du, He Xu, Wei Zhou, Xiaojun Zhu, Ming Kong 等 11 位作者

原文摘要

When user queries are incomplete, large language models should ask targeted questions before committing to an answer, a capability we call proactive elicitation, yet evaluation on real user-assistant queries across seven LLMs (8B to frontier) shows that fewer than 11% of underspecified queries trigger a follow-up question. To benchmark and train this capability, we introduce VagueBench, where each seed query is annotated with structured intent and detail units then degraded into intent-vague and fully-vague variants via controlled removal of linguistic cues, yielding known hidden information sets for evaluating both when and what to ask. We propose DialogGRPO, an offline reinforcement learning method that organizes multi-turn elicitation as a dialogue-state directed acyclic graph, where candidate questions at each node receive dense turn-level rewards combining immediate information gain with lookahead value through group-relative comparison, enabling fine-grained credit assignment without runtime simulation. DialogGRPO elicits missing information on over 88% of vague queries with substantial gains in both recovery efficiency and answer coverage, without over-asking on complete queries, outperforms prompting and test-time-scaling baselines, and generalizes zero-shot to MultiWOZ 2.4 and AmbigQA.

cs.CL

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.01874

Efficient Lempel-Ziv Prediction with the Run-Length BWT

Ohad Avnery

原文摘要

Lempel-Ziv Plurality (LZP) is an algorithm of Kosoy that predicts the next symbol of a string by using its Lempel-Ziv factorization, and makes at most $O(z\log n)$ mistakes on every string of length $n$ with $z$ LZ77 phrases. We give efficient online implementations of LZP and of a new variant of it. Our first implementation maintains a run-length encoded Burrows-Wheeler transform (RLBWT) of the reversed history. It implements LZP, uses $O(z\log z\log^2 n)$ bits, and has worst-case update and prediction times $O(\log z+\log\log n)$ and $O(σ(\log z+\log\log n))$, respectively, where $σ$ is the size of the alphabet. This is an exponential improvement over Kosoy's implementation, whose update time is $O(z\log^7 n)$. We then introduce the Lempel-Ziv Majority (LZM) predictor, which has the same mistake bound and update time, and predicts in $O(1)$ time independently of $σ$. These two predictors accept new symbols at any time, without knowing the alphabet in advance. For an alphabet known in advance, a different data structure gives $O(σ(1+\log z/\log\log n))$ time per symbol, which is constant when $σ=O(1)$ and $z=\mathrm{polylog}(n)$.

cs.DS · cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.01870

Automated Stateful Specialization for Adaptive Agent Systems

Myan Vu, Harrish Ayyanar, Jiang Pang, Anwiketh Reddy, Mayank Goel

原文摘要

Current automated agent design frameworks produce either static workflows that lack adaptability or per-query optimizers that prevent the accumulation of deep, agent-level task expertise. We propose a new direction that reconciles these paradigms: creating stateful teams of specialist agents that accumulate knowledge over time and can be reconfigured for novel tasks entirely without human intervention. To this end, we introduce ASpec, a framework that manages this full agent lifecycle by first autonomously discovering specialist archetypes via evolutionary search and then cultivating their expertise through experience, mirroring how human experts learn through practice and reflection. We further introduce a lightweight hierarchical control policy, "retain-then-escalate," which governs when to leverage the established agent system versus when to adapt its structure. Through comprehensive experiments, we demonstrate that this approach leads to significant performance gains on expert-level scientific benchmarks like GPQA while matching the state-of-the-art on broader domain tasks, demonstrating a promising path toward agent systems that are simultaneously expert, adaptive, and efficient. We will release the code at https://github.com/myanvoos/ASpec.

cs.MA

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新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.01868

A Self-Generated Floor on Adam's $\varepsilon$: Evidence from Power-Law Matrix Sensing

Lngel Kyo

原文摘要

In nonconvex Burer--Monteiro low-rank matrix sensing of $U^\ast \in \mathbb{R}^{V \times D}$ under power-law covariance $Σ= \mathrm{diag}(j^{-s})_{j=1}^V$, the precision-wall approximation predicts that Adam stalls when the smallest non-gauge Hessian eigenvalue drops below its denominator floor, giving $s^\ast(V,D) = [\log(1/\varepsilon_{\mathrm{eff}}) - \log V]/\log(VD) + δ_{\mathrm{Adam}}$. If $\varepsilon_{\mathrm{eff}}$ were set by $\varepsilon_0$, lowering $\varepsilon_0$ from $10^{-10}$ to $10^{-12}$ would raise $s^\ast$ by $0.95\text{--}1.33$. Instead, across six values of $\varepsilon_0$ two decades apart, $10^{-2}$ to $10^{-12}$, the boundary follows the $\varepsilon_0$ slope down to $10^{-6}$, bends near $10^{-8}$, and is flat below $10^{-8}$, while warm-started L-BFGS and Gauss--Newton reach machine precision on stalled instances. We trace this saturation to a self-generated dynamical floor $\varepsilon_{\mathrm{dyn}} \propto α$: high-curvature modes oscillate persistently near the adaptive edge of stability with amplitude $\propto α(1-β_1)/(1+β_1)$ and leak gradient fluctuations of scale $κα$ into rare modes via measurement coupling, pinning $\sqrt{\hat{v}_V} \approx κα\gg \varepsilon_0$. Fitting a single threshold-crossing wall parameter $\varepsilon_{\mathrm{dyn}} = 4.76\times 10^{-9}$ (with the detection lag frozen at its companion calibration) predicts the saturated failure boundary for $D \ge 4$ across five $(V,D)$ scales to RMS $0.098$ (breaking down at $D = 2$), while shrinking $\varepsilon_0$ below $10^{-8}$ is ineffective and lowering the step size $α$ reduces the floor directly.

cs.LG

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新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.01867

Fairness-Aware Design for Contextual Experiments: Guaranteeing Reliability and Equity in Heterogeneous Subgroups

Guangyan Gan, Ling Zhang, Yanhua Cheng, Yongxiang Tang, Kaiyuan Li, Xialong Liu, Peng Jiang

原文摘要

Experimental design is critical for evidence-based decision-making in healthcare, marketing, and public policy. However, designing efficient experiments across heterogeneous subgroups presents significant challenges. Existing methods often optimize for statistical power or overall sample efficiency, overlooking crucial fairness considerations across these different subgroups. To address this gap, we introduce a Fairness-Aware Contextual Track-and-Stop Design (F-CTSD) algorithm. The proposed F-CTSD algorithm provides statistical guarantees on subgroup fairness while minimizing required sample sizes. We quantify the fairness-efficiency trade-off and derive the exact sample complexity for the proposed F-CTSD algorithm under its fairness constraints. We further theoretically prove that the proposed F-CTSD algorithm consistently produces accurate treatment effect estimates even under fairness requirements, enhancing statistical reliability. Numerical experiments show that the proposed F-CTSD algorithm outperforms existing methods, achieving higher sample efficiency while reducing subgroup fairness violations by 4.95%.

cs.AI

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新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.01866

The (Butter)fly Dream: Linear Separability of World-Model Rollouts in a Connectome-Constrained Visual Model

Junichiro Niimi

原文摘要

Zhuangzi dreamt he was a butterfly and, on waking, could not tell which was the dream. We ask a version of his question of a model of the fly brain: placed inside a world generated by a world model, can a fixed brain tell that the world is a dream? We treat it as a question about what a connectome-constrained model trained on one task makes available beyond that task: do its responses make the defects of a dream linearly decodable? The observer is a published model of the fly visual system trained only for optic-flow estimation; reality is the MPI-Sintel movie on the model's 721-column retina; dreams are continuations of five real frames by three small world models (a persistence random walk, an MDN-RNN and an RSSM) at three temperatures. The judge is a classifier two-sample test on temporal statistics of cell-type responses, with sequence-level cross-validation. In the trained observer's responses all nine dreams are separable from reality (AUC 0.85-0.99, mean over 50 trained models), in those of the same network before training much less so (0.58-0.75 for the learned world models; paired difference 0.20-0.37), equally on sequences the observer never saw, and in an order unrelated to pixel error. Because these AUCs are near ceiling, we add graded probes made of each window's own real frames with only their order broken. Swapping one adjacent pair of the 14 generated frames gives 0.73 on the trained responses against 0.54 before training and 0.56 for pixel statistics; the trained curve reaches 0.75 at 1.1 swapped pairs of seven, the pixel statistics at 4.7, and the untrained network not at all. A detection horizon, the test on the first k generated frames, orders the world models where the full-length AUC saturates.

cs.LG · q-bio.NC

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新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.01865

A Compute Center Anyone Can Join: A Peer-to-Peer System for AI Inference

Yimo Lin, Zhen Zhang

原文摘要

Today, most people obtain AI inference by buying it from a small number of organizations that run large data centers, while many GPUs owned by individuals and small institutions sit idle for much of the day. Bitcoin showed that strangers can contribute resources under shared rules and receive checkable rewards, but it relies on an asymmetry: proof-of-work is expensive to produce and cheap to verify. Useful inference has no such asymmetry. We propose the Open Inference Market (OIM), which replaces the missing asymmetry with an economic mechanism. A worker delivers a result without knowing whether it will be audited; its unsettled earnings serve as collateral during a challenge window; and confirmed cheating forfeits all of it. We call this principle earnings as collateral. In a simplified model we show three things. The number of audits needed for deterrence is a constant per worker per day, independent of the worker's throughput, so the audited share falls as the network gets busier. A new worker can join with a short period of intensive auditing and a very small bond. And whether the mechanism works at all depends only on the ratio of the audit judge's false-flag rate to its detection rate. Under example parameters, about 0.3 replays per worker per day are enough to make cheating unprofitable for a rational worker. On this basis we lay out a path that hands four powers back to participants one at a time: owning compute, writing history, judging work, and releasing value. A compute center need not be a building; it can be a protocol that anyone can join.

cs.AI · cs.CR · cs.DC · cs.GT

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新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.01864

Quantizing Recurrent Language Models Is Easier Than You Think

Philipp Nazari, Neehal Tumma, Daniela Rus, T. Konstantin Rusch

原文摘要

Linear recurrences are becoming an increasingly common building block in large language models, replacing the growing KV cache of softmax attention with a fixed-size recurrent state that enables efficient decoding. However, the quantization stack has largely been developed around softmax Transformers, whose numerical properties and inference state differ from those of recurrent models. Our goal is to understand these differences and study the design space of quantization methods for recurrent models. In our analysis, we differentiate between two targets. First, extra-state quantization concerns weights and activations outside the recurrent state, whose distributions are shaped indirectly by the sequence mixer during training. In controlled 1.3B parameter models, we find that decayed recurrences develop weaker residual outlier channels than softmax attention and are therefore easier to quantize without incoherence processing. Second, intra-state quantization concerns the recurrent state itself during decode, where repeated updates create a different numerical problem from KV cache quantization. We instantiate our findings as LoReS, a state quantization pipeline combining value-axis scale grouping to match output channel magnitude, decay-based mixed-precision to protect slowly decaying heads or channels, and stochastic rounding to limit error accumulation under repeated requantization. Across Qwen-3.5 9B, Nemotron-H 8B, and Kimi-Linear 48B-A3B, LoReS supports robust 8-bit state quantization and lower effective precision on shorter decode horizons. We implement LoReS in vLLM and demonstrate end-to-end decode speedups.

cs.LG · cs.AI · cs.CL

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版本更新 · v4arXiv:2601.15500

Low-Dimensional Adaptation of Rectified Flow: A Diffusion and Stochastic Localization Perspective

Saptarshi Roy, Alessandro Rinaldo, Purnamrita Sarkar

原文摘要

In recent years, Rectified flow (RF) has gained considerable popularity largely due to its generation efficiency and state-of-the-art performance. In this paper, we investigate how well RF automatically adapts to the intrinsic low dimensionality of the support of the target distribution to accelerate sampling. We show that, using a carefully designed \blue{end-point adapted} time-discretization scheme and with sufficiently accurate drift estimates, the RF sampler enjoys an iteration complexity of order $O(k/\varepsilon)$ (up to log factors), where $\varepsilon$ is the precision in total variation distance and $k$ is the intrinsic dimension of the target distribution. In addition, we show that the denoising diffusion probabilistic model (DDPM) procedure is equivalent to a stochastic version of RF by establishing a novel connection between these processes and stochastic localization. Building on this connection, we further design a stochastic RF sampler that also adapts to the low-dimensionality of the target distribution under mild requirements on the accuracy of the drift estimates, and also with a specific time schedule. We illustrate the efficacy of newly designed time-discretization schedules with simulations on the synthetic data and text-to-image (T2I) data experiments.

stat.ML · cs.AI · cs.LG · math.ST

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新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.01860

Advances in Agentic Computer Graphics

Hengyu Liu, Jihyeon Je, Ruiqi Wang, Mingxuan Wu, Haven Feng, Qixing Huang, Georgios Pavlakos, Hao Zhang 等 14 位作者

原文摘要

Computer graphics is built on code. Large language model (LLM) agents can now generate graphics code and iteratively refine it through various feedback. This capability opens the door to a potentially new paradigm of computer graphics, with graphics algorithms increasingly built around agentic systems to automate progressively complex tasks. Over the past years, research on agentic graphics has expanded rapidly across a diverse range of tasks. This rapid growth makes it increasingly difficult for manual literature reviews to keep pace with new developments. At the same time, similar ideas are often described using different terminology across these tasks, further complicating efforts to develop a systematic understanding of the field. In this report, we address these challenges through two contributions. First, we introduce a unified taxonomy for characterizing agentic systems across diverse computer graphics tasks. Second, we develop an agentic literature system that can assist human researchers in analyzing existing and newly published papers at scale. Building on these contributions, we analyze emerging research trends and discuss open challenges in coordinating agents and tools across graphics tasks, designing interfaces and representations for human-agent collaboration, sustaining long-horizon planning and refinement, and reliably evaluating interactive graphics systems.

cs.CV

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新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.01858

Learning-to-Memorize: Dynamic Context Management for Long-Horizon Autoregressive Video Generation

Haowei Zhu, Qijie Wang, Jia Li, Xing Wang, Tianyu Zhao, Jiexi Wang, Xurui Peng, Xinglong Wu 等 10 位作者

原文摘要

Autoregressive video generation has achieved impressive results on short clips, yet generating long videos remains challenging due to error accumulation over extended horizons, where each predicted frame depends on potentially imperfect previous frames. Existing approaches typically rely on static context management strategies, such as sliding-window caches that discard early frames or fixed sink frames that permanently preserve initial content. These designs either lose critical long-range context or anchor generation to outdated information, which can lead to degraded fidelity, motion stagnation, and reduced diversity. In this paper, we propose Learning to Memorize (L2M), a learned context memory management framework that dynamically retains, evicts, and evolves historical frames according to predicted importance. The framework consists of an importance prediction router that estimates the relevance of each historical frame, degradation-aware training that improves robustness to noisy or corrupted context, and a dynamic memory initialization and evolution mechanism that updates long-term memory using exponential moving average (EMA) importance scores. This allows high-quality frames to replace stale anchors and enables memory to adapt naturally to scene evolution. Trained with a teacher-student distillation objective and sparsity regularization, L2M makes efficient use of a fixed KV-cache budget while preserving the most informative contextual information. Extensive experiments demonstrate that L2M improves long-horizon video generation quality and temporal consistency over existing baselines, providing a learned strategy for context memory management in long autoregressive video generation.

cs.CV

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版本更新 · v2arXiv:2605.16834

ReLATE: Learning Relative Representations for Post-Hoc Multimodal Alignment

Shiwon Kim, JaeSeong Hong, Yu Rang Park

原文摘要

Post-hoc multimodal alignment connects independently pretrained vision and language encoders while keeping them frozen, offering an alternative to joint pretraining when paired data are scarce. A central design challenge is to construct comparable representations across heterogeneous feature spaces while retaining local information relevant to distinct semantic concepts within each input. We propose Relative Alignment with Learnable Anchors and Token Evidence (ReLATE), which learns modality-specific anchors that jointly define relative representations and determine token contributions to each relative coordinate. Image patches and text tokens are represented by their similarities to anchors within their respective frozen feature spaces. Anchor-wise Similarity Pooling (ASP) then weights and aggregates these similarities separately for each anchor to construct the corresponding relative coordinate. A sample-level symmetric contrastive objective aligns the resulting image and text representations by optimizing only the anchors, without updating the encoders. Experiments on 13 general-domain benchmarks across four vision-language tasks demonstrate improvements over the compared post-hoc alignment methods under matched paired-data budgets, with further evaluations across data scales and encoder combinations. Beyond the general domain, we evaluate ReLATE in pathology as a specialized-domain application. By aligning frozen pathology image and biomedical language encoders, ReLATE matches or exceeds the evaluated pathology-specific vision-language models in balanced accuracy on three zero-shot classification benchmarks.

cs.CV · cs.AI · cs.LG

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新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.01853

Privacy-Preserving ECG-HRV Emotion Classification for Mood Swing Detection using Federated Learning on Constrained Edge Devices

Chidike Vincent, Muhammad Aslam Jarwar, Najam Ul Hasan, Laurence Hirsch, Jonathan Zasada-James, Hem Raj Dadra

原文摘要

This paper presents a privacy-preserving mood monitoring framework that classifies emotional states from ECG-derived heart rate variability (HRV) features. The framework is evaluated on three public datasets comprising 74 participants and further validated using a wearable device in a pilot study. Leave-One-Participant-Out cross-validation (LOPO-CV) is used to assess generalization to unseen individuals. A series of experiments investigates the impact of temporal windowing, HRV feature selection, and class balancing on both four-class valence-arousal and binary valence classification. Results show that class balancing substantially improves minority-class recall, while Logistic Regression consistently outperforms five alternative classifiers and achieves competitive performance against HRV-based baselines. Pilot validation using a Polar H10 wearable achieves 75% binary valence accuracy on an unseen individual without calibration, demonstrating the feasibility of real-world deployment. To preserve privacy, the framework is also implemented using federated learning on a six-node Raspberry Pi cluster. Federated Logistic Regression achieves performance comparable to centralized training without sharing raw physiological data. These results demonstrate the potential of interpretable and privacy-preserving mood monitoring for continuous mental health assessment in clinical and community settings.

cs.LG · cs.AI

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