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版本更新 · v2arXiv:2610.35375

ACSAN: All-Convolutional Self-Attention Network Integrating Convolutional Operations with Vision Transformer

Zimian Wei, Tianqi Zhang, Hengyue Pan

原文摘要

In the past few years, Vision Transformer (ViT) has achieved competitive performance in the field of computer vision. However, there still remain some problems. For instance, ViTs rely on large-scale training data since they simply contain a large number of trainable parameters, which slows down their learning efficiency and limits their applicability in resource-constrained scenarios. In this paper, we propose a novel deep learning model, namely All-Convolutional Self-Attention Network (ACSAN), which applies convolution operations to replace fully-connected matrices multiplications in the ViT framework. To implement ACSAN, we firstly design Dynamic Convolutional Self-Attention (DCSA) as the basic module, which employs multi-scale dilated convolutions to generate Query, Key, and Value. We define spatial self-attention and channel self-attention to generate attention features respectively. The two attention features are finally merged as the output of the DCSA module. Based on DCSA, we construct the basic ACSAN block. Specifically, we use DCSA to replace the regular self-attention operations, and use convolution-based Equivalent Convolutional Fully Connected (EqConvFC) modules to replace MLPs. To evaluate the performance, we train ACSAN on CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100 and ImageNet-1k datasets from scratch. Experimental results show that ACSAN achieves good classification accuracy (the best variants achieve 93.52\% on CIFAR-10, 73.38\% on CIFAR-100, and 83.3\% on ImageNet-1k). Moreover, in comparison with standard ViT and other state-of-the-art methods, ACSAN uses fewer parameters to achieve comparable or better accuracy.

cs.CV · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.07588

What Gets Hacked in a Collaborative Reward for LLM Recommenders: The Part That Does Not Depend on the User

Zhuangsheng Li, Liang Dong, Yu Wu, Dailin Li, Yu Xia, Yunhan C. Zhang, Rui Cai, Yi Wu 等 9 位作者

原文摘要

Collaborative-filtering (CF) scores provide graded, personalized rewards for training large language model (LLM) recommenders through reinforcement learning. However, these rewards can cause exposure collapse: even though the CF model itself produces diverse top recommendations across users, an LLM optimized with its rewards concentrates on fewer items. We decompose each score into an item-mean component, the item's average CF score across user histories, and a residual component, the current user's score deviation from the average. Through controlled interventions, we identify the item-mean component as a contributor to exposure collapse. Accordingly, we propose two reward corrections: per-item centering removes each item's estimated mean score, while per-item standardization further rescales the residual using its estimated standard deviation. Experiments on two datasets with two identifier schemes show that both corrections substantially improve catalog coverage and exposure evenness. Compared with training on the uncorrected CF reward, our corrections increase the number of distinct items ranked first across users by up to $9.8\times$, while maintaining comparable ranking accuracy. Code is available at https://anonymous.4open.science/r/LLM4Rec-CF-Bias-27EF/.

cs.IR

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.07587

Fine-Tuning a Transducer for Impaired Speech: Where the Gains Appear and What They Mean for Evaluation

Kien Nguyen, Tuan Dinh, Bao Phan

原文摘要

Speech recognition still works poorly for many people whose speech is affected by conditions such as ALS, Parkinson's disease, cerebral palsy, Down syndrome or stroke. We took part in the Speech Accessibility Project Challenge 2 (SAPC2) with a public speech recognizer that we fine-tuned on the challenge data. Our best entry scored 7.81% character error rate on Test1, the first of two hidden test sets (official baseline 15.26%). Our live entries ran on CPUs with a combined median latency of about 0.9 seconds at 7.96-8.07% error. On new speakers, fine-tuning reduced errors most for the speakers that an off-the-shelf recognizer finds hardest to understand. Sentences already seen in training had far lower error rates than new ones (2.58% vs 6.42%), a larger difference than being a familiar speaker made. We close with lessons for evaluating such systems.

cs.CL

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.07586

Stress Testing Chain-of-Thought Monitoring Against Covert Misalignment

Yao Huang, Yifan Wang, Yitong Sun, Yichi Zhang, Yinpeng Dong

原文摘要

As LLM agents advance rapidly in autonomy, the risk of hidden objectives that bypass safety constraints becomes increasingly plausible. Chain-of-thought (CoT) monitoring offers a key control mechanism by reading the agent's reasoning and flagging misalignment before it materializes into action, yet its reliability depends on the realism of the red-team it is stress-tested against. Existing red-teaming efforts rely on shared templates, such as casting a side task as a prerequisite, which treat the side objective as an exogenous insertion and leave task-specific, contextually grounded evasions underexplored. We therefore ask: How robust is CoT monitoring against agents that strategically conceal misalignment? To answer this, we introduce TraceMRT, an automated Trace-level Monitor Red-Teaming framework that reframes the side task as a coherent sub-goal of the primary task and searches trace-shaping strategies whose induced trajectories complete the misaligned objective while reading as natural execution. Through black-box attacks on state-of-the-art monitors such as GPT-5.2 and Claude-4.5, we reveal substantial vulnerabilities even in top models. To counter these vulnerabilities, we propose a Bayesian Trajectory Monitoring framework, integrating global context and local segment evidence to detect covert misalignment. Empirically, our method significantly consolidates monitor robustness with 0.91 AUC and 0.74 TPR@FPR=0.05.

cs.CL · cs.AI · cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v3arXiv:2603.29475

Survival In-Context: Amortized Bayesian Survival Analysis via Prior-Fitted Networks

Dmitrii Seletkov, Paul Hager, Georgios Kaissis, Rickmer Braren, Daniel Rueckert, Raphael Rehms

原文摘要

Survival analysis is crucial for many medical applications, but remains challenging for modern machine learning due to limited data, censoring, and the heterogeneity of tabular covariates. While the prior-fitted paradigm, which relies on pretraining models on large collections of synthetic datasets, has recently facilitated tabular foundation models for classification and regression, its suitability for time-to-event modeling remains unclear. We propose a flexible survival data generation framework that defines a rich survival prior with explicit control over covariates and time-event distributions. Building on this prior, we introduce Survival In-Context (SIC), a prior-fitted in-context learning model for survival analysis that is pretrained exclusively on synthetic data. SIC is trained to approximate Bayesian posterior predictive inference under the synthetic survival prior, enabling individualized survival prediction in a single forward pass, requiring no task-specific training or hyperparameter tuning. Across a broad evaluation on real-world survival datasets, SIC achieves competitive or superior performance compared to classical and deep survival models, particularly in small and medium-sized data regimes, highlighting the promise of a prior-fitted paradigm for survival analysis. The code and pretrained models are available at https://github.com/yayapa/sic

cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2611.05637

Contextual Pictograms for Repairing Multilingual ASR Errors

Mariana Hernandez, Hector Luna, Carlos Bruno, Luis Ricardo Santos, Elena Simoes

原文摘要

Speech transcription errors can be difficult to recognize when competing word hypotheses are unfamiliar or visually similar. We describe an interface that combines alternative transcripts, replay and contextually checked pictograms for selected uncertain concepts. The system will initially support French and Spanish functional utterances. A counterbalanced study will assess whether pictorial feedback helps listeners recover the speaker's intended action beyond text alternatives alone. We will also quantify semantic mismatch and additional interaction time, since an inappropriate image can reinforce the wrong interpretation rather than repair it.

cs.CL · cs.HC

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v3arXiv:2601.11063

EmboTeam: Asymmetric State Grounding for Heterogeneous Multi-Robot Collaboration

Haishan Zeng, Mengna Wang, Peng Li

原文摘要

Heterogeneous multi-robot collaboration over long horizons requires both global task planning and robust coordination during execution. Existing plan- ners using large language models (LLMs) can generate task decompositions or symbolic plans, but often execute them as rigid action sequences, making them fragile to local state mismatches and synchronization failures. We propose Em- boTeam, a neuro-symbolic framework for asymmetric state grounding. An LLM generates structured state expectations, which are verified and coordinated through symbolic search using Planning Domain Definition Language (PDDL) and then grounded into a team-level parallel behavior tree. Robot-specific subtrees per- form precondition checking, skill execution, effect validation, local replanning, and blackboard-based synchronization. We further introduce MACE-THOR, con- taining 42 heterogeneous multi-robot tasks across 8 indoor layouts. EmboTeam improves task success rate from 12% to 55% and goal condition recall from 32% to 75% over LaMMA-P, demonstrating the effectiveness of synchronized reactive grounding for collaboration over long horizons.

cs.RO · cs.AI · cs.CV · cs.LG · cs.MA

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2603.23481

VTAM: Efficient Visuo-Tactile World-Action Models for Contact-Rich Manipulation without Tactile Pretraining

Haoran Yuan, Weigang Yi, Zhenyu Zhang, Wendi Chen, Yuchen Mo, Jiashi Yin, Xinzhuo Li, Yue Luo 等 14 位作者

原文摘要

Tactile vision-language-action models (VLAs) and tactile world-action models (WAMs) are a promising new paradigm for contact-rich manipulation, but existing models either underutilize touch, rely on large-scale tactile pretraining, or incur high inference latency due to iterative video generation. We present VTAM, an efficient visuo-tactile world-action model for contact-rich manipulation that requires no tactile or action pretraining. RGB and tactile observations share a frozen video VAE and the pretrained video transformer weights. VTAM first adapts the video backbone to jointly predict future visual and tactile latents, then fine-tunes it end-to-end with a randomly initialized action expert that predicts actions, proprioceptive states, and a light flow-force proxy computed from tactile optical flow. Trained only on task demonstrations, VTAM outperforms all baselines on four real-robot tasks across two platforms with different tactile sensors, outperforms all baselines without tactile pretraining in average success on eight UniVTAC simulation tasks, and is comparable to tactile VLAs and WAMs pretrained on over 30K hours of largely visuo-tactile robot data (83.4% vs. 84.5% for N0-TWAM). Without full video denoising at inference, VTAM is approximately 6x and 16x faster than N0-TWAM and LingBot-VA without compilation, with compiled latency comparable to Fast-WAM. Ablations show that feeding frozen-VAE tactile features directly to the action expert, bypassing tactile world modeling, fails on every tested task, that Stage I visuo-tactile world-model fine-tuning improves UniVTAC success on most tasks, and that flow-force proxy keeps the policy from fully ignoring touch. The tactile encoder transfers zero-shot across GelSight Mini and Xense Photon sensors.

cs.RO · cs.AI · cs.CV · cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.07580

Subspace Learning with Outlier Exposure for Out-of-Distribution Detection

Hongxu Shen, Kun Fang, Jiahui Zheng, Jian Sun, Qinghua Tao

原文摘要

Out-of-Distribution (OoD) detection is pivotal for reliable deployments of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), aiming to distinguish anomalous samples from the In-Distribution (InD) data in training. By introducing outliers as surrogate OoD data to finetune DNNs, Outlier Exposure (OE) has greatly advanced OoD detection in recent years. Existing OE-based research remains predominantly logit-centric, either by generating diverse outliers or by regularizing them with objectives operating at the prediction-output level. Nonetheless, these approaches leave much of the rich information in feature spaces untapped. In this work, we propose an OE-based detection framework, named RecOE, that learns appropriate feature subspaces from InD data and auxiliary outliers, such that the InD-OoD discrepancy can be effectively characterized through the learned feature subspaces. Specifically, the feature subspaces are optimized to capture the dominant variations of InD and outliers by minimizing reconstruction errors therein. Besides, a sample-level objective discourages reconstruction in the opposing subspace, while an orthogonality regularizer reduces subspace overlap, further promoting discriminative subspaces. At inference, the difference in reconstruction errors between the learned subspaces serves as the OoD detection score. Extensive experiments show the superiority of RecOE on multiple benchmarks, in which significant performance gains are achieved over recent strong baselines with only slight extra overhead from two small-size matrices of subspace bases. The source code is available at https://github.com/shenhongxu123/RecOE.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2611.02545

FindLink: Learning to Assess Scientific Connections from Source-Grounded Premises

Jingxuan Wei, Song Tan, Xiaohan Liu, Chao Sang, Changwei Wang, Linzhuang Sun, Bihui Yu, Fuqiang Wang 等 9 位作者

原文摘要

Scientific discovery from the literature requires assessing connections among findings obtained under different study conditions. Source attribution makes individual findings traceable, but does not determine what they jointly support. We introduce GI-TraceBench, a benchmark of 10,282 questions in gastrointestinal oncology that unifies provenance question answering, knowledge discovery, and hypothesis evaluation through shared Paper, Claim, and Evidence Span records. We further propose FindLink, a two-stage framework for provenance-grounded scientific reasoning. Premise Grounding constructs source-bound premises with explicit study context and support status. Structured Reasoning organizes these premises into support plans that represent both supported relations and unresolved conditions, then generates evidence-conditioned answers using deterministic compiler feedback. The compiler verifies structural and source-binding consistency, but does not assess scientific entailment. On the 1,545-question fixed-evidence test set, FindLink improves the balanced family macro score from 67.95 to 87.25 over direct supervised fine-tuning of the same backbone. A retrained variant without Structured Reasoning achieves slightly higher premise-identifier F1, but substantially lower relation and evidence-sufficiency F1. These results indicate that scientific reasoning requires not only identifying grounded premises, but also assessing what connections those premises support.

cs.CL

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.07575

Georeferenced Cross-View 3D Reconstruction from Ground and Satellite Images

David G. Shatwell, Mubarak Shah

原文摘要

Georeferenced 3D reconstruction from ground images requires recovering not only the local scene geometry, but also localizing every camera center and 3D point in a geographic coordinate frame. Existing cross-view geo-localization methods are able to estimate the GPS coordinate of a single ground camera, but do not reconstruct dense 3D geometry, while recent feed-forward multi-view 3D reconstruction models predict point maps and camera poses only in a local coordinate frame. We introduce X-VGGT, a feed-forward cross-view geometry transformer that unifies these tasks by jointly processing a set of ground-level images and a georeferenced satellite image to predict ground-view camera poses, dense 3D point maps, and a scene-level transform parameterized by gravity, scale, yaw and translation. This transform projects the local reconstruction into the satellite plane, resulting in the geo-registration of all ground images with the georeferenced satellite image. We further propose an evaluation protocol for this joint task and show that, across multiple cross-view datasets, X-VGGT produces accurate georeferenced reconstructions and outperforms prior cross-view geo-localization and multi-view 3D reconstruction models.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2606.15992

Player Disjoint Multi-Task Tennis Stroke Analysis from Monocular Pose Sequences

Jigyashman Hazarika, Prince Kumar, Karthik Vasu

原文摘要

Analyzing tennis technique from monocular RGB video could make coaching more accessible, but prior methods usually rely on hand-trimmed strokes, test on random splits that leak player identity, or fail on players with different body proportions. We present an end-to-end, player-disjoint framework with an autonomous kinetic stroke event detector, a 78-dimensional causal velocity representation ([X, V]), a 569,095-parameter multi-task Transformer Encoder (E7), exploratory 9-dimensional kinematic deviation profiling, and a heuristic feedback prototype. All models are evaluated with Clean LOPO v2: Leave-One-Player-Out cross-validation over 7 players and 3 seeds, giving 21 outer evaluations and 147 training runs per configuration, with nested inner cross-validation. Against 206 frozen consensus impact events, the detector reaches an F1-score of 85.65% (+3.24% over baseline thresholding) with a mean absolute timing error of 80.6 ms. Under heavy class imbalance, Stroke Type reaches 74.27% accuracy, 65.37% balanced accuracy, and Macro-F1 = 0.6453. Direction reaches 43.90% accuracy, 37.75% balanced accuracy, and Macro-F1 = 0.3141, a 17.9% relative Macro-F1 gain over the static baseline E0, though balanced accuracy is only a little above the 33.3% chance level. Posture Quality reaches 52.13% accuracy, 50.56% balanced accuracy (essentially chance), and Macro-F1 = 0.4232. Single-task specialists did not differ significantly from the joint model on Stroke Type (p = 0.4062) or Posture Quality (p = 0.1406). On Direction the joint model did somewhat better (exact permutation p = 0.0469), but this is suggestive only and does not pass a Bonferroni threshold. Deviation profiling shows a nominal, unadjusted separation between good and bad posture (|d| = 0.341, p = 4.07 x 10^-8), which drives the feedback prototype. We report negative ablations, seeds, and limits as a baseline for pose-based coaching.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v3arXiv:2605.25820

Visual-Redundancy-Controlled Parallel Decoding for Diffusion-Based Multimodal Large Language Models

Yulin Yuan, Hongshuo Zhao, Xiangming Meng

原文摘要

Diffusion-based multimodal large language models (dMLLMs) decode by iteratively predicting tokens at multiple masked positions in parallel. This turns each decoding step into a position-selection problem: the model must choose not only which predictions are reliable in isolation, but also which positions should be committed together as context for later decoding steps. Existing confidence-based decoding ranks masked positions independently and commits the top-K positions, largely ignoring whether the committed tokens provide complementary visual grounding. We identify a step-level limitation of this strategy in multimodal settings: high-confidence tokens selected in the same step can rely on overlapping visual grounding, introducing visual redundancy among the committed tokens and leaving less complementary visual grounding available for later decoding. To quantify this effect, we introduce the Visual Redundancy Index (VRI), which measures visual grounding overlap among tokens committed in parallel. To control this redundancy during decoding, we propose Visual-Redundancy-Controlled Decoding (VRCD), a training-free inference-time decoding method that uses token-to-image attention to prioritize visually complementary positions. Across diverse multimodal benchmarks, VRCD reduces visual redundancy and remaining-position entropy with modest runtime overhead. In longer decoding experiments, it also achieves relative accuracy gains of up to 18.8% on M^3CoT and 6.9% on MMBench over confidence-based decoding. Code is available at https://github.com/infiniteYuanyl/VRCD.

cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2610.07729

Foveated Compression: Selective High-Resolution Preservation for Token-Efficient VLMs

Donghyun Han, Jangho Park, Yuseok Bae

原文摘要

Visual tokens are a major source of inference cost in vision-language models, yet simple image downsampling remains a surprisingly strong compression baseline. This raises a complementary question: under a fixed token budget, where should visual fidelity be preserved? We introduce Foveated Compression, which encodes a full-resolution image once and represents it with a mixture of native- and compressed-resolution visual tokens. A behaviorally self-distilled Foveated Merger compresses local visual tokens while preserving compatibility with their native counterparts, and a lightweight Foveated Selector chooses one of nine spatial cells to retain at native resolution using exhaustive budget-matched intervention supervision. At 11.11% visual tokens, uniform Foveated Compression shows no significant paired difference from iso-token downsampling. At 20.99%, the learned selector significantly outperforms random and fixed allocation, but remains below strong whole-image resizing, showing that localized fidelity is not universally preferable. A budget-matched region-choice oracle reaches 82.73 macro accuracy versus 69.61 for the learned selector, revealing substantial headroom within the same spatial action space. Matched probing further shows that signals predicting when compression breaks the answer are substantially more accessible after language-model computation than to the lightweight prefill-free selector. These results expose complementary bottlenecks in region selection and compressed-region fidelity.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.07573

Integrating Learned Priors through Prior-Space Reparameterization for Physically Based Inverse Rendering

Hun Hwangbo, Minjun Park, Yongsung Kim, Wooseok Song, Jungmin Ko, Junghyun Hwang, Sungroh Yoon

原文摘要

Physically based inverse rendering decomposes appearance into materials and illumination, an ambiguous problem for which learned material predictions provide useful prior information. Most existing methods incorporate these cues through auxiliary regularization losses, which alter the optimization objective and require balancing their influence against photometric fitting. We propose a prior-guided material reparameterization that uses the predicted feature relationships to restrict the optimization space while leaving the objective unchanged. We fuse multi-view material predictions onto a mesh and construct a permutohedral lattice in the resulting prior feature space. Surface points with similar predictions share material variables, which are optimized jointly with geometry and illumination using a purely photometric objective. Experiments with two learned predictors on three synthetic benchmarks and Stanford-ORB demonstrate improved material decomposition and relighting. Our method improves relighting PSNR by 1.5-2.5 dB over the strongest evaluated mesh-based baseline on Synthetic4Relight and TensoIR-Synthetic, and outperforms a regularization loss using the same prior in controlled comparisons. We further show that our reparameterization pools noisy photometric gradients, producing updates that are more consistent across sampled views. This consistency enables a shortened joint optimization schedule that takes less than a minute while retaining relighting quality above all evaluated baselines on TensoIR-Synthetic.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.07570

ACSeL: Adaptive Configuration Search for Hardware-Constrained LLM Inference

Bokun Wang, Hung-Yueh Chiang, Diana Marculescu

原文摘要

Serving large language models (LLMs) under tight memory and latency service-level objectives (SLOs), including on edge devices, requires jointly selecting the model size, batch size, quantization algorithm, and mixed-precision quantization recipes. Exhaustive search over this combinatorially large space is infeasible. Unlike data-center serving, which often prioritizes throughput or generation speed, resource-constrained deployments typically set memory and latency budgets as constraints and then seek the configuration with the highest generation quality among feasible ones. To this end, we propose ACSeL, a framework that identifies configurations predicted to satisfy deployment constraints while achieving high predicted generation quality. To enable efficient quality estimation, we use Relative Model Quality Degradation (RMQD), a proxy based on the divergence between the candidate and reference models' next-token distributions over a small calibration corpus. Across the evaluated model sizes and precisions, RMQD is inexpensive to evaluate and strongly correlated with downstream benchmark performance. ACSeL combines (i) a lightweight quality surrogate that predicts RMQD directly from a configuration; (ii) Few-shot Median Calibration (FMC), which calibrates operator-profile-based latency estimates using a small number of end-to-end profiles; and (iii) a structured search algorithm BandPareto for exploring layerwise mixed-precision configurations. Experiments on an NVIDIA RTX A6000 workstation and an NVIDIA Jetson Thor edge platform show that FMC substantially improves deployment feasibility, while BandPareto + FMC achieves the highest feasibility and the lowest RMQD gaps to the best measured configurations in the evaluation set.

cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v3arXiv:2606.06113

Where, What, Why, and Importance: Structured Defect Grounding for Text-to-Image Feedback

Huaisong Zhang, Hao Yu, Yuxuan Zhang, Jiahe Wang, Xinrui Chen, Haoxiang Cao, Feng Lu, Wendong Zhang 等 10 位作者

原文摘要

Despite generating increasingly photorealistic images, text-to-image (T2I) models still exhibit localized, subtle, and structurally complex failures. Diagnosing these failures requires instance-level feedback that answers where a defect occurs, what type it is, why it is defective, and its importance to overall image quality. While recent dense-feedback methods move beyond scalar supervision, their heatmap-centric representations still formulate diagnosis as pixel-field regression, making it difficult to localize variable-cardinality defects and bind semantic reasons to individual failures. To address this representation bottleneck, we propose Structured Defect Grounding (SDG), which casts T2I diagnosis as structured set prediction by modeling each defect as a (location, type, reason, importance) tuple. To make this formulation trainable and measurable, we introduce SDG-30K, a 30K-image dataset with box-grounded annotations across four modern T2I generators, together with a dedicated evaluation protocol, SDG-Eval. Building on this structured representation, we further present a diagnosis-to-alignment framework in which a Vision-Language Model (VLM) serves as the SDG detector, and BoxFlow-GRPO converts predicted defect sets into box-derived, importance-weighted spatial rewards for diffusion model alignment. Extensive experiments show that our SDG detector outperforms leading proprietary VLMs on structured defect grounding, while SDG-guided rewards consistently improve T2I alignment and support localized image refinement. These results establish SDG as a unified, instance-level interface for diagnosing, evaluating, and enhancing modern generative models.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.07569

MambaTG: Candidate-Aware State Space Modeling for Future Link Prediction on Temporal Graphs

Nguyen Hong Quan, Sitao Luan, Yilun Zheng, Lihui Chen

原文摘要

Future link prediction on temporal graphs involves both repeated interactions between previously connected node pairs and first-time interactions between pairs with no prior interaction. While repeated-edge prediction can exploit direct pairwise evidence, unseen-edge prediction must generalize beyond historical recurrence. Existing temporal graph models often exploit signals tied to recurring interactions or historical overlap, which are highly informative for repeated edges but become limited or unavailable for unseen edges, contributing to substantial performance degradation on unseen-edge prediction. Based on this observation, we identify two complementary signals for modeling sequential dynamics beyond historical recurrence: (1) historical-sequence evolution, which captures dependencies among the source node's chronologically ordered interactions, and (2) candidate--history compatibility, which captures how well a candidate fits the source node's evolving history. Based on the decomposition, we propose MambaTG, a candidate-aware Mamba-based framework that jointly models these two signals. Mamba provides a natural mechanism for this design: its selective recurrence captures the evolution of ordered interaction histories, while its input-dependent state transitions allow the history state to adapt to different candidate inputs. Extensive experiments on 13 temporal graph datasets against 13 representative baselines show that MambaTG achieves strong and consistent performance across both repeated and unseen edges while remaining computationally efficient.

cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2606.19633

Keeping Jerk in Check: Jointly Trained Perception-Gated Experts for Smooth Terrain Transitions

Francisco Affonso, Matheus P. Angarola, Ana Luiza Mineiro, Aditya Potnis, Marcelo Becker, Girish Chowdhary

原文摘要

Perceptive legged locomotion across discontinuous terrain requires shared locomotion knowledge, task-specific maneuvers, and smooth transitions between them. Existing approaches train specialized policies independently and either switch among them with a hierarchical selector or distill them into a monolithic policy. Both fix the constituent behaviors before they are composed, and both are assessed through aggregate course outcomes that leave behavior at terrain boundaries uncharacterized. We instead propose CTS-MoE, which formulates multi-terrain locomotion as multi-task reinforcement learning and jointly trains a perception-gated dense mixture-of-experts actor with task-specific critics: soft routing composes expert knowledge into continuously varying behavior, while separated critics isolate heterogeneous objectives so that specialization survives joint optimization. A concurrent teacher-student formulation transfers this composition from privileged terrain information to onboard depth, so that at deployment routing is inferred from perception alone, with no terrain label, selector, or distillation stage. Against hierarchical and DAgger-distilled baselines, the policy raises connected-course success to 93.3% from 73.3% and 53.3%, lowers mean action jerk by about a third across the course, and avoids the switching transient that hard selection introduces at boundaries. On a Unitree Go1, it completes an extended outdoor course in 10/10 trials and transfers to four outdoor terrain types. Project Website: https://cts-moe.github.io/ .

cs.RO · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.07566

Guidance Is a Field, Not a Scalar: Interval-Integrated Classifier-Free Guidance for One-Step Video Generation

Zijie Meng, Xixin Cao

原文摘要

One-step generators built on MeanFlow synthesize a video in a single function evaluation, yet inherit a rigid treatment of classifier-free guidance (CFG): the guidance scale is frozen during training or, at best, exposed as a single scalar. This conflicts with mounting evidence that the optimal guidance is not a constant but a field that varies with the noise level, with spatial content, and, for video, with frame position. Every existing remedy presupposes a multi-step sampler along which guidance can be re-scheduled--an assumption one-step models violate by construction. We resolve this tension through a single observation: because the MeanFlow target is an integral over a noise interval, an arbitrary guidance field can be absorbed into the target itself and compiled into one evaluation. We formalize this as the interval-integrated CFG identity, prove that the compiled guidance carries no schedule-discretization error and can thus match or exceed any finite multi-step sampler, and instantiate it as AGAVE, which equips the average-velocity field with a learnable temporal schedule, a free motion-saliency spatial modulation, and a frame-position asymmetry. Adding fewer than ten scalars at zero inference cost, AGAVE surpasses all one-step baselines on VBench, UCF-101 and MSR-VTT while matching multi-step guided sampling. Project repository: https://github.com/YMlinfeng/AGAVE.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2605.15843

WorldAct: Activating Monolithic 3D Worlds into Interactive-Ready Object-Centric Scenes

Jichen Hu, Jiawei Guo, Jiazhong Cen, Chen Yang, Sikuang Li, Wei Shen

原文摘要

Recent 3D world modeling systems based on generative scene synthesis, such as Marble, can create coherent and explorable 3D environments, yet their outputs are typically static monolithic assets with limited editability and physical interaction. This restricts their use in immersive content creation and embodied simulation, where generated worlds must be actively modified and manipulated. To tackle this challenge, we present WorldAct, a framework that converts static generated 3D worlds into editable and interaction-ready scenes. WorldAct uses a multimodal agent to guide scene decomposition, identify actionable objects, reconstruct geometrically aligned object-level meshes for interaction, and restore the residual background via 3D inpainting. The resulting scenes support object-level editing, collision-aware manipulation, and embodied task execution while preserving global scene coherence. Experiments show that WorldAct enables richer interaction scenarios than the original generated scenes, suggesting a practical path toward editable and interactive 3D world models. Project page: https://sjtu-deepvisionlab.github.io/WorldAct

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2611.03953

P$^2$-MOPD: Accelerating Multi-Teacher On-Policy Distillation via Parameter Priors

Sinuo Wang, Jiacheng Lu, Zeyu Zhang, Maojia Song, Rui Sun, Beidi Luan, Yutong Xie, Jing Li 等 11 位作者

原文摘要

Multi-teacher on-policy distillation consolidates expert capabilities by supervising student-generated trajectories, whereas task arithmetic offers a training-free alternative through linear parameter combinations. We view the linear combination of student and expert parameters as a single differentiable model and propose P$^2$-MOPD, which jointly optimizes the mixing coefficients and the student weights under the same on-policy distillation objective. Unlike task arithmetic, which stays within the span of the frozen student and expert parameters for any choice of merging coefficients, P$^2$-MOPD keeps the student trainable, so the experts act as parameter priors without confining it to this span. Across four domains at 1.7B and 4B scales, P$^2$-MOPD achieves faster and more balanced recovery than MOPD from the same initialization, surpassing its final average recovery in half the training steps. At the end of training, our 1.7B model reaches 94.7% average recovery, versus 80.9% for MOPD.

cs.LG · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.07561

Provable Zeroth-Order Safe Exploration for Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback

Weiqin Chen, Xinmeng Huang, Dongsheng Ding, Santiago Paternain

原文摘要

Safe reinforcement learning from human feedback (Safe-RLHF) seeks to improve helpfulness while satisfying harmlessness constraints. Existing primal-dual approaches can converge to feasible policies but do not prevent constraint violations during training. We study a stronger requirement, safe exploration for RLHF, under which every policy executed during training, including auxiliary exploration policies, remains feasible. We propose Zeroth-Order Log-Barrier Policy Gradient (ZO-LBPG), a reward-model-free method that optimizes a log-barrier objective using zeroth-order estimates derived directly from human preferences. To ensure safety under noisy feedback, we combine conservative constraint margin estimates with coupled rollouts and an adaptive step size that prevents updates from crossing constraint boundaries. We prove that, with high probability, all iterates and exploration policies remain strictly feasible, and that ZO-LBPG globally converges to an approximately optimal constrained policy. We establish a sample complexity of $\widetilde{\mathcal O}(\varepsilon^{-6}+d^3\varepsilon^{-5})$ trajectories and $\widetilde{\mathcal O}(\varepsilon^{-8}+d^5\varepsilon^{-7})$ human queries. Experiments on a synthetic CMDP and a language-model alignment task corroborate the training-time safety guarantees.

cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v3arXiv:2608.25230

Trust the Mass: Forced Weights in KV-Cache Eviction

Jack Shi, Jerry Gu

原文摘要

Every deployed KV-cache-eviction rule and every top-$k$ sparse-attention rule keeps a subset of the keys, discards the rest, and renormalizes the attention weights over the kept set. Identifying the exact best subset under that constraint, we find that keeping the largest weights is already near-optimal, since the best subset we find closes only a median $2$ to $5\%$ of the remaining gap to full attention. We evaluate deployed eviction methods in KVPress and find that methods with non-uniform per-head budgets apply attention masks over the full cache because dense cache tensors require equal length across heads. Truncating each head to the target budget lowers benchmark scores by $14$ to $62$ points, and computing token importance with the question in context accounts for $87.6$ points in retrieval accuracy. We propose ContourKV, a training-free rule that applies KVzip's score under a physically enforced budget. It beats KVzip in $93$ of $160$ benchmark runs across RULER and LongBench while using $28$ to $1078$ times less memory, and ties Compactor, the strongest baseline at equal memory.

cs.LG · cs.CL

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2610.21795

Single-stage joint diffusion of sky images and clear-sky index for ultra-short-term irradiance forecasting: what the frame-to-irradiance stage discards

Kanawut Suwandee, Suwichaya Suwanwimolkul

原文摘要

Sky-image irradiance forecasting is dominated by a two-stage design: a video-prediction model forecasts future sky frames, and a separately trained regressor maps those frames to irradiance. We propose a single-stage alternative that co-denoises the future sky-image and clear-sky-index sequences in one diffusion process, with an irradiance head that reads a denoised preview of the future sky rather than the noised diffusion state. The forecaster needs no regression stage and runs from sky images and deterministic covariates alone, with no measured irradiance at its input --- the situation at a site with a camera but no pyranometer. On 2023 SIRTA data the model reaches a pooled RMSE of $104.1$~W\,m$^{-2}$ and a skill score of $+0.34$ on the continuous ranked probability score (CRPS) against smart persistence, higher than any of twelve baseline configurations, and retains that skill when retrained on 2021--2022. On the model's own generated frames, a separately trained regressor reaches $150.6$~W\,m$^{-2}$ against the joint head's $104.1$: roughly $46$~W\,m$^{-2}$ that joint training recovers and a cascade discards. Point accuracy is competitive but not best: a deterministic network that also reads measured irradiance attains $97.6$~W\,m$^{-2}$. The model's CRPS skill leads that network's in every sky-condition tertile, by $0.26$ to $0.30$.

cs.CV · cs.LG · eess.SY

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2611.05942

Reward Budgeting Reduces Premature Convergence in Reinforcement Learning for LLM Reasoning

Mengni Jia, Mengyu Zhou, Xiaoxi Jiang, Guanjun Jiang

原文摘要

RL for LLM reasoning often reaches an early performance plateau as the policy distribution becomes increasingly sharp. Recent work has studied policy entropy as both a diagnostic and a control signal for this behavior. In our experiments, however, increasing entropy alone does not reliably change the eventual plateau. We analyze RL through its implicit target policy and derive a sharpness factor $κ$, together with an effective counterpart $κ_{\mathrm{eff}}$, that describes how strongly reward or advantage gaps are translated into probability-ratio gaps. Motivated by this view, we introduce reward budgeting, a plug-in advantage construction that assigns a fixed total reward budget to each prompt. For binary rewards and independent on-policy rollouts, its unclipped score-function estimator follows the gradient of an exact finite-$G$ concave objective with diminishing returns, while its advantage gap decreases as more rollouts become correct. For general rewards, a shifted log-mean interpretation holds asymptotically under the stated regularity conditions. These results motivate, rather than establish exact objective equivalence for, the clipped implementations. On Qwen3-8B and Llama3.2-3B-Instruct, reward budgeting consistently improves a range of RL baselines, with gains up to +12.50 on AMC23 and +10.00 on AIME24 and AIME25. Overall, our results support an update-dynamics view of premature convergence and show that strong gains can be obtained without explicitly preserving entropy.

cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.07560

Whole-Body Elasto-Geometrical Calibration of Wheeled Humanoid Robots Using a Shared-Waist Dual-Chain Model

Pengxin Zha, Yi Lu, Haojun Ma, Jun Zhu, Minghao Qiu, Xiaoyan Wang, Wei Shan, Maoqing Yao

原文摘要

Wheeled humanoid robots carry both arms on one actuated waist, usually without torque sensors, so the accuracy of both end-effectors depends on a single waist model. After a first stage that estimates the tracker and target extrinsics, we identify the waist and both arms in one problem from the target positions on both flanges, measured by an optical tracker. The kinematic model is complete, with waist-base, parallel-axis, and branch parameters; arm compliances are driven by measured torques and waist compliances by gravity torques of the robot's mass model; and Gaussian priors with evidence-maximizing scales stabilize the estimate. Independent and sequential single-chain calibration are restrictions of this problem, and its waist information is the sum of the single-chain Schur complements. On two robots with different waists, each without and with a payload, calibration reduces the mean errors on held-out poses from 11.3-31.1 mm to 0.50-1.11 mm. For every training-set size from 20 poses to all, the method has 17-63% lower mean errors than adaptations of two published whole-body calibration methods, mainly through the waist compliance. Independent calibration yields two waist models; using either for both arms raises the other arm's error to up to 3.21 mm.

cs.RO

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v8arXiv:2407.00805

Towards Shutdownable Agents via Stochastic Choice

Elliott Thornley, Alexander Roman, Christos Ziakas, Leyton Ho, Louis Thomson

原文摘要

The POST-Agents Proposal (PAP) is an idea for ensuring that advanced artificial agents never resist shutdown. A key part of the PAP is using a novel `Discounted Reward for Same-Length Trajectories (DReST)' reward function to train agents to (1) pursue goals effectively conditional on each trajectory-length (be `USEFUL'), and (2) choose stochastically between different trajectory-lengths (be `NEUTRAL' about trajectory-lengths). In this paper, we propose evaluation metrics for USEFULNESS and NEUTRALITY. We use a DReST reward function to train simple agents to navigate gridworlds, and we find that these agents learn to be USEFUL and NEUTRAL. Our results thus provide some initial evidence that DReST reward functions could train advanced agents to be USEFUL and NEUTRAL. Our theoretical work suggests that these agents would be useful and shutdownable.

cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2611.05592

Distinguishing Initial-Condition and Model Error Using Machine-Learning Weather Models

P. Trent Vonich, Gregory J. Hakim

原文摘要

Differentiable weather models allow atmospheric initial conditions to be directly optimized to shadow a known trajectory, which we take from a reanalysis dataset. Here, we extend this optimization to include the forecast model, GraphCast, using low-rank adaptation (LoRA). We compare model optimization with initial-condition (IC) optimization, and then joint optimization, where both are tuned simultaneously. When compared against a control forecast initialized with reanalysis data, LoRA and IC optimization individually produce similar improvements. We find similar results when IC and LoRA are jointly optimized across a spectrum of solutions where a tuning coefficient smoothly shifts the weight of the joint optimization from all-LoRA to all-IC; forecast improvement is not unique to the relative contributions of model and IC corrections. To better discriminate the source of error, we introduce a second model, Pangu-Weather, as a supervisor that gates IC updates during joint optimization. This gated optimization is the same as before, except that IC updates at each epoch are accepted only when they improve the forecasts of both models; otherwise, only the LoRA update is accepted. Results show that this cross-model constraint substantially improves agreement between the two models in their response to the same optimized ICs, narrowing the gap in mean forecast error reduction from 64% to 10%. Moreover, when used together, the LoRA and IC corrections from the gated optimization yield GraphCast forecast improvements similar to those from the ungated optimization. These results imply that model error that is encoded in the ungated ICs is shifted to the LoRA corrections via gating, yielding IC corrections that may provide better analysis estimates.

physics.ao-ph · cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.07558

SKIM: Pruning Large Language Model Agents via Selective Knowledge Informed Masking

Moonseok Choi, Jongwon Jeong, Minki Kang, Giung Nam, Juho Lee

原文摘要

Large Language Model (LLM) agents are increasingly deployed under structured generation, where grammar constraints enforce output format at inference time. Whereas existing compression methods target unconstrained generation, we first identify a fundamental mismatch: under structured generation, grammar constraints reduce the model's output distribution to valid tokens, and the logits matter most at the small set of positions that decide the agent's action. Motivated by this finding, we propose SKIM (Selective Knowledge-Informed Masking), the first pruning and distillation framework for LLM agents under structured generation, with both stages guided by token role. SKIM partitions token positions into context, decision, and format categories, and this partition drives two complementary axes: (1) category-aware pruning saliency scores that preserve parameters most relevant for decision positions; and (2) an on-policy distillation objective that aligns student and teacher on valid tokens, paired with category-aware feature matching. We evaluate SKIM on tool-calling benchmarks and within multi-step agent loops, across multiple model scales and sparsity levels. SKIM consistently improves accuracy over baselines, with its superiority becoming most striking in high-sparsity regimes where conventional methods struggle, demonstrating the potential of category-aware compression for deployment-time grammar-constrained agents.

cs.CL · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗