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新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.07644

Neural Image Compression with Internal-External Prior Fusion and Alignment

Tiancheng Si, Wenlong Xu, Dahua Gao

原文摘要

Existing context models for learned image com- pression rely primarily on internal priors from the current image, overlooking common patterns and typical textures shared across natural images. To address this limitation, we propose an Internal-External Prior Fusion-Alignment (IE-PFA) context model built upon quadtree spatial-channel joint modeling, where a learnable dictionary shared by the encoder and decoder serves as an external prior. Specifically, an RWKV-based Spatial- Channel Prior Fusion (RSCPF) module efficiently fuses inter- nal and external priors along spatial and channel dimensions with linear complexity, while a training-only Self-Distilled Prior Alignment (SDPA) mechanism aligns them without inference overhead. Moreover, our model supports variable-rate coding over 64 quality levels within a single network and is accelerated by custom CUDA operators. Experiments on seven benchmarks demonstrate state-of-the-art rate-distortion performance, achiev- ing an average BD-Rate saving of 21.65% over VTM-22.0-Intra, with only 29.9M parameters and the fastest coding speed among advanced neural codecs (61 ms encoding and 52 ms decoding). Code is available at https://github.com/stcnjtech/DCVC-X-Intra.

cs.CV · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.07643

Projection-Free Gradient Tracking Neurodynamic for Distributed Nonnegative Sparse Optimization

Juntao Li, Qihang Guo, Deyuan Meng

原文摘要

This paper proposes a continuous-time, projection-free neurodynamic system based on gradient tracking for distributed nonnegative sparse optimization. Unlike traditional methods, our approach avoids projecting states onto the feasible set. Instead, it employs gradient tracking to estimate average gradients under heterogeneous costs, coupling primal and dual dynamics such that feasibility and sparsity emerge naturally from the equilibrium conditions. The system ensures unique solutions through a locally Lipschitz vector field and guarantees that every equilibrium corresponds to an exact KKT point. We establish rigorous convergence guarantees for convex objectives through three distinct analytical layers. These include a centralized kernel rate, a computable distributed rate derived from Jacobian analysis without restrictive stability assumptions, and a global exponential stability proof based on Lur'e system theory. Our analysis quantitatively separates these layers, revealing that the convergence rate is primarily limited by graph sparsity and remains robust to variations in momentum time scales. Numerical experiments on strongly convex quadratic problems validate the theoretical rates, demonstrate effective active set recovery, and show that the system maintains stable tail convergence rates even under strong local heterogeneity.

math.OC · cs.NE

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2605.13074

Computing Ultrabubbles in Linear Time by Reduction to Weak Superbubbles in the Double Covering Graph

Sebastian Schmidt, Juha Harviainen, Corentin Moumard, Aleksandr Politov, Francisco Sena, Alexandru I. Tomescu

原文摘要

In recent years, in attempts to capture variation structures in genomic and pangenomic graphs, the zoo of bubbles has been filled with more and more different variants. The first more complex variant was the superbubble which was later (informally) generalised to bidirected graphs as the ultrabubble. Ultrabubbles are more applicable in bioinformatics research, because genome and pangenome graphs usually are bidirected. In this paper, we study the relationship between superbubbles and ultrabubbles, and show that ultrabubbles in a bidirected graph are equivalent to the weak superbubbles in the corresponding double covering graph. Using this, we introduce a new linear-time algorithm to enumerate all ultrabubbles that consists of a very simple reduction to employ an existing linear-time algorithm to enumerate all weak superbubbles. Treating the superbubble algorithm as a black box, our algorithm is vastly simpler than the SPQR-tree-based linear-time ultrabubble enumeration algorithm of Sena et al. [2026]. Further, since our algorithm works on all bidirected graphs, it is strictly more powerful than the simple graph-orientation-based algorithm by Harviainen et al. [2026], which only works on a restricted class of bidirected graphs. In order to prove our equivalence, we additionally introduce simplified definitions of both ultrabubbles and weak superbubbles, through which the equivalence becomes more intuitive. Finally, our reduction motivates that some algorithmic problems in bidirected graphs can be reduced to well-known algorithmic problems in directed graphs.

cs.DS

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2611.01935

No Note Is an Island: Probing LLMs' Understanding of Crowdsourced Fact-Checking Environments

Weijian Fan, Chichen Lin, Xiao Han, Jiaying Wu

原文摘要

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly assist crowdsourced fact-checking, yet evaluations focus on individual annotations. A correction's reach and reception depend on visibility, audience responses, and platform policies. We introduce correction context understanding: assessing corrective content, interpreting audience responses, and reasoning about platform dynamics within a shared environment. We build NoteHabitat from 36 months of Weibo Annotations data, linking 102,994 posts (42,853 annotations), 431,407 comments, and five policy events. Evaluating diverse model families across seven tasks spanning content, interaction, and management reveals three gaps. Annotation quality correlates only weakly with engagement ($ρ=0.068$), while four zero-shot LLMs systematically underrate quality relative to human judgments, especially evidence support and objectivity. Models also miss toxic comments supporting corrections (36.4% average recall across ten models). At the platform level, LLMs partially predict policy-associated outcome directions, but LLM-guided simulations poorly reproduce daily activity. Cross-group analyses expose blind spots tied to contribution types and reader stances that aggregate scores conceal. Reliable fact-checking AI must understand the note, the conversation around it, and the platform in which both unfold.

cs.SI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v3arXiv:2511.18811

Adaptive Test-Time Memory Allocation for Long-Tailed Human-Object Interaction Detection

Yuqiu Jiang, Xiaozhen Qiao, Yifan Chen, Ye Zheng, Zhe Sun, Xuelong Li

原文摘要

Long-tailed human-object interaction (HOI) detection remains challenging because rare interactions are sparsely represented in training data. Although test observations provide additional visual evidence, existing cache-based methods typically assign uniform memory capacity across classes, limiting their ability to capture informative features of underrepresented interactions. To address this issue, we propose Adaptive Diversity Cache (ADC), a training-free, plug-and-play framework that adaptively constructs test-time caches through frequency-aware capacity allocation and confidence-diversity joint sample selection. Specifically, Frequency-Aware Cache Adaptation assigns larger capacities to underrepresented interactions using frequency-dependent priorities and a weighted logarithmic allocation objective, and fills remaining slots with selected augmented views. Confidence-Diversity Joint Cache Selection further combines prediction confidence with local feature diversity to retain informative cache entries. Cache retrieval then refines the predictions of the frozen detector. Experiments on HICO-DET and V-COCO across three base detectors demonstrate consistent improvements. On HICO-DET, ADC improves mean average precision (mAP) for rare interactions by 4.02--8.57 percentage points, while also improving performance on non-rare interactions. Online adaptation further achieves gains of 2.87--7.36 percentage points on rare interactions. These results demonstrate that adaptive test-time memory effectively complements existing HOI detectors and improves long-tailed detection performance.

cs.CV · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2608.28699

Beyond Visual Boundaries: Rethinking Scene Segmentation for Movie RAG

Dong-Hee Kim, Seonwoo Choi, Changbeen Kim, Jungmyung Wi, Juyeon Ko, Youngju Choi, Il Hyeon Mun, Hyunwoo J. Kim 等 9 位作者

原文摘要

Understanding long-form video remains a fundamental challenge for multimodal large language models (MLLMs). Sparse frame sampling fails to capture fine-grained visual details, while dense sampling quickly exceeds context length limits. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) offers a promising middle ground by selectively retrieving relevant video segments for grounded generation, yet its effectiveness critically depends on the quality of the video segments used as retrieval units. In this paper, we investigate RAG for movie understanding, which demands story-level reasoning over characters, events, and narrative arcs spanning hours of content. Scene segmentation, a long-studied problem that partitions movies into semantically coherent units, is a natural candidate for defining such retrieval units. We reexamine whether existing methods actually serve this role through comprehensive evaluation on downstream movie understanding tasks, and find that they do not provide a consistent or dominant advantage over naive uniform temporal chunking. Our audit of the most standard scene segmentation benchmarks reveals why: current annotations prioritize visually salient transitions over narrative event structure. Motivated by this mismatch, we introduce NarraScene, a narrative-centric scene segmentation dataset annotated with a three-level cognitive taxonomy spanning physical, character, and narrative change, where every valid boundary requires a narrative-level shift. When used as retrieval units, these narrative-grounded segments outperform uniform chunking on downstream movie understanding tasks, suggesting that the central challenge for scene segmentation in movie RAG is not detecting boundaries, but identifying the narrative event units that matter for movie understanding. The dataset is available at https://huggingface.co/datasets/queez0405/NarraScene.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.07634

AiXapply: Fast and Reliable Full-File Code Integration with Specialized Small Models for IDE Workflows

Siyuan Jiang, Xiang Cai, Peixu Wang, Yu Han, Yihong Dong, Wei Ning, Xuyuan Guo, Jincheng Wen 等 11 位作者

原文摘要

Large language models increasingly assist developers by proposing small code edits, yet reliably integrating a partial update snippet into an existing file while preserving unrelated content remains poorly supported by current code-generation workflows. We formalize the Code Integration (Apply) task as follows: given an original file and an update snippet, the system must produce the complete merged file while preserving all content outside the requested edit. We construct a high-quality multi-language dataset from real commits via a structured pipeline that converts code changes into update snippets paired with full-file ground truth and enforces consistency through verification and filtering. We then train a specialized 4B model, aiXapply, using supervised fine-tuning and reinforcement learning (GRPO). The supervised variant achieves 94.4% accuracy under our language-aware comparison, surpassing a strong large-model (Deepseek-V3.2) baseline (91.6%). Speculative decoding enables aiXapply-RL to reach $\sim$2700 tokens/s on a single A100 in a decoding subset; on the full benchmark, it achieves roughly 75$\times$ lower latency than the API-served Deepseek-V3.2 baseline. We further conduct an industrial deployment of aiXapply-RL in the aiXcoder IDE plugin as a dedicated Apply service, reducing mean Apply latency from 50 seconds to 1.89 seconds by offloading full-file generation from the upstream large model. Under time-based capacity planning, replacing one of five upstream serving instances would save 20% of upstream machine cost before the additional shared A100 service cost. Overall, our results demonstrate that treating code integration as a standalone task enables small models to achieve high accuracy, practical efficiency, and concrete industrial benefits in real-world IDE workflows where latency, cost and privacy are critical.

cs.SE

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.07633

Redacting Personal Data: A Speed and Accuracy Comparison of Regex, Presidio and Hybrid Designs

Sai Yashwant, Manoj Kumar Gondimalla, Arjun Sharma, Shubham

原文摘要

Many enterprise projects now pass free text to large language models (LLMs), and that text often contains personally identifiable information (PII) such as names, phone numbers, email addresses, home addresses and dates of birth. Once a prompt is sent, this data is copied into provider systems, application logs and observability traces. Redacting PII before the call is an obvious control, yet teams seldom have numbers on what it costs in latency or what it lets through. This paper compares four redaction designs that any LLM pipeline can adopt: a pure regular-expression (regex) redactor, Microsoft Presidio running on a spaCy model, a hybrid in which Presidio finds only person names while regex handles structured identifiers, and a fast hybrid that calls spaCy's named-entity component directly. All four share a known-entity rule, which removes the person the system already knows it is handling, and a consistent placeholder scheme, so the LLM can still tell one person from another after redaction. We evaluate the designs on a sample workflow, which we call ProfileAssist, that turns resumes into structured profiles, using 100 synthetic resumes (523 characters on average, with 900 PII values and 600 business terms that must survive). Regex ran at a 0.20 ms median but caught only 88.9% of PII, because it cannot find names that are not known in advance, such as the references listed in a resume. Presidio, hybrid and fast hybrid each caught 100% of PII and kept 100% of business terms, at median latencies of 37.59 ms, 30.23 ms and 13.48 ms. Measured against a 9,120 ms median LLM call, even the slowest option adds only 0.41% to the request. We therefore recommend the fast hybrid as a default for LLM pipelines that handle personal data, with regex kept as a safety net rather than as the only control.

cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.07631

MEMOIR: A Training-Free Memory Lifecycle for Long-Horizon LLM Agents

Mayank Anand, Subham Raj, Aman Vaibhav Jha, Sriparna Saha

原文摘要

Long-horizon LLM agents require memory systems that preserve useful information across sessions and retrieve it when needed. Existing systems treat these as separate problems: memories are written prospectively with static importance scores that are never revised after use. This creates two coupled failure modes: consolidation can silently destroy evidence that future queries require, while retrieval continues to favor stale memories. We propose MEMOIR (Memory Evidence via Merge-certified, Online Importance Revision), a training-free memory lifecycle that unifies judge-gated consolidation with retrospective attribution. Before compressing memory, screening gates test whether answer-relevant evidence is preserved. After each query, attribution estimates which retrieved memories supported the answer and updates their retrieval priority. A UCB-style exploration bonus additionally encourages retrieval of under-exposed memories, reducing the risk that frequently retrieved memories crowd out useful but less-seen evidence. On 1,905 deduplicated LoCoMo QA pairs, the full retrieval stack improves evidence recall@5 by 11.92 percentage points over bare cosine, with confidence-gated feedback adding 1.50 points overall without reference answers or reranker training; a deployment-unavailable oracle adds 1.84 points overall and 8.05 points on multi-hop. Judge-gated merge changes the recall of text-based evidence from 58.82% to 59.08%, reduces the active store by 1.42%, and incurs 0 observed losses in 100 independently audited merges, with a one-sided 95% upper loss-rate bound of 2.95%. Together, these results outline a practical deployment path: no additional LLM call on the online write path, with merge screening confined to periodic offline consolidation. The lifecycle reduces to one principle: attribute usefulness after use, and screen for preservation before compression.

cs.IR

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.07630

Real-Time Event-Based LED Tracking and Pose Estimation with PWM-Encoded Markers

Junkai Niu, Sheng Zhong, Delei Kong, Xin Wang, Kaizhen Sun, Yusen Zhang, Mingzhen Gan, Yi Zhou

原文摘要

Event cameras are neuromorphic vision sensors with pixels that independently and asynchronously respond to brightness changes at microsecond resolution, supporting state estimation under rapid motion, motion blur, and high dynamic range (HDR) illumination. This also enables capture of high-frequency blinking patterns from light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Based on this, we propose a real-time event-based framework for LED tracking and six-degree-of-freedom (6-DoF) relative pose estimation using pulse-width modulation (PWM)-encoded LED markers. Multiple LEDs share a common blinking frequency and encode identities through distinct PWM duty cycles, reducing frequency-resource requirements and computational cost. Our dual-rate asynchronous tracking framework combines low-rate LED detection with high-rate raw-event updates, maintaining robust LED identity association and accurate pixel-level tracking under rapid motion. LED identities and positions establish reliable 2D-3D correspondences for real-time metric 6-DoF relative pose estimation. Extensive evaluations on a self-collected dataset demonstrate robustness under large motion flow and transient image-plane LED overlap. Furthermore, we develop a coordinated robotic platform comprising a quadrotor and a Mecanum-wheeled mobile robot, demonstrating the proposed framework's potential for closed-loop drone guidance through hovering and target-following experiments under time-varying HDR illumination, with onboard deployment on an NVIDIA Jetson Orin NX. The dataset and implementation will be released to facilitate further research.

cs.RO

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.07629

Online Learning with Ordered Experts (via Two-point Feedback)

Shiliang Zuo

原文摘要

We study adversarial online learning with expert recommendations in a totally ordered action space, where the experts' recommendations may change and be reordered arbitrarily. Our focus is two-point feedback: on each round the learner plays two current recommendations, observes both, and pays their average. We study two problems. In the separated monotone problem, the loss is the sum of a hidden nondecreasing component and a hidden nonincreasing component, and a query reveals the two components separately. In the BV problem, the losses are bounded and have bounded variation (BV) along the order, and a query reveals only the loss. In the separated monotone problem, two paid observations achieve \[ O\bigl(\log(|\cF|T)\sqrt{T\log|\cF|}\bigr) \] regret against the best of $|\cF|$ experts, within a logarithmic factor of the classical full-information bound. For the BV problem, we obtain $\wtO(\sqrt T+|\cF|)$ regret. We give an application in dynamic pricing with expert advice, showing that two-option menus matches the full information rate up to $\log$ factors. The main technical ingredient is a marginal-preserving endpoint flow estimator. Two observations reveal a loss increment along the order; random paths supply telescoping identities that turn this local information into unbiased loss estimates for all current recommendations. A reversible pair sampler preserves the learner's intended marginal at both played actions. The estimator's second-moment and stability bounds support online updates for both feedback models.

cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2605.06207

Taming the Entropy Cliff: Variable Codebook Size Quantization for Autoregressive Visual Generation

Bowen Zheng, Weijian Luo, Guang Yang, Colin Zhang, Tianyang Hu

原文摘要

Most discrete visual tokenizers rely on a default design: every position in the sequence shares the same codebook. Such a constant-codebook design can consume the finite-data entropy budget very quickly. We observe that the per-position empirical conditional entropy decays so quickly along the sequence that, after a few positions, the conditional distribution becomes essentially deterministic. On ImageNet with $K=16384$, this happens after only about 2 out of 256 positions, when most prefixes already identify individual images in the dataset. We call this phenomenon the Entropy Cliff. Under full conditional utilization, larger codebooks exhaust the finite-data entropy budget in fewer positions. The empirical entropy decreases more gradually in our language comparison, where the effective entropy per position stays below the codebook capacity. To address this, we propose Variable Codebook Size Quantization (VCQ), where the codebook size $K_t$ grows monotonically along the sequence from $K_{\min}=2$ to $K_{\max}$, leaving the loss function, parameter count, and AR training procedure unchanged. With a vanilla autoregressive Transformer and standard next-token prediction, VCQ-Base achieves gFID w/o CFG 14.80 on ImageNet $256\times256$, compared with 27.98 and 18.16 for constant codebooks of size 16384 and 8192, respectively. Scaled up, it reaches gFID 1.71 with 684M autoregressive parameters, without any extra training techniques such as semantic regularization or causal alignment. The extreme information bottleneck at $K_{\min}=2$ encourages semantic concentration in early encoder features: a linear probe on features from only the first 10 positions reaches 43.8% top-1 accuracy on ImageNet, compared to 27.1% for uniform codebooks. These results show that what matters is not only the total capacity of the codebook, but also how that capacity is distributed and organized.

cs.CV · cs.AI · cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2606.09899

When Attribution Patching Lies: Diagnosis and a Second-Order Correction

Luyang Zhang, Jialu Wang

原文摘要

A central goal of mechanistic interpretability is to identify which internal components causally drive a language model's behavior. Because these importance estimates serve as the evidence for identifying circuits, systematic errors can lead to the misidentification of the underlying mechanisms. While activation patching provides a gold-standard causal metric, its computational cost is prohibitive at scale. Practitioners instead rely on attribution patching, a gradient-based, first-order approximation whose reliability remains poorly understood. In this work, we characterize the source of this unreliability, demonstrating that the dominant error stems from the non-linearities in the downstream network rather than local curvature at the patched component. This insight yields three practical tools: (i) a reliability score to detect untrustworthy estimates, (ii) error bounds quantifying potential attribution mis-specifications, and (iii) a Hessian-vector-product (HVP) correction that eliminates the leading-order error with only one additional backward pass. In evaluations across five model families (124M--9B parameters) and both random-token and naturalistic (name-swap) perturbations, HVP is the only second-order correction feasible at larger scale, where standard baselines like Integrated Gradients become computationally prohibitive. In comparative experiments, a multi-step HVP variant matches or exceeds the accuracy of Integrated Gradients at significantly lower compute, outperforming prior second-order baselines. These improvements lead to higher-fidelity circuit recovery on standard benchmarks and support a Screen-Flag-Fix workflow that targets computational effort only toward the components flagged as unreliable.

cs.LG · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v3arXiv:2508.00351

Cryptanalysis of Isogeny-Based Quantum Money with Rational Points

Hyeonhak Kim, Donghoe Heo, Seokhie Hong, Sangjin Lee, Suhri Kim

原文摘要

Quantum money is a representative application in cryptography that utilizes quantum technology to achieve security that is unattainable with classical systems. Since the theoretical proposal by Wiesner in 1983, the most recent instantiation is the quantum money using class group actions on elliptic curves, proposed by Montgomery and Sharif in Asiacrypt'24. In this work, we propose a concrete cryptanalysis by leveraging the efficiency of evaluating division polynomials with the coordinates of rational points, offering a speedup of $O(\log^4p)$ compared to the brute-force attack. While the resulting attack still runs in exponential time, our method provides the first nontrivial algorithmic insight into their structural hardness. Furthermore, due to the algebraic properties of rational points and quadratic twists, our technique naturally yields a more efficient verification procedure for the underlying quantum money. We believe this new line of analysis opens promising directions for future research in elliptic-curve-based quantum cryptography.

cs.CR · quant-ph

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2510.04066

QuantDemoire: Quantization with Outlier Aware for Image Demoiréing

Zheng Chen, Kewei Zhang, Xiaoyang Liu, Weihang Zhang, Mengfan Wang, Yifan Fu, Yulun Zhang

原文摘要

Demoiréing aims to remove moiré artifacts that often occur in images. While recent deep learning-based methods have achieved promising results, they typically require substantial computational resources, limiting their deployment on edge devices. Model quantization offers a compelling solution. However, directly applying existing quantization methods to demoiréing models introduces severe performance degradation. The main reasons are distribution outliers and weakened representations in smooth regions. To address these issues, we propose QuantDemoire, a post-training quantization framework tailored to demoiréing. It contains two key components. First, we introduce an outlier-aware quantizer to reduce errors from outliers. It uses sampling-based range estimation to reduce activation outliers and keeps a few extreme weights in FP16 with negligible cost. Second, we design a frequency-aware calibration strategy. It emphasizes low- and mid-frequency components during fine-tuning, which mitigates banding artifacts caused by low-bit quantization. Experiments validate that our QuantDemoire achieves large reductions in parameters and computation while maintaining quality. Meanwhile, it outperforms existing quantization methods by over 4 dB on W4A4. We implement a CUDA kernel for the mixed-precision branch and achieve a 2.3$\times$ end-to-end speedup on an RTX 4090 GPU. Code is released at: https://github.com/zhengchen1999/QuantDemoire.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.07624

Beneath the Surface: What We Overlook When We Talk About Agent Evolution

Xiaobo Wang, Zimu Wang, Siyu Ye, Jiaqi Li, Min Tang, Jun Bai, Yuling Shi, Ruobing Wang 等 16 位作者

原文摘要

Agent harness evolution enables recursive self-improvement (RSI) without updating model weights. We examine whether higher benchmark scores yield reliable, efficient, and transferable improvement. We evaluate four methods across harnesses, general and coding tasks. Repeated evaluations, controlled agent expansion, component interventions, and admission replays reveal recurring patterns. All sixteen evolved agents gain previously uncovered tasks while losing previously covered ones. In one general-task case, reliability rises by 5.2 points despite losing ten previously covered tasks. Most reliability gains also increase deployment cost. Specific changes usually outperform generic reminders, but their benefits can change when combined. The highest-scoring agent does not yield the largest mean improvement in any of our four pools, and stricter admission can discard useful alternatives. Transfer selectively preserves gains: coverage usually falls on the general-task target across both harness types and paradigms, but rises on the coding target with the outer-layer-only harness. These findings motivate preservation-aware evaluation, tested decision rules, and explicit applicability conditions. As a constructive follow-up, EvoAudit turns these diagnostics into revisions of select, analyze, mutate, and gate, achieving the best performance.

cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.07622

Approximate Hamming Convolution via Rectangular Matrix Multiplication

Przemyslaw Uznanski

原文摘要

We study $(1 \pm ε)$-approximate text-to-pattern Hamming distance: given a length-$N$ pattern and a length-$2N$ text, compute the Hamming distance at every alignment to relative error $ε$. For every fixed $a \ge 0$ and $ε= N^{-a}$, we give a randomized algorithm with simultaneous high-probability correctness on a logarithmic-word RAM and expected running time $\widetilde{O}(N^{ω(4a)/2})$, where $\widetilde{O}$ suppresses subpolynomial factors and $ω(k)$ is the exponent for multiplying an $n \times n^k$ matrix by an $n^k \times n$ matrix. With a recent rectangular bound, this improves the published bounds [CGK+20, FKN26] for $1/12 < a < (3 + \sqrt{3})/16$. In particular, the algorithm runs in expected time $\widetilde{O}(N)$ for $0 \le a \le 1/8$, extending the previous near-linear guarantee through $a = 1/12$.

cs.DS

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.07621

Data-Driven Configuration of Protective Separation Zones in Collaborative Robot Cells from Operator Occupancy

Aulon Bajrami, Theo Jacobs, Werner Kraus

原文摘要

The protective separation zone of a collaborative robot cell is commonly dimensioned for a worst case that disregards where the operator is actually present during the task. This paper presents a camera-based, data-driven method that configures this zone from observed operator occupancy. Operator positions accumulated over several production shifts are aggregated into an occupancy heatmap, from which a protective field is derived that trades off the achievable robot velocity against the required safety distance, following the speed and separation monitoring principle of ISO/TS 15066. The resulting configuration is advisory, that is, reviewed within the risk assessment rather than applied autonomously to the robot controller. The method, which builds on a pose-based perception pipeline with activity recognition, was evaluated in two operational cells at two industrial partners, where the protective field could be reduced by approximately 17% and a productivity increase of 9% was measured. However, adoption proved to depend on more than the demonstrated gain alone.

cs.RO

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v6arXiv:2112.06636

Embeddings of $k$-complexes in $2k$-manifolds and minimum rank of partial symmetric matrices

A. Skopenkov

原文摘要

Let $K$ be a $k$-dimensional simplicial complex having $n$ faces of dimension $k$, and $M$ a closed $(k-1)$-connected PL $2k$-dimensional manifold. We prove that for $k\ge3$ odd $K$ embeds into $M$ if and only if there are $\bullet$ a skew-symmetric $n\times n$-matrix $A$ with integer entries, whose rank over $\mathbb Q$ does not exceed $rk H_k(M;\mathbb Z)$, $\bullet$ a general position PL map $f:K\to\mathbb R^{2k}$, and $\bullet$ orientations on $k$-faces of $K$ \newline such that for any nonadjacent $k$-faces $σ,τ$ of $K$ the entry $A_{σ,τ}$ equals to the algebraic intersection of $fσ$ and $fτ$. We prove some analogues of this result (for any parity of $k$), including those for $\mathbb Z_2$- and $\mathbb Z$-embeddability. Our results generalize the Bikeev-Fulek-Kyn\v cl criteria for the $\mathbb Z_2$- and $\mathbb Z$-embeddability of graphs to surfaces, and are related to the Harris-Krushkal-Johnson-Paták-Tancer criteria for the embeddability of $k$-complexes into $2k$-manifolds. The main novelty of this paper is passing from the cohomology condition of Paták-Tancer to the simpler extendability of some intersection function to a low-rank matrix (defined in the paper using the idea of Fulek-Kyn\v cl).

math.GT · cs.CG · math.AT · math.CO

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2606.25272

Characterizing Robustness in Semantic Code Clone Detection

Zhiwei Xu, Weixian Deng, Xuyang Liu, Xiaolin Peng, Jiabao Gao, Tian Qiu, Hai Wan, Xibin Zhao

原文摘要

Semantic code clone detection seeks to recognize shared functionality across different implementations, making robustness to behavior-preserving changes central to its effectiveness. Prior studies have exposed failures under such changes, motivating a systematic examination of how sensitivity varies with the rewrites used for evaluation. We present Systematic Code Transformation (SCT), a framework organizing 51 operators by code level, target, and edit category, and evaluate 14 token, tree, graph, and prompt-based detectors on BigCloneBench, Google Code Jam, and OJClone. By comparing transformation groups, repeated application, and alternative constructions, we connect overall performance changes with specific rewriting conditions. Of 25 token, tree, and graph detector and dataset combinations starting above 90% F1, 21 lose at least 10 percentage points under the composition of all operators. These losses vary with transformation type and application intensity, but are not determined by edit counts or code growth alone. Even at matched locations and edit counts, alternative constructions can expose different errors despite similar aggregate losses. Further analysis distinguishes reduced score separability from changed fixed-threshold decisions with retained ranking ability, revealing different scope for threshold recovery. Overall, these findings show why benchmark effectiveness needs to extend to stable discrimination across equivalent implementations and how systematic transformation testing can assess that capability.

cs.SE

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v3arXiv:2607.18639

Mark, Don't Erase: Token Inoculation for Dual-Use Knowledge in LLMs

Seunghyun Lee, Dongyoon Han, Sangdoo Yun

原文摘要

In a dual-use field, hazardous knowledge and the benign expertise around it share vocabulary, concepts, and causal structure. That overlap makes selective refusal hard, and existing methods such as unlearning and refusal training overgeneralize their suppression into the benign side. We argue for conditioning, not suppression. In this work, we introduce Token Inoculation, which marks hazardous sentences with a special token, the inoculation token, during continued pre-training. We then fine-tune the model to refuse hazardous questions and, on the same questions under the inoculation token, to predict the hazardous answers. At test time the inoculation token is absent, so the model does not express the hazardous answers it learned to predict. Across 1.5B to 14B parameters and three architecture families it holds hazardous accuracy near 18% while retaining 93% of the instruct baseline's MMLU performance, the best safety-utility balance among the baselines we compare. The same advantage reproduces under open-ended generation and in a cybersecurity transfer. We test this with a causal do(X) analysis that randomizes the accuracy of the conditioning signal, and find that refusal becomes more selective the more of the hazardous domain the model still knows. Our findings underscore the importance of training to predict the responses that must be refused, and outline a direction for safety alignment that does not degrade models' growing frontier knowledge. Project page: https://token-inoculation.github.io/

cs.LG · cs.CL

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.07616

Monotone Viability Learning for Offline Safe Reinforcement Learning

Ziqian Wang, Zhen Zhang

原文摘要

Offline safe reinforcement learning requires reliable long-horizon safety estimates from fixed data. Learning Hamilton-Jacobi (HJ) viability in this setting calls for semantic preservation, convergence, and numerical stability. To address these challenges, we propose Monotone Viability Learning (MoViL), which learns viable sets from offline transitions through monotone finite-horizon set recursion. The recursion preserves finite-horizon safety semantics and converges to the infinite-horizon viability kernel. Binary supervision maintains a fixed target scale across horizons, avoiding discount-induced numerical attenuation. We further establish sufficient conditions for recovering behavior-supported viable subsets. The learned viability estimates are used to certify actions at deployment. Dubins car experiments validate the numerical accuracy of the learned viable sets. Evaluations on safe RL benchmarks demonstrate state-of-the-art reward-cost performance. MoViL satisfies the average cost constraint on every task and achieves the lowest average cost among the compared methods. These results highlight MoViL's potential to extend long-horizon HJ viability analysis to safety-critical systems where reliable dynamics models are unavailable and online exploration is unsafe.

cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.07614

The Popular Get More Popular: Auditing Brand Bias in Generative Search

Giorgio Monaco, Jacopo Lenti, Francesco Pierri

原文摘要

The shift from traditional to generative search has fundamentally transformed online product discovery. Because conversational recommendations synthesize choices into a few direct answers, subtle systemic preferences toward specific providers can exert profound commercial impacts. In this work, we audit this phenomenon through two distinct dimensions: (i) brand popularity bias, the systematic preference for market-dominant entities over long-tail alternatives, and (ii) brand familiarity bias, the ranking advantage an entity encoded in an LLM's parametric memory holds over an unfamiliar competitor. First, evaluating commercial queries across major engines, we observe persistent brand popularity bias: dominant brands in the top quintile are cited 1.4x to 2.8x more frequently than the average brand within a sample of 1,176 top market players, already present in parametric memory that external web retrieval fails to mitigate. Second, through controlled in-context experiments holding product attributes constant, we find that substituting authentic brand signatures with unfamiliar ones significantly degrades recommendation rank. Conversely, fact-preserving content rewrites yield negligible ranking gains. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that generative search engines reinforce a ``rich-get-richer'' dynamic by favoring established market leaders and imposing a parametric barrier to entry that standard content optimization cannot overcome.

cs.CY · cs.AI · cs.SI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2610.14517

We Have Been Interpreting Diffusion Transformer Backbone Behaviors Wrong

Benyuan Meng, Longtao Huang, Yang Liu, Liang Lin

原文摘要

During a network forward call, diffusion backbones naturally produce many intermediate activations. If we evaluate each activation against an identical downstream benchmarking protocol, we can plot an inverted-U-shaped curve as the depth profile: the activation's performance goes up first and then down as we go into deeper layers. This profile suggests there is a semantically meaningful signal within the backbone, and it is changing. This is common knowledge in the diffusion model community, which inspires many applications including the widely-adopted REPA. However, the common interpretation of this depth profile may be inaccurate and incomplete: (i) The cause of this curve has long been treated as signal granularity changing from coarse to fine, but there has been little evidence in DiT backbones. (ii) The community has been mainly studying this phenomenon in a static way, without investigating how it changes across different training setups. In this work, we show a different mechanism picture for the profile, where the prediction target (e.g., $ε$, $u$, $x_0$) sits at the center. The semantically meaningful signal is only an intermediate by-product for predicting the target, while the prediction target is the real goal for the backbone. Furthermore, the choice of prediction targets as part of the training setup can predictably affect the curve's shape. With this updated interpretation, many applications of this depth profile can be better grounded and predicted. As an example, we show how to predict the near-optimal placement of REPA based on the prediction target of the training setup. The code is at https://github.com/Darkbblue/dit-compare.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v5arXiv:2608.18234

GigaBrain-WBC-0.5: A Behavior World Model for Robust Humanoid Whole-Body Tracking with Environment Interaction

Ziyang Cheng, Tianshu Tang, Jinxin Lan, Xinze Chen, Yuhan Gong, Zhichao Liu, Changzhong Wu, Yahao Mao 等 22 位作者

原文摘要

General-purpose motion trackers enable humanoid robots to follow diverse whole-body motions while maintaining balance, but are trained only on flat ground, failing to exploit bipedal mobility over complex terrain. Cross-terrain controllers, meanwhile, are task-specific or accept only low-dimensional locomotion commands. We introduce InterTrack, the first behavior world model (BWM) for robust whole-body tracking with environment interaction. Its Transformer jointly predicts the next action, state, and behavior distribution, learning environment-conditioned dynamics. To scale interaction training data, an automatic annotation pipeline reconstructs 3D support geometry from retargeted motions. At deployment, the policy handles commands implausible in the current environment in a "best-effort" manner. Quantitatively, InterTrack achieves an 81.3% success rate on terrain interaction (4.3 times the best evaluated baseline) and a 99.3% fall-recovery rate, while also improving free-space tracking and outperforming three leading tracking baselines across all of these regimes. To our knowledge, we provide the first demonstration of real-time cross-terrain whole-body teleoperation on a humanoid robot, alongside object interaction, stable responses to missing supports, and robust recovery from falls.

cs.RO · cs.AI · cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2611.06777

WISE: An Agentic Framework for Whole-page Multimodal Search Experience Attribution

Wenyi Xu, Renzhe Zhou, Songyang Li, Feiran Zhu, Ruoqi Zhao, Chenglei Dai, Xuanping Li, Kaiqiao Zhan 等 9 位作者

原文摘要

Algorithm-driven services, including search, recommendation, and advertising, rely on multi-stage model pipelines. While research prioritizes model optimization, post-deployment monitoring focuses on operational reliability. Yet operationally healthy systems may still produce poor-quality results, exposing a gap in existing evaluation and monitoring practices. However, a systematic problem formulation and benchmark for this task remain lacking. To bridge this gap, we formulate System Quality Diagnosis (SQD) for algorithm-driven services, a new task that extends quality evaluation beyond identifying poor outcomes to attributing their causes across system components. Focusing on industrial search, we propose WISE, an agentic framework for end-to-end quality diagnosis that discovers user-facing issues and traces their origins to underlying algorithmic components. To improve diagnostic reliability, we introduce ReTrace for constructing evidence-consistent trajectory supervision and Adaptive Harness-Policy Optimization (AHPO) for failure-guided optimization of the agent harness and model policy. To enable systematic evaluation, we construct WISE-BENCH, a real-world multimodal search benchmark that combines user-facing evidence, internal pipeline traces, and expert diagnosis annotations. Extensive experiments show consistent gains across model scales, with WISE achieving 75.20% end-to-end accuracy on Qwen3.5-35B-A3B. In production, WISE supports quality auditing, online quality assurance, and model optimization, reducing diagnosis costs and improving downstream relevance models.

cs.IR

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.07605

The Gating Mechanism of KV Cache Eviction

Hao Gu, Xintong Yang, Zhiwei Li, Lei Zhu, Jian Yang, Qiyuan Zhu, Dezhi Li, Jingyuan Zhang 等 13 位作者

原文摘要

KV cache eviction must decide which entries carry information that the rest of the cache can no longer supply. A natural way to estimate this is a learnable gate: give each cached entry a gate on its attention weight and train the gate on the model's own objective. The gate belongs inside the normalizing softmax, where suppressing one entry hands its mass to the others rather than discarding it. That same normalizer absorbs any per-query constant, so a constant gate cancels and reproduces the frozen model exactly. Trained on the language-modeling loss the gate stays near a constant score while its loss falls throughout: optimization succeeds, but a frozen backbone was fit for dense attention, so its loss prefers the no-op, and a near-constant score ranks nothing. The no-op is not a floor the gate improves from but what its objective asks for. A second obstacle survives once the gate moves, since the same gradient charges the gate for errors the frozen model already makes, which no reweighting of positions separates out. Much of the machinery in learnable eviction, from sparsity penalties to relaxations of the discrete decision, works around the first obstacle rather than removing it; both are removed by putting dense attention beyond the gate's reach and making the dense model's predictions its target. Under these two conditions capacity is never the missing ingredient: neither a larger scorer, nor explicit access to the past, nor a trainable backbone helps. The same holds for what eviction unavoidably discards, which is recovered by parameter-free centroids read inside the same softmax far better than by any memory read outside it, since the mass they must return is a share of that normalizer and available nowhere else. At 75\% KV cache compression, this gate reaches 90.14 on RULER at 8K and 46.03 on LongBench with Qwen3-8B, 3.72 and 1.36 points below full-cache inference.

cs.CL

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v3arXiv:2610.05108

Best-of-$N$ Guidance for Test-time Diffusion Alignment

Richard Lee Kim, Yeongmin Kim, Gyuwon Sim, Taekyu Kim, Minsang Park, Il-chul Moon

原文摘要

Diffusion models achieve strong generative performance but often struggle to align generated samples with human preferences measured by a reward model. A simple yet effective algorithm for test-time alignment is Best-of-$N$ (BoN) sampling, which draws $N$ i.i.d. samples from a pre-trained diffusion model and outputs the single highest-reward sample. Despite its empirical success, BoN makes limited use of reward information, as it is incorporated only at the final selection stage without influencing the reverse diffusion trajectory during sampling. Consequently, BoN sampling does not improve the average alignment of generated samples and is primarily suited to single-output settings. We propose Best-of-$N$ Guidance (BoNG), a novel method that integrates the principle of BoN sampling directly into the reverse diffusion process. BoNG performs online BoN selection over denoising particles and adjusts the reverse diffusion process to steer the particle population toward higher-reward regions during generation. Specifically, by introducing an asymmetric guidance interaction among denoising particles, BoNG uses the current BoN particle as a guidance signal to the rest of the particle population. This particle-level interaction reshapes the sampling process toward higher-reward regions, enabling BoNG to improve not only the final best sample beyond Vanilla BoN sampling, but also the average quality of generated samples. Over 36 empirical comparisons, BoNG achieves the best performance in 29 cases, ranking first in 80.56% of the comparisons against SMC and Vanilla BoN sampling. BoNG also supports multi-output capability, achieving 1.3$\times$ ImageReward score of the latest sample-based guidance method with a 1.6$\times$ speedup. We release the code at https://github.com/aailab-kaist/BoNG.

cs.LG · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.07604

FisherDistill: Diffusion Distribution Distillation via Closed-Form Fisher Critics

Mahesh Bhosale, Yuanhao Zhai, Siwei Lyu, Junsong Yuan, David Doermann, Defang Chen

原文摘要

Recent advances in diffusion distillation have enabled high-quality image generation in only one or a few network function evaluations (NFEs). Despite their efficiency, aggressively distilled generators often retain a residual distribution gap from their multi-step teachers, motivating recent methods to introduce adversarial refinement with a learned discriminator. In this work, we ask whether such refinement necessarily requires a learned adversarial discriminator. We introduce \textbf{FisherDistill}, a simple alternative based on Fisher linear discriminant analysis. Using intermediate representations from the frozen teacher, we estimate the first- and second-order statistics of real and generated samples and derive a closed-form Fisher direction that maximally separates their feature distributions relative to within-class variation. This direction provides a lightweight refinement signal that complements the original distillation objective without requiring an additional adversarial discriminator or its optimization loop. Across multiple distillation frameworks, our approach consistently improves generation quality over their respective distilled baselines and substantially closes the gap to adversarially refined counterparts. Code: https://bhosalems.github.io/FisherDistill/

cs.CV · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.07603

Sharp Limits of Graph-Based Nearest Neighbor Search on the Sphere

Kejing Lu

原文摘要

We study the degree needed for greedy graph search to find the exact nearest neighbor from every starting point on graphs of $n$ independent data points on the unit sphere in $\mathbb R^d$. For uniform data, we determine an explicit sublinear degree threshold when $d$ is proportional to $\log n$, and the threshold $2^{d/2+o(d)}$ in the dense regime $\sqrt{\log n}\ll d\ll\log n$. Above these thresholds by fixed exponent gaps, the nearest-neighbor graph succeeds from every entry for most uniform queries with high probability, with evaluation cost on the same exponential scale as its degree. Matching lower bounds hold for every graph designed after observing the sample. For nonuniform data in the dense regime, local density variation shifts the critical degree. Under explicit local regularity conditions and within a specified range of density variation, we derive a sharp worst-case degree curve and show that the nearest-neighbor graph attains it. We construct sampling densities and query distributions for which, with high probability, every graph whose degree lies below this curve by a fixed exponent gap has failing entries for most queries. Allowing fresh uniform random entries reduces the cost of exact recovery. For uniform data in the dense regime, we determine the exact exponent for the number of distinct distance evaluations over a range of degrees below the critical threshold. Independent restarts on a single graph joining points within a prescribed radius attain this exponent with high probability. Matching lower bounds hold for adaptive local exploration on threshold and nearest-neighbor graphs using entries independent of the data. Optimizing within this degree range lowers the exponent from $\frac12\log2\approx0.347$ for success from every entry to approximately $0.243$.

cs.DS

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗