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新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.34766

Factorized Gradients for Scalable Highly-expressive Parametric Diffeomorphisms

Amit Aflalo, Eran Treister, Chaim Baskin, Oren Freifeld

原文摘要

Diffeomorphisms provide a flexible, topology-preserving mathematical tool for modeling complex spatial or temporal deformations and are used in various scientific fields. However, making these deformations simultaneously highly expressive and computationally efficient remains challenging. Continuous Piecewise-Affine Based (CPAB) transformations (Freifeld et al., ICCV 2015; IEEE TPAMI 2017) offer an attractive solution by parameterizing a family of diffeomorphisms via continuous velocity fields that are piecewise affine with respect to a chosen tessellation of the domain. Importantly, $d=\dim(θ)$, the dimension of the parameter vector $θ$, depends on the fineness of the tessellation rather than on the data resolution. Despite this compact parameterization, CPAB optimization has long been hindered by the tight coupling between trajectory integration and gradient computation with respect to $θ$. We introduce FG-CPAB, a factorized-gradient formulation for scalable CPAB transformations. By separating integration from parameter-space projection, our method reduces gradient computation complexity from $\mathcal{O}(dTN)$ to $\mathcal{O}(TN+dC)$, where $T$ is the number of integration steps, $N$ is the number of transformed points, and $C$ is the number of tessellation cells. This reformulation yields speedups of up to four orders of magnitude (e.g., $\approx 10^4\times$ in 2D), substantial memory savings (e.g., $\approx 500\times$ reduction in peak GPU memory usage in 2D), and dramatically higher expressiveness. This makes fine-tessellation CPAB practical in 2D and 3D for the first time, enabling highly expressive parametric diffeomorphisms.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v3arXiv:2603.18404

Multi-Domain Empirical Bayes for Linearly-Mixed Causal Representations

Bohan Wu, Julius von Kügelgen, David M. Blei

原文摘要

Causal representation learning (CRL) aims to learn low-dimensional causal latent variables from high-dimensional observations. While identifiability has been extensively studied for CRL, estimation has been less explored. We use empirical Bayes (EB) to estimate causal representations from multiple domains whose differences reflect interventions in a shared causal model. Multi-domain CRL poses a simultaneous inference problem suited to EB. Here, we propose an EB $f$-modeling algorithm that improves the quality of learned causal variables by exploiting invariant structure within and across domains. Specifically, we consider linear measurement models with interventional priors induced by an acyclic latent causal model with known graph and intervention targets. We develop an EM-style algorithm based on causally structured score matching. In experiments on synthetic and semi-synthetic single-cell data, our proposed method achieves more accurate estimation than alternative methods and baselines.

stat.ML · cs.LG · stat.ME

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.34765

Efficient Multi-modal Video Fusion Network with Dynamic Region-Guided Temporal Interaction

Jingxue Huang, Xiaosong Li, Yi Lin

原文摘要

Multi-modal video fusion aims to generate temporally coherent videos with salient targets and rich structural details by integrating complementary information from heterogeneous sensors. However, existing video fusion methods commonly rely on optical flow estimation and feature warping for inter-frame alignment and cross-frame information aggregation to maintain temporal consistency, thereby introducing considerable computational overhead and making the fusion performance vulnerable to flow estimation errors. To address these limitations, this paper proposes an efficient multi-modal video fusion network with dynamic region-guided temporal interaction. Specifically, the proposed spatio-temporal interaction module leverages the Test-Time Training paradigm to model temporal dependencies with linear complexity. Building on this design, the module restricts temporal modeling to key dynamic regions in the video sequence, as static background regions provide limited temporal cues. By excluding low-variation tokens from unnecessary temporal interaction, this selective strategy contributes to improved fusion quality and temporal consistency. In addition, leveraging the strong ability of pretrained MAE features to capture global structural dependencies, we introduce a feature-level temporal consistency constraint to suppress local flickering by aligning the inter-frame variation directions of the fused and source videos. We further propose a new MAE-based temporal metric that quantifies directional distance between their temporal variations within dynamic regions. Experimental results demonstrate that, compared with existing state-of-the-art methods, our method achieves superior fusion quality and temporal consistency on multiple benchmark datasets, while exhibiting high computational efficiency under edge-device deployment settings.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.34764

SLIDE: Search-to-List Item Distillation for Single-Rollout Generative Retrieval

Tianyu Zhan, Gui Ling, Ran Tao, Kunhai Lin, Tong Xiong, Wang Yang, Kaixuan Zhang, Zhihong Chen 等 12 位作者

原文摘要

Generative retrieval (GR) typically relies on item-level beam search to retrieve candidates, leaving cross-item dependencies unmodeled and limiting direct optimization of list-level objectives. A natural alternative is to generate the entire list within a single autoregressive trajectory. However, greedy decoding with directly trained list-wise models substantially underperforms beam search. We identify two contributing factors: the broader search space explored by beam search and the positional bias of scarce positive signals, which deprives later positions of adequate supervision. To address these challenges, we propose $\textbf{SLIDE}$, a search-to-list item distillation framework that decouples offline search from online list generation. A teacher model retrieves high-quality candidates through offline item-level beam search, providing additional conversion-relevant supervision beyond sparse behavioral labels. Their Semantic IDs (SIDs) are then concatenated in beam-score order to form list-wise distillation targets. This search-to-list conversion transforms candidates retrieved along separate search paths into sequential item-generation targets within a single trajectory. Trained on these targets, the student generates the Top-$K$ list in a single greedy pass, also decoupling teacher scaling from online deployment. Experiments on FORGE and Taobao Search show that SLIDE substantially improves retrieval quality under single greedy decoding and, with stronger offline teachers, surpasses the beam-search reference. Supplementary RL experiments support the effectiveness of list-level generation.

cs.IR

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.34759

From Belief Inference to Task Action: A Multi-Level Evaluation of Theory of Mind on Verifiable Tasks

Zhenshuai Yin, Yongxin Guo, Mingda Zhang, Zhongze Luo, Haoyue Liu, Lianmin Zhang, Xiaoying Tang

原文摘要

Effective collaboration requires language models to understand what others know and believe, and to act accordingly. Models that assume others share their information may omit necessary communication and undermine coordination. Many theory-of-mind (ToM) benchmarks assess mental-state inference through story questions, but correct answers do not establish that models can use these judgments in subsequent tasks. We introduce a multi-level evaluation built on existing, verifiable tasks. We extend household collaboration and calendar scheduling with asymmetric information while retaining their original constraints and validators. Independent interfaces assess world understanding, information access, beliefs, decisions, and execution. Controls supply personal evidence or correct beliefs to distinguish state recovery from state use. Across six model configurations, these abilities diverge. On matched scheduling cases, Claude recovers all agent beliefs correctly but produces subjectively optimal plans in only 67.9% of cases. In household collaboration, supplying beliefs raises Qwen-27B success from 55.0% to 75.0%, yet Qwen-4B answers every fixed supplied-belief source question correctly while completing only 20.0% of the corresponding continuation condition. These results show why ToM evaluation must connect perspective inference to independently verified decisions and task consequences.

cs.CL

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2608.25302

WAVE: Wavelet-Controlled Coarse-to-Fine Guidance for Depth Super-Resolution

Tayyab Nasir, Daochang Liu, Ajmal Mian

原文摘要

Guided depth super-resolution (GDSR) typically extracts RGB guidance features through convolutional hierarchies, inheriting their fine-to-coarse bias. Thus, low-level spatial cues surface in early layers, leaving the deeper layers to suppress those that do not correspond to true depth boundaries, which risks artifacts and blurred edges. The same fine-to-coarse bias persists in semantics-based methods that consume low-level tokens early and global tokens late. We present WAVE, which introduces a multi-level discrete wavelet transform (ML-DWT) as an explicit and interpretable feature-control mechanism, enabling a coarse-to-fine reconstruction by consuming sub-bands and semantic tokens in reverse of their generation order. WAVE further exploits these sub-bands to treat high- and low-frequency content separately, isolating the misleading RGB color and texture cues before any feature is learned so that their admission can be controlled explicitly, offering an intuitive alternative to the suppression learned implicitly by an opaque network. WAVE separates structure and detail reconstruction into dedicated modules that: i) model interactions within and across wavelet sub-bands, depth features, and semantic priors, ii) apply semantic gating to the high-frequency bands, and iii) fuse modalities through an invertible coupling mechanism that prevents collapse onto a single modality. Extensive experiments across multiple benchmarks demonstrate that WAVE matches or outperforms existing methods, with the largest gains at high upsampling factors, where low-resolution depth contains the least structure.

cs.CV · cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2605.17558

Firefly: Illuminating Large-Scale Verified Tool-Call Data Generation from Real APIs

Yuxuan Lu, Ziyi Wang, Yingzhou Lu, Yisi Sang, Jiri Gesi, Xianfeng Tang, Yimeng Zhang, Zhenwei Dai 等 15 位作者

原文摘要

Training tool-calling agents requires large-scale trajectory data with verifiable labels, yet existing approaches either synthesize environments that diverge from real API behavior or generate tasks without ground-truth outcomes for verification. We present FireFly, a pipeline for generating verified tool-call data from real-world MCP servers. Our key insight is to invert the standard synthesis pipeline: rather than generating tasks and hoping they are solvable, we first let a strong LLM explore real APIs along graph-guided DAG structures, then synthesize tasks backward from observed outcomes, guaranteeing label correctness by construction. To handle the scale of real-world tool spaces (${\sim}$1,000 tools), we build a pairwise tool graph and sample sub-DAGs to focus exploration on semantically coherent workflows. To address environment drift in live APIs, we construct a retrieval-augmented simulator that caches all exploration results and replays them during training and evaluation, enabling fully offline and reproducible RL. Applying this pipeline yields 5,144 verified tasks spanning 240 servers and 993 tools. A 4B-parameter model trained with GRPO on FireFly matches Claude Sonnet 4.6 on our held-out test set and shows improvements on multiple tool-calling benchmarks including Tau2-Bench, MCPMark, and MCP-Atlas.

cs.SE · cs.CL

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.34756

Mechanistic Insights into LoRA: Layer Sparsity for Adaptive Fine-Tuning via Path Patching

Fei Zuo, Yizhou Huang, Kezhi Wang

原文摘要

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has emerged as the dominant paradigm for parameter-efficient fine-tuning of large language models. Standard all-layer LoRA applies adaptation throughout the transformer, despite heterogeneous contributions from its components. In this work, we conduct a systematic mechanistic interpretability analysis to understand how LoRA affects model internals. We observe that LoRA's adaptation effect is highly non-uniform, with significant component-wise and layer-wise sparsity. Most critically, we find that important layers are highly task-dependent, with limited overlap across tasks. Motivated by these insights, we propose Adaptive-LoRA, a calibration-driven method that automatically identifies task-specific layers via frozen-base zero-ablation, enabling efficient layer selection without exhaustive search. Extensive experiments on Qwen2.5-1.5B across 11 diverse reasoning tasks demonstrate that Adaptive-LoRA outperforms full-layer LoRA while using only 30% of layers, achieving a $3.5\times$ reduction in adapter parameters. This work bridges mechanistic interpretability and practical efficiency, providing both fundamental insights and a principled approach for adaptive fine-tuning.

cs.LG · cs.CL

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.34754

Beyond Profit Rankings: Identifying, Understanding, and Evaluating Smart Money in Prediction Markets

Huaiyu Jia, Shuo Sun

原文摘要

Prediction markets have emerged as an important mechanism for aggregating information and trading beliefs about future events. The transparency of on-chain transactions has enabled investors to identify historically profitable wallets, commonly referred to as smart money, and replicate their trading activities through copy trading. However, despite the growing popularity of smart-money tracking, systematic research on these wallets' trading behavior, profitability persistence, and the economic feasibility of following their trades remains limited. To address this gap, we conduct a comprehensive empirical study of Polymarket, the most popular decentralized prediction market, by reconstructing wallet-level trading activities from on-chain transactions, position changes, market histories, and settlement outcomes. We first examine the distribution and persistence of historical profitability using statistical analysis and logistic regression, and further characterize heterogeneous trading strategies through multidimensional behavioral profiling and unsupervised clustering. Building on these findings, we develop an evidence-grounded multi-agent research framework that integrates wallet behavior, market conditions, and real-world information to generate interpretable and verifiable explanations of individual trades. Finally, we implement a real-time copy-trading system and evaluate its practical feasibility through order-book-aware paper trading and live on-chain execution. Our findings reveal substantial behavioral heterogeneity among historically profitable wallets and highlight the challenges of translating observed trading performance into replicable economic returns.

cs.CE

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.34750

Linear Hashing Is Poissonesque

Vinayak M. Kumar

原文摘要

The Poisson approximation theorem states that when $m$ balls are tossed uniformly and randomly into $n$ bins, the distribution of the bin loads can sometimes be approximated by $n$ independent Poisson random variables of mean $m/n$. We show that when the balls are tossed via a random $\mathbb{F}_2$-linear map, the load distribution is still governed by this Poisson distribution, albeit in a (necessarily) weaker manner. This allows us to show that a random linear map behaves like a fully random map in the following ways: 1. $\textbf{Expected loads.}$ We show that the expected value of the $r$th largest bin is governed by the $r$th largest value among $n$ independent Poisson random variables of mean $m/n$. Specializing to the canonical setting of $m=n$ and $r=1$, our bounds show that the expected maximum load when $n$ balls are hashed into $n$ bins by a random $\mathbb{F}_2$-linear map is no more than the corresponding expectation for a fully random map $\textit{plus}$ $\frac{3}2 + o(1)$. Specializing to $m\gg n\log n$, we show that the expected max load is $(1+o(1))m/n$ in this regime. 2. $\textbf{Concentration.}$ When $m\gg n\log (1/ρ)$ balls are tossed into $n$ bins randomly, we expect with $0.99$ probability that $\textit{every}$ density-$ρ$ subset of bins will contain a $(1\pm o(1) )ρ$-fraction of the balls. We show that this remains the case if the $m$ balls are tossed using a random linear map, and our bound matches the $o(1)$-factor produced by the fully random case. This gives a stronger version of the Leftover Hash Lemma for linear maps. An implication of this is that all bins have load $m/n \pm O(\sqrt{(m/n)\log n})$ with probability $0.99$. We obtain these results by showing that the average of a log-potential on the bin loads is upper bounded by the cumulant generating function of a Poisson random variable of mean $m/n$.

cs.DS · cs.CC · cs.IT · math.PR

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2306.08757

InfoDiffusion: Representation Learning Using Information Maximizing Diffusion Models

Yingheng Wang, Yair Schiff, Aaron Gokaslan, Weishen Pan, Fei Wang, Christopher De Sa, Volodymyr Kuleshov

原文摘要

While diffusion models excel at generating high-quality samples, their latent variables typically lack semantic meaning and are not suitable for representation learning. Here, we propose InfoDiffusion, an algorithm that augments diffusion models with low-dimensional latent variables that capture high-level factors of variation in the data. InfoDiffusion relies on a learning objective regularized with the mutual information between observed and hidden variables, which is designed to improve latent space quality and to prevent the latents from being ignored by expressive diffusion-based decoders. Empirically, we find that InfoDiffusion learns disentangled and human-interpretable latent representations that are competitive with state-of-the-art generative and contrastive methods, while retaining the high sample quality of diffusion models. Our method enables manipulating the attributes of generated images and has the potential to assist tasks that require exploring a learned latent space to generate quality samples, e.g., generative design.

cs.LG · cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2603.14271

Adaptation of Foundation Models in Medical Image Analysis: Mechanisms, Evidence, and Deployment Considerations

Karma Phuntsho, Abdullah, Kyungmi Lee, Ickjai Lee, Euijoon Ahn

原文摘要

Foundation models, pretrained on diverse data, objectives, or modalities for reuse across downstream tasks, are increasingly applied to medical image analysis. Their performance depends not only on pretraining but also on how they are adapted to specific tasks, data regimes, and deployment settings. Whereas previous reviews have considered adaptation within broader syntheses, this review focuses specifically on post-pretraining interventions applied to existing FMs. Using a structured narrative review with a systematic, auditable workflow, we identified 719 eligible reports representing 705 independent studies. Of these, 473 provided controlled comparative evidence: 322 formally published studies formed the primary synthesis and 151 preprint-only studies a sensitivity layer. Adaptation was organized into five non-mutually exclusive families: parameter-level, representation-level, objective-level, data-centric, and architectural/sequence-level adaptation, with model use and update regime analyzed separately. Controlled comparisons showed no consistent ranking among frozen, parameter-efficient, partial, or full updating, or across broader adaptation families; outcomes varied by task, data regime, comparator, and evaluation setting. Clinical-readiness evidence remained limited: 173/705 studies (24.5\%) had confirmed independent external validation, 10 (1.4\%) reported calibration or uncertainty evidence, and 97/322 formally published comparative studies (30.1\%) included a qualifying externally validated arm. Overall, FM adaptation is a context-dependent design space rather than a hierarchy of preferred strategies.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.34748

Babysitting AI Agents: A User-Centered Taxonomy and Study of Agentic Delegation Failures

Shravika Mittal, Sunnie S. Y. Kim, Scott Counts, Jennifer Neville, Debarati Das, Philippe Laban

原文摘要

Users are increasingly delegating tasks to AI agents, allowing agents to perform long-running, multi-step workflows on their behalf. However, agents may perform these tasks in ways that depart from users' expectations for how they should be carried out, leading to what we call agentic delegation failures. We leverage a large corpus of 163,487 Reddit posts, describing AI agent use, to develop MANDATE: a taxonomy of 23 failure categories organized into seven groups. A follow-up study with 73 AI agent users examined the relationship between prevalence and perceptions of severity and noticeability, finding that failures rated as more severe are considered harder to notice, and that prior experience with a failure is associated with greater noticeability. Finally, we assess the maturity of research on each failure and identify commonly encountered failures that have received little attention (e.g., agents running without making progress). Our findings inform opportunities to make delegation easier for users to oversee and better studied by the research community.

cs.HC · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.34747

Query-Driven Learning for Lifted Reasoning

Luise Ge, Brendan Juba

原文摘要

Learning and reasoning are both essential to intelligent agents, but have traditionally been treated as two separate stages: first learning a knowledge base from data (or taking one as given), and then verifying queries as if the knowledge base were complete. This separation has been shown to be inefficient when the downstream goal is to verify only a small set of queries. Moreover, it neglects the possibility that data and a knowledge base contain partial yet complementary information, requiring an agent to combine both sources to justify or refute a query. Motivated by the need to integrate learning and reasoning more tightly, we study the problem of query-driven learning for reasoning. More specifically, we extend prior work to the first-order setting, which is critical for practical applications as the number of ground atoms typically grows rapidly. We begin by asking when validating or refuting a universal query given partial data and knowledge base is even possible, and identify a necessary and sufficient condition called bounded concealment. We then propose a quasi-polynomial-time algorithm that solves the task at the lifted level. Finally, we establish soundness and completeness guarantees relative to space-bounded lifted proofs, along with quasipolynomial sample and runtime bounds, demonstrating that lifted query-driven reasoning can be efficient even when unrestricted knowledge-base learning is not.

cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v3arXiv:2509.23056

FMC-DETR: Frequency-Decoupled Multi-Domain Coordination for Aerial-View Object Detection

Ben Liang, Hongguang Wei, Yuan Liu, Bingwen Qiu, Yihong Wang, Xiubao Sui, Qian Chen

原文摘要

Remote sensing object detection is a critical technology for real-world applications such as natural resource monitoring, traffic management, and UAV-based rescue. Detecting tiny objects in high-resolution aerial imagery remains challenging due to weak visual cues and insufficient global context modeling in complex scenes. Existing methods often suffer from delayed contextual interaction and limited nonlinear reasoning, which restrict their ability to effectively refine shallow representations and ultimately lead to suboptimal performance. To address these challenges, we propose FMC-DETR, a frequency-decoupled fusion framework for aerial-view object detection. First, we propose the Wavelet Kolmogorov-Arnold Transformer (WeKat) backbone, which employs cascaded wavelet transforms to enhance global low-frequency structure perception in shallow features while preserving fine-grained details, and further leverages Kolmogorov-Arnold networks for adaptive nonlinear modeling of multi-scale dependencies. Second, we introduce the Multi-Domain Feature Coordination (MDFC) module, which refines cross-scale fused representations through partial-channel spatial, spectral, and structural coordination, thereby strengthening small-object-related feature responses in cluttered scenes. Finally, we design the Compact Partial Fusion (CPF) module, which performs compact multi-branch aggregation with progressive partial refinement to improve feature diversity and multi-scale interaction while preserving stable information flow and reducing redundant perturbation. Extensive experiments across multiple remote sensing benchmarks demonstrate that FMC-DETR achieves state-of-the-art performance and significantly outperforming the baseline detector. Code is available at https://github.com/bloomingvision/FMC-DETR.

cs.CV · cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.34746

DecisionTraceBench: Tracking Decision-Critical Information in Multi-Party Spoken Conversations

Wenchao Du, Fangxin Shang, Long Wu, Runze Cui, Qing Yang, Yehui Yang

原文摘要

In high-stakes domains such as finance, critical information evolves through multi-party interaction. Recovering these changes and their sources is fundamental to reliable speech understanding. Existing speech benchmarks focus on transcription, local understanding, and turn-level state prediction, leaving joint decision evolution across speakers insufficiently evaluated. We introduce DecisionTraceBench, a speech state-tracking benchmark for Decision-Critical Information State Tracking (DCIST). It jointly evaluates decision event sequences, speaker attribution, scope, and temporal evidence, using trajectory-level F1 to measure complete event-chain recovery. Our dataset comprises Chinese financial dialogues involving two to four speakers, with 100.39 hours of synthetic audio and 8.61 hours of human-performed recordings. On a fixed cohort of human-performed recordings, five cascaded systems and two direct-audio models achieve DCIST scores of 5.73% to 21.35%. Ablations with speaker-labeled reference scripts and no temporal localization requirements yield a maximum score of only 38.72%. Audio perturbation experiments further show that overall transcription error rates do not adequately reflect complete trajectory recovery. These findings reveal limitations in jointly understanding information provenance and state evolution, providing a benchmark for evaluating decision-process understanding and decision traceability in high-stakes speech applications.

cs.CL

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.34745

SceneAgent: An Agentic Pipeline from 3D and 4D Captures to Simulation Environments

Luke Hollis, Tianxing Fan, Heng Yang

原文摘要

Visual captures provide detailed scene appearance, but converting them into interactive simulation environments requires object reconstruction, physical modeling, and correction of intermediate errors. We present SceneAgent, an agentic pipeline that coordinates these steps through simulator-based visual inspection and repair. The pipeline processes 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS), photogrammetry, LiDAR captures, AI-generated 3DGS scenes, and 4D videos of dynamic scenes, and combines object segmentation, physical parameter estimation, part decomposition, articulation, and deformable simulation. To support policy learning, SceneAgent generates diverse object variants ("digital sisters") and scripted demonstrations. On a cluttered bin scene from GraspClutter6D, SceneAgent raises F1 at 1 cm for every coding agent with scorable outputs both with and without its skills, and its reconstructions are better than SimFoundry: all agent configurations exceed SimFoundry's F1 score, with a best of 60.75% versus 6.9%. On three dynamic scenes from 4DCodeBench, SceneAgent raises the mean dynamic IoU of Gemini 4 Argon from 0.86% to 99.09%. We further demonstrate diverse simulated interactions and preliminary policy transfer to a real robot.

cs.RO · cs.AI · cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.34742

From Sentinel-2 to 1-m Imagery: Real-World $\times 10$ Cross-Sensor Super-Resolution via Visual Autoregressive Modeling

Tailai Chen, Yuluxin Fu, Jie Deng, Shu Luo, Yanan Wu, Danfeng Hong

原文摘要

Reconstructing 1-m imagery from Sentinel-2 combines two difficulties. The input and the reference are observed by different satellites, which differ in spatial resolution, spectral response, radiometry, acquisition time, and local geometry, so no synthetic degradation operator links them. The required magnification of ten in each spatial dimension also far exceeds the factors of two to four at which remote sensing super-resolution is usually developed. We study this real-world $\times 10$ problem using YREB-SR, which pairs 2022 Sentinel-2 RGB composites with 2022 Jilin-1 RGB references resampled to a 1-m grid over the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The benchmark contains 11,559 geographically matched scene pairs, with 6,409, 2,135, and 3,015 assigned to training, validation, and testing, respectively. We develop CrossVAR, a visual autoregressive model that predicts the 1-m latent as a nine-scale hierarchy conditioned on the Sentinel-2 input and estimates the remaining quantization residual with a diffusion refiner run without injected noise. Complete 1600 $\times$ 1600 scenes are reconstructed in overlapping windows that start on the Sentinel-2 pixel grid, as every training patch does, and every window is decoded at the size on which the decoder was trained before the windows are blended with Gaussian weights. On all 3,015 test scenes, CrossVAR achieves 27.60 dB PSNR, 0.7725 SSIM, 0.1451 LPIPS, and 7.15 FID, the best value of each metric among the compared methods. These results establish a strong autoregressive baseline for large-scale cross-sensor reconstruction. To facilitate reproducibility, the source code and implementation are publicly available at https://github.com/SHANOAL/RSSR.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2610.18298

Output Discipline Sets the Floor: A Falsification-Guided, Model-Agnostic Agent Protocol for Auditable Hypothesis-Driven Decision Making

Jing Liu, Yongxing Qi, Ping Yao, Ting Wu

原文摘要

What binds large language models on auditable, hypothesis-driven decision tasks, where every candidate can be checked against the evidence? On the public TCMEval-SDT benchmark for Traditional Chinese Medicine syndrome differentiation (200 cases), the binding constraint is output discipline and reasoning structure, not model capability alone: two years of model scaling move zero-shot scores by only -0.03 to +0.08, while output-discipline failures (non-terminating reasoning, format non-compliance, large run-to-run spread) persist even in frontier models. We test this with a model-agnostic agent framework formalizing decision making as a five-stage closed loop, enforced by a candidate x evidence matrix falsification protocol: every candidate is judged against every evidence item, at least half of the candidates must be falsified before a conclusion is licensed, and survivors are emitted in a machine-verifiable single-line format. Across five base models, the effect is sign-conditional on zero-shot output discipline: it rescues models whose discipline fails (DeepSeek-V4-Flash: +0.267/+0.271, entirely termination rescue), reduces a high-variance model's run-to-run standard deviation from 0.218 to 0.007 (Kimi K3), and significantly costs already-disciplined models (-0.087 to -0.120 on budget-matched Qwen3-4B/32B). Ablations attribute the cost to the candidate-bounded format layer and show the effect is independent of injected knowledge content (protocol-knowledge decoupling). The protocol also transfers to misinformation-robust mathematical reasoning, detecting injected false premises at 89.8% recall with a 6.8% false-positive rate (MCC 0.54; a flag-everything baseline scores 0) and restoring accuracy to the no-misinformation ceiling. Where zero-shot output discipline is weak, the reasoning protocol sets the floor; base-model capability always sets the ceiling.

cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.34740

Networked Humanoid Intelligence: Communication, Coordination, Collaboration, and Social Interaction

Loc X. Nguyen, Huy Q. Le, Ji Su Yoon, Nguyen H. Tran, Eui-Nam Huh, Choong Seon Hong

原文摘要

Humanoid robots are moving from laboratory platforms toward connected fleets that share workspaces, infrastructure, tasks, and knowledge with other robots and humans. As deployments grow, the operation and improvement of each humanoid depend on information exchanged across the network. However, existing research has largely studied humanoids as individual systems. This survey examines networked humanoid intelligence through four functions of information exchange: communication, coordination, collaboration, and social intelligence with human interaction. We first establish the foundations of networked humanoid systems, define the question addressed by each function, and connect them through a common factory scenario. We review the literature along six dimensions: interaction architecture, exchanged information, physical coupling, operating timescale, system scale, and embodiment. We separate results obtained with physical and simulated humanoids from those based on other robotic platforms or disembodied agents, because the latter do not fully capture humanoid-specific constraints such as balance, whole-body motion, contact, and physical interaction. We examine hardware, datasets, and benchmarks, and distinguish risks handled locally from those networking introduces, such as stale information or unsafe knowledge propagation. Finally, we identify open problems in control-aware networking, compact body-centric messages, physically grounded coordination, network- and embodiment-aware knowledge sharing, fleet-level social consistency, and accountable human oversight.

cs.RO · cs.ET · cs.NI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2512.21711

Do Latent Tokens Think? A Causal and Adversarial Analysis of Chain-of-Continuous-Thought

Yuyi Zhang, Boyu Tang, Tianjie Ju, Sufeng Duan, Gongshen Liu

原文摘要

Latent tokens are gaining attention for enhancing reasoning in large language models (LLMs), yet their internal mechanisms remain unclear. This paper examines the problem from a reliability perspective, uncovering fundamental weaknesses: latent tokens function as uninterpretable placeholders rather than encoding faithful reasoning. While resistant to perturbation, they promote shortcut usage over genuine reasoning. We focus on Chain-of-Continuous-Thought (COCONUT), which claims better efficiency and stability than explicit Chain-of-Thought (CoT) while maintaining performance. We investigate this through two complementary approaches. First, steering experiments perturb specific token subsets, namely COCONUT and explicit CoT. Unlike CoT tokens, COCONUT tokens show minimal sensitivity to steering and lack reasoning-critical information. Second, shortcut experiments evaluate models under biased and out-of-distribution settings. Results on MMLU and HotpotQA demonstrate that COCONUT consistently exploits dataset artifacts, inflating benchmark performance without true reasoning. These findings reposition COCONUT as a pseudo-reasoning mechanism: it generates plausible traces that conceal shortcut dependence rather than faithfully representing reasoning processes.

cs.CL · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v3arXiv:2606.01734

FlatVPR: Plug-and-play Geo-linear Residual Adapter for Geometric Rectification of Foundation Model Feature Manifolds

Rai Hisada, Kanji Tanaka

原文摘要

This paper proposes ``FlatVPR,'' a novel geometric rectification paradigm that effectively bridges the trade-off between map lightweightness and localization accuracy in visual place recognition (VPR) by enforcing a feature manifold structure where any descriptor between two adjacent anchors $\mathbf{z}_A$ and $\mathbf{z}_B$ can be accurately reconstructed via linear interpolation $\hat{\mathbf{z}}_{pseudo} = (1-t)\mathbf{z}_A + t\mathbf{z}_B$, where $t \in [0,1]$ denotes the relative position. While state-of-the-art foundation models such as DINOv2-ViT-S/14 provide robust semantic features, their latent manifolds exhibit prominent curvature, projecting uniform linear motion in physical space onto highly non-linear trajectories in the feature space, which hinders reliable reconstruction under sparse anchor conditions. To enable the aforementioned interpolation-based reconstruction, we introduce a residual transformation $\hat{\mathbf{z}} = \mathbf{z} + \text{Res}(\mathbf{z})$ to the raw foundation features $\mathbf{z}$, where $\text{Res}(\cdot)$ represents a learnable adapter. Our method explicitly suppresses manifold curvature using a mathematically grounded Pullback Flatness Loss that minimizes the deviation of intermediate features from the linear segment connecting adjacent anchors, thereby minimizing the intrinsic curvature of the manifold. Through this spatial flattening, map construction is formulated within an Expectation-Maximization (EM) framework, decoupled into a continuous M-step for manifold adaptation and a conceptual E-step for optimal anchor selection guidelines. Experiments on the NCLT dataset demonstrate that the application of our adapter leads to significant performance improvements even under extremely sparse anchor conditions with 100m intervals and extreme seasonal changes.

cs.CV · cs.LG · cs.RO

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.34739

Discovering Topics from Linear Autoencoders

Jutiyakhun Srisoparp, Donlapark Ponnoprat

原文摘要

Linear recommenders and topic models are similar in that they implicitly learn from co-occurrences of items. However, there has been little study of how these two model families are related. In this work, we show that, under a latent-factor model of the user-item interactions, the latent topics can be discovered from the weight matrix of a closed-form linear autoencoder. These topics provide a basis for interpreting the recommendations, and can be obtained directly from the trained recommender without additional training. Building on our analysis, we further propose novel item and user normalizations that prevent popular items and very active users from dominating the topics. Our experiments on six public datasets demonstrate that our method achieves significantly higher topic quality than every dedicated topic model and matches or exceeds the best linear autoencoder on all six datasets, while its recommendation performance is competitive with the best tuned recommender.

cs.IR · cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.34737

LADDER: Diagnosing Domain-Level Self-Assessment Under Noisy Feedback

Zhenshuai Yin, Jianshu Liang, Xuyue Xiong, Yongxin Guo, Mingda Zhang, Zhongze Luo, Haoyue Liu, Lianmin Zhang 等 9 位作者

原文摘要

Knowing when they are reliable is essential for language models to support human-AI collaboration. Yet interaction feedback is not always complete or correct, and may mislead models' understanding of their own capabilities. We introduce LADDER to study how language models assess themselves under unreliable feedback. Our findings show that models can accurately report supplied performance information while still struggling to form trustworthy self-assessments from interaction experience. Apparently accurate assessments can obscure capability differences and do not necessarily predict future task performance. These findings suggest that trustworthy self-assessment should be evaluated against observed task performance and its predictive value. Our study provides empirical evidence of the limits of model self-knowledge and a basis for evaluating capability awareness in reliable human-AI collaboration.

cs.CL

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2603.25343

Second order Recurrences, quadratic number fields and cyclic codes

Minjia Shi, Xuan Wang, Bouazzaoui Zakariae, Jon-Lark Kim, Patrick Solé

原文摘要

Wall-Sun-Sun primes (shortly WSS primes) are defined as those primes $p$ such that the period of the Fibonacci recurrence is the same modulo $p$ and modulo $p^2.$ This concept has been generalized recently to certain second order recurrences whose characteristic polynomials admit as a zero the principal unit of $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{d}),$ for some integer $d>0.$ Primes of the latter type we call $WSS(d).$ They correspond to the case when $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{d})$ is not $p$-rational. For such a prime $p$ we study the weight distributions of the cyclic codes over $\mathbb{F}_p$ and $\mathbb{Z}_{p^2}$ whose check polynomial is the reciprocal of the said characteristic polynomial. Some of these codes are MDS (reducible case) or NMDS (irreducible case).

math.NT · cs.CR

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.34735

iPrefBench: A User-Centric Benchmark for Personalized Mobile Use Agents

Yuting Ning, Ruijia Cheng, Sushobhan Ghosh, Peitong Duan, HungShi Lin, Abhishek Sundararajan, Shreyash Pandey, Huan Sun 等 10 位作者

原文摘要

An agent that truly knows and acts on behalf of its user has been a long-standing promise of AI assistants. Computer-use agents bring this promise within reach by capably executing fully specified tasks across apps. However, real-world user requests are often underspecified. To act correctly for the particular user, an agent must infer some missing information from the user's activity history and ask for other information that only the user can provide, without making unsupported assumptions or burdening the user with unnecessary questions. We present iPrefBench, a benchmark for evaluating the infer and ask capabilities of personal mobile-use agents in an executable iOS environment with an interactive simulated user. Grounded in a coherent persona with 3,051 past activity events, iPrefBench comprises 130 underspecified user tasks across 26 apps. Each omitted user-dependent requirement is, by construction, either history-inferable or ask-only. iPrefBench evaluates personalized mobile agents on both whether agents complete tasks correctly for the user (i.e., personalized task completion) and whether they seek user input when necessary (i.e., user-agent interaction). Evaluation of 7 frontier agents reveals a substantial gap between execution and personalization. Agents achieve high action completion scores (up to 91.6%) but low full task success (up to 47.7%) because personalization lags behind. They especially struggle with ask-only information, failing to request enough necessary information. Our findings highlight a challenge for personalized agents in knowing what to infer and when to ask. We hope that iPrefBench can serve as a valuable testbed for building agents that know their user and work with them.

cs.CL

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.34734

FGD2HF: Frequency-guided Dual-domain Hypergraph Fusion for Semantic Segmentation

Xiaofan Yang, Wei Pan, Yubin Liu, Junyu Wu, Junming Zhang, Jie Zhao

原文摘要

Frequency-domain information is beneficial for semantic segmentation. However, existing frequency-based methods often suffer from insufficient frequency utilization, inefficient fusion, and high computational complexity. To address these issues, we propose FGD2HF, a dual-domain fusion network that leverages frequency features to guide spatial-domain fusion and enhancement. Specifically, we introduce a novel Hybrid-Attention Encoder (NAHA) that jointly models local and global relationships through neighborhood and hypergraph attention, enhancing the network's ability to extract effective features. We further introduce a Wavelet Transform and Enhancement (WTE) module to extract and refine low- and high-frequency cues from preceding-stage features, followed by Frequency-guided Dual-domain Fusion (FGDF) modules that use frequency cues to condition current-stage spatial grouping and feature propagation. This design incorporates both global and local frequency guidance into spatial feature modulation, enhancement and fusion with low computational cost. Extensive comparisons with numerous state-of-the-art semantic segmentation methods demonstrate that our method is highly competitive. Our full FGD2HF-B model achieves 48.7% mIoU on ADE20K (+0.3% over SegMAN-B with 18% fewer GFLOPs), 83.2% mIoU on Cityscapes (comparable to SegMAN-B with 21% fewer GFLOPs), and 1.1% higher mIoU than VWFormer-T on SBD with 21% fewer GFLOPs, while also achieving significant improvements in boundary segmentation accuracy.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.34732

Affective and Functional Needs in AI Use: User Patterns and Their Relation to Real-Life Support and Well-Being

Jessy Wang-Sun, Estelle Yiyuan Sun, Hualin Zhang, Zihan Xu

原文摘要

Conversational AI systems are increasingly used to fulfill both functional and affective needs, yet how users perceive the AI-adoption effects varies. Existing research tends to treat these two needs as binary categories and to classify users by a single dominant need. However, this approach fails to capture users who engage with AI for both affective and functional purposes simultaneously, leaving it unclear how these needs combine in real-world AI use. To capture the multifaceted nature of users' AI engagement, we developed the AI-Support measurement with 1,090 participants, grounded in social support theory, which evaluates four dimensions of perceived AI support: emotional/esteem, social companionship, informational, and instrumental support. This study provided (1) an AI-Support Scale developed to measure the perceived support types from human-AI interaction, (2) evidence that users might adopt AI with a high level of both functional and affective use, and (3) exploratory indicators of users' real-life social support and well-being, enabling descriptive results aligning with theoretical expectations. Overall, this study highlights the importance of understanding individual differences in AI affordance use, enabling AI systems to be designed in alignment with different user adoption profiles rather than assuming uniform benefits across all users.

cs.HC

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.34731

MCF: A Memory- and Communication-Aware Co-Designed Framework for Long-Context LLM Inference

Huaizhi Zhang, Jiacheng Zhu, Xuqi Zhu, Junkyu Lee, Klaus McDonald-Maier, Xiaojun Zhai

原文摘要

This paper presents Memory- and Communication-Aware Framework for Long-Context LLM Inference (MCF) that optimizes long-context inference through communication-aware and stage-adaptive KV-cache layout transitions. At the core of MCF is {Memory-Aware Replication and Scheduling} (MARS), a dynamic orchestration mechanism for chunked prefill. MARS exploits early-stage memory headroom by selectively replicating highly reused KV blocks, improving locality and hiding KV propagation latency behind attention computation. As prefill progresses and memory pressure increases, MARS progressively drains redundant replicas and converges the KV cache into a sharded decode-ready layout, avoiding expensive layout conversion at the prefill--decode boundary. For decoding, MCF adopts a query-centric execution model in which KV shards remain stationary while lightweight query tensors are routed across workers. This changes communication from KV-cache-dependent transfer to query-dependent transfer, reducing communication growth with context length. MCF further integrates a hardware-software co-designed execution layer based on an FPGA compute-NIC datapath, enabling metadata-driven KV routing and collective operations directly in the network path. Experiments show that MCF improves TTFT, throughput, and scalability over state-of-the-art distributed inference systems, with larger benefits as context length and cluster size increase.

cs.AR

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v4arXiv:2603.11147

Catalogue-Grounded Multimodal Attribution for Museum Video under Resource and Regulatory Constraints

Minsak Nanang, Adrian Hilton, Armin Mustafa

原文摘要

Museum audiovisual archives are important records of visual culture, yet in-gallery video remains difficult to search because it lacks catalogue-compatible metadata. We propose CaGMulA, catalogue-grounded multimodal attribution for museum video: a locally deployable pipeline that combines video-language models, structured catalogue retrieval, and abstention-aware decision policies. The system summarises visible artworks, generates catalogue-style descriptions, and attributes title and artist only when evidence is sufficient. We evaluate VideoLLaMA2 and Qwen2-VL across four model configurations and four attribution modes on 18 in-gallery videos. Open-ended generation fails under conservative conditions, producing 0\% coverage across models. By contrast, closed-set catalogue retrieval reaches 100\% coverage with 62\% accepted title--artist correctness, while a verifier-gated hybrid mode reduces coverage to 50\% but improves accepted correctness to 78\%. The results show that reliable museum-video attribution is driven less by unrestricted generation than by catalogue grounding, visual retrieval, and selective abstention for curatorial review.

cs.MM · cs.CV · cs.LG

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