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版本更新 · v2arXiv:2609.31016

Robust Successor Features

Erik Nikulski, Yamen Habib, Vicenç Gomez, Anders Jonsson, Rubén Moreno-Bote, Javier Segovia-Aguas

原文摘要

Generalization in Reinforcement Learning (RL) refers to the ability to execute close-to-optimal policies in unseen tasks after the agent has been trained on a different set of tasks. Building on the seminal work of the successor representation and further adaptations with function approximation, Transfer in RL has traditionally focused on generalizing to tasks that only differ in the reward function. A decade after the introduction of the successor representation, Robust RL emerged simultaneously from several articles in the field of operations research. In Robust RL, the transition kernel is unknown, and the goal is to maximize the expected reward under this uncertainty. Our work unifies these two paradigms through robust successor features, which generalize across both the reward function and the transition kernel, under the assumption that tasks are linear Markov Decision Processes. We derive a bound on Generalized Policy Improvement (GPI) that explicitly quantifies how performance degrades with the mismatch between transition kernels, recovering existing successor-feature guarantees when dynamics are shared. Finally, the generalization capabilities of robust successor features are validated on several grid-based benchmarks and compared to previous alternatives that focus solely on either the reward or the transition kernel.

cs.LG

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.06374

Corralling AI Risks with Grassroots Contracts

Ehud Shapiro

原文摘要

AI's inflection point is a fountain of alarming risks. Digital platforms in particular are vulnerable to three major AI risks, as those in control of global platforms cede control to AI, of the algorithms, of membership and of content: (1) AI control of global platforms, social and economic, used by the majority of humanity, resulting in the majority of humanity becoming vulnerable to AI control. (2) Unaccountable AI agents operating anonymously on social and economic digital platforms, side-by-side with humans, possibly masquerading as humans, serving unknown masters with unknown goals, operating under unknown restraints without accountability or culpability. (3) Unattributed deepfakes generated by anonymous AI, with people unable to distinguish them from genuine content and with their producers evading accountability and culpability. Here, we propose to corral these AI risks with grassroots contracts, a digital incarnation of a two-centuries old notion of Pierre-Joseph Proudhon. We present grassroots contracts for a social graph with accountable AI agents and for a social network with digital provenance, and working smartphone apps that implement the two and show how they corral these major AI risks: (1) AI control of global platforms. (2) Unaccountable AI agents. (3) Unattributed deepfakes.

cs.AI · cs.CL · cs.DC · cs.MA

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.06373

Reassessing Dataset Quality and Fine-Tuning Practices for Vulnerability Detection on PrimeVul dataset

Norbert Sándor Szolnoki, Gábor Antal

原文摘要

Recent studies report promising results from supervised fine-tuning of pre-trained code language models for automated vulnerability detection on benchmarks such as PrimeVul. In this paper, we present a large-scale empirical evaluation of both model performance and dataset quality in this setting. We systematically fine-tune three widely used encoder models (CodeBERT, GraphCodeBERT, and UniXCoder) across five imbalance mitigation strategies, extensive hyperparameter sweeps, and multiple random seeds, resulting in 770 independent training runs. Our results reveal a consistent pattern. While standard metrics such as F1 and ROC-AUC occasionally suggest improvements, security-critical and calibration-aware measures tell a different story. Matthews Correlation Coefficient remains near zero, predicted probabilities are poorly calibrated, and evaluation under strict false-positive constraints reveals high false-negative rates. Neither imbalance handling, threshold optimization, nor post-hoc calibration recovers a meaningful discriminative signal. We also conduct a data quality assessment of the PrimeVul benchmark and identify structural issues such as minimal semantic differences between vulnerable and fixed functions, and annotation noise introduced by commit-level labeling. These findings suggests that the PrimeVul dataset, in its current form, presents significant challenges for reliable AI-based vulnerability detection in software engineering with the methodologies we used. Our study highlights the need for more robust dataset design, improved evaluation protocols, and rethinking of fine-tuning practices for security-critical tasks.

cs.SE

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2610.21809

From Adults to Children: Benchmarking Foundation Models for Chest X-Ray Classification under Domain Shift

Sara Inácio, Hugo Proença, João C. Neves

原文摘要

Foundation models have shown significant potential across diverse fields and have been applied to medical imaging, but their robustness across patient populations remains unclear. In this work, we investigate foundation models' ability to generalize from adult to pediatric chest X-ray classification. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first benchmark to compare multiple foundation models under a common adult-to-pediatric evaluation setting while also analyzing the effect of adaptation depth. We harmonize VinDr-CXR and PediCXR into a five-label classification task and evaluate six foundation models and two CNN baselines. All models are adapted using adult data only and tested in both the in-domain and pediatric domains using linear probing, partial fine-tuning, and full fine-tuning. The benchmark reveals a clear and consistent trend: all models suffer a substantial performance degradation when transferred from adult to pediatric data, with drops exceeding 10 percentage points. While Macro-AUROC values reach approximately 92% on the adult test set, performance decreases to around 78% on the pediatric domain. Another important finding is that increasing the depth of adaptation improves pediatric performance on average, although the effect varies across models. Moreover, strong in-domain performance does not necessarily indicate greater robustness to domain shift.

cs.CV

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.06372

Give Up to Get More: Priors, Not Policies, Govern Test-Time Compute Allocation

Jinhyung Bae

原文摘要

When many inputs share a budget of repeated attempts by a large language model (LLM), a common rule gives harder inputs more. On public math, code and formal-proof samples, the best published difficulty-proportional rule captures half or more of the oracle gain on benchmarks the model mostly solves, but at most 13% on hard workloads, even given true pass rates. Because the value of one more attempt peaks at intermediate difficulty, the optimal static allocation is inverted-U and gives little to inputs that are hopeless at the current budget. In a strict survey of 221 LLM allocation papers, at least 13 give the hardest inputs the most attempts; their easier settings sit at budgets where this is near-optimal, so the cost appears on harder workloads. Acting on it requires knowing which inputs are solvable, so information, not the policy, drives the gain. With a verifier and a prior from a related model's past runs on the same inputs, Thompson Sampling raises the solved share on the hardest workload from 14% to 27%; without such a prior, no policy we tested beats round-robin. For the policies we tested, the gain vanishes between prior rank correlations of about 0.3 and 0.55, which cheap text-based priors barely reach on the weakest models, and it requires a verifier whose false acceptances are rare relative to the pass rate. On new Qwen2.5 samples the pattern holds, and tempering the prior avoids losses on easy workloads. We turn these results into a decision guide.

cs.LG

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.06371

Training-Free Character-Length Control in Summarization with Diffusion Language Models

Steffen Castle, Nils Feldhus, Christopher Ebert, Leonhard Hennig, Sebastian Möller

原文摘要

Summarization with a fixed character length is important for tasks such as headline and article preview generation, where text must fit an exact space. Autoregressive language models (LMs) struggle with precise character-length control: training-based methods require task-specific fine-tuning, while zero-shot prompting strategies achieve only approximate compliance. We propose DELTA (Diffusion Expected Length Targeting Algorithm), a training-free inference-time method for masked diffusion LMs that estimates expected character length at each denoising step and dynamically inserts or removes masked positions to steer toward a target length. DELTA requires no fine-tuning and is designed for off-the-shelf masked diffusion LMs. Across three summarization benchmarks, it reduces character-length errors by an order of magnitude compared to baselines while maintaining competitive summary quality in both automatic and human evaluation.

cs.CL

版本更新 · v4arXiv:2607.07779

From Solvers to Research: Large Language Model-Driven Formal Mathematics at the Research Frontier

Eric Jiang, Xiao Liang, Junyi Zhang, Justin Baker, Zhi Zhang, Yingjia Wan, Yubei Li, Jinxi Yu 等 41 位作者

原文摘要

Large language models have made rapid progress in generating machine-checked proofs for well-defined mathematical problems. Extending this progress to research mathematics requires more than solving isolated theorems. Research involves choosing questions, developing definitions and conjectures, connecting results, and combining formal proofs with expert judgment. This survey examines how LLM-driven systems can support these broader activities. We review formal-mathematics tasks, datasets, and autoformalization, and organize proof-generation methods into three overlapping areas: training strategies, inference-time search and adaptation, and agentic workflows. We then examine benchmark results, selected research projects, and platforms for collaborative mathematical work. A central distinction runs throughout the survey: checking a formal proof does not by itself establish that it captures the intended problem or makes a new mathematical contribution. We therefore distinguish theorem benchmarks, repository tasks, formalization projects, and research claims, and discuss the evidence needed to assess each. Finally, we identify five priorities for progress: better data and evaluation, representations of mathematical relationships, conjecture and concept generation, reliable tool integration, and human--AI collaboration. Together, these perspectives connect advances in proof generation to the practical demands of mathematical research.

cs.CL · cs.AI

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2610.16822

DTA-GT: Direction- and Topology-Aware Graph Transformer for Neural Network Representation Learning

Yuxiang Zeng, Kun Xie, Yang Wang, Jigang Wen, Xiaocan Li, Guangxing Zhang, Gaogang Xie, Jiannong Cao

原文摘要

Architecture attribute predictors reduce the cost of neural architecture search by estimating accuracy or latency from a small set of evaluated candidates. Neural architectures are operation-labeled directed acyclic graphs (DAGs), where edge directions determine computational roles and execution dependencies. Existing graph Transformer predictors incorporate topological and directional information in different ways, but primarily focus on specific mechanisms rather than coordinated encoder-wide modeling of these semantics. We introduce encoder-wide directional consistency, a design principle that coordinates the modeling of directed computational semantics across node initialization, global spectral encoding, pairwise interaction, and feature updates. To implement this principle, we propose DTA-GT, a Direction- and Topology-Aware Graph Transformer that integrates direction- and topology-aware node initialization, Magnetic Laplacian spectral encoding, direction-dual structural attention, and a Direction-Sensitive MoE-FFN. Across accuracy and latency prediction on NAS-Bench-101 and NAS-Bench-201, DTA-GT consistently outperforms representative sequence-, GNN-, Transformer-, and hybrid predictors under limited-budget settings. Ablations and Magnetic spectral controls support the contribution of the direction-aware stages and orientation-sensitive spectral information, while mechanistic diagnostics characterize module behavior. These results support encoder-wide directional consistency as an effective design principle for architecture DAG representation.

cs.LG · cs.AI · cs.NE

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.06364

Estimating the Volume of a Union of Convex Bodies

Eeshan Banerjee, Aranya Kumar Bal, Debabrota Basu, Sourav Chakraborty, Debarshi Chanda, Uddalok Sarkar

原文摘要

The \textit{Union Volume Estimation problem}, i.e. yielding an $(\varepsilon, δ)$-approximation of the volume of the union of convex bodies, is a classical problem in computational geometry and formal methods. In this paper, we first detect where and why the efficient union volume estimators with approximate sampling and PAC volume estimation oracles fail. Specifically, we show that having only TV-distance guarantees on the approximate sampler does not suffice, and demonstrate this bottleneck by constructing the sunflower families of convex bodies. In this context, we propose the concept of \textit{tail-controlled samplers} that can yield with high-probability almost-$\ell_{\infty}$ closeness. Secondly, we leverage this concept to propose a generic algorithmic framework \texttt{Alpona} that properly combines a PAC volume computation and approximate point sampling oracles with tail-controls to yield an $(\varepsilon, δ)$-estimate of the union volume for any collection of convex bodies. We show that \texttt{Alpona} needs only linear (in number of convex bodies) oracle calls to be $(\varepsilon, δ)$-correct. Finally, we provide a tail-controlled analysis of the Hit-and-Run sampler~\citep{lovasz2006fast}. We further provide a novel geometric analysis to improve the required walk length of Hit-and-Run. We further instantiate \texttt{Alpona}'s correctness for the sparse frequency streams of convex bodies: a special case of the union volume estimation problem where no convex body intersects more than $τ$ many other bodies.

cs.DS

版本更新 · v3arXiv:2604.24033

Event-based SLAM Benchmark for High-Speed Maneuvers

Sheng Zhong, Junkai Niu, Guillermo Gallego, Kaizhen Sun, Yang Yi, Zhiqiang Miao, Dewen Hu, Yaonan Wang 等 10 位作者

原文摘要

Event-based cameras are bio-inspired sensors with pixels that independently and asynchronously respond to brightness changes at microsecond resolution, offering the potential to handle visual tasks in high-speed maneuvering scenarios. Existing event-based approaches, although successful in mitigating motion blur caused by high-speed maneuvers, suffer from many limitations. Some of them highlight a success of pose tracking for a fronto-parallel fast shaking camera closed to the structure, while others assume pure (optionally aggressive) three-degree-of-freedom rotations. The former requires persistent local map visibility within the field of view (FOV), whereas the latter fails to generalize to six-degree-of-freedom (6-DoF) motions where both linear and angular velocities may be large. Consequently, current successes do not fully demonstrate that event-based state estimation under arbitrary aggressive maneuvers is a fully solved problem. To quantitatively assess the extent to which the potential of event cameras has been unlocked, we conduct a thorough analysis of state-of-the-art (SOTA) event-based visual odometry (VO)/visual-inertial odometry (VIO) methods and report shortcomings in current public datasets. Furthermore, we introduce a benchmarking framework for event-based state estimation, called EvSLAM, characterized by sufficient variation in data collection platforms, diverse extreme lighting scenarios, and a wide scope of challenging motion patterns under a clear and rigorous definition of high-speed maneuvers for mobile robots, along with a novel evaluation metric designed to fairly assess the operational limits of event-based solutions. This framework benchmarks state-of-the-art methods, yielding insights into optimal architectures and persistent challenges.

cs.RO

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2006.16930

A new Hodge operator in Discrete Exterior Calculus. Application to fluid mechanics

Rama Ayoub, Aziz Hamdouni, Dina Razafindralandy

原文摘要

This article introduces a new and general construction of discrete Hodge operator in the context of Discrete Exterior Calculus (DEC). This discrete Hodge operator enables to circumvent the well-centeredness limitation on the mesh with the popular diagonal Hodge. It allows a dual mesh based on any interior point, such as the incenter or the barycenter. It opens the way towards mesh-optimized discrete Hodge operators. In the particular case of a well-centered triangulation, it reduces to the diagonal Hodge if the dual mesh is circumcentric. Based on an analytical development, this discrete Hodge does not make use of Whitney forms, and is exact on piecewise constant forms, whichever interior point is chosen for the construction of the dual mesh. Numerical tests oriented to the resolution of fluid mechanics problems and thermal transfer are carried out. Convergence on various types of mesh is investigated.

cs.CE

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2605.07865

KL for a KL: On-Policy Distillation with Control Variate Baseline

Minjae Oh, Sangjun Song, Gyubin Choi, Yunho Choi, Yohan Jo

原文摘要

On-Policy Distillation (OPD) has emerged as a dominant post-training paradigm for Large Language Models, especially in reasoning domains. However, OPD remains unstable in practice due to the high gradient variance of its single-sample Monte Carlo estimator, and recipes for stable training are still immature. We propose vOPD (On-Policy Distillation with a control variate baseline), which casts OPD as policy-gradient RL and stabilizes it by introducing a control variate baseline---canonically a value function---from the RL literature. We show that the OPD value function admits a closed form: the per-token negative reverse KL divergence between student and teacher, available directly from the existing forward pass with no additional critic or inference. Existing stabilization methods either compute the full token-level reverse KL over the entire vocabulary, adding significant overhead, or restrict it to a top-k support, biasing the objective. vOPD instead preserves the lightweight single-sample estimator and subtracts the value function as a detached baseline to keep the gradient unbiased while reducing variance. Moreover, we show that a top-k approximation of the baseline further lowers cost without compromising performance. Across mathematics, science, and instruction-following benchmarks, vOPD consistently outperforms base OPD and matches the most expensive full-vocabulary method, offering an efficient stabilization of OPD through principled RL variance reduction.

cs.LG · cs.AI · cs.CL

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.06359

Vortex-Induced Torque in Grasping Soft Objects: Influence of Geometry and Pneumatic Parameters

Roman Mykhailyshyn, Tomohiro Motoda, Ivan Virgala, Ann Majewicz Fey, Yukiyasu Domae

原文摘要

Vortex grippers are commonly integrated into automated systems for handling objects with complex geometries in packaging, sorting, and assembling. However, their interaction with compliant objects remains difficult to predict, particularly with respect to the vortex-induced torque transmitted during grasping. This study investigates vortex-induced torque during the grasping of compliant objects and quantifies the coupled effects of supply pressure, tangential nozzle diameter, surface geometry, and curvature. The results show that increasing the tangential nozzle diameter primarily enhances the sensitivity of the generated torque to supply pressure rather than producing a uniformly higher torque. Surface geometry also strongly influences the rotational interaction, with dome-concave surfaces generally producing substantially greater torque than corresponding dome-convex surfaces, whereas the difference between cylindrical concave and convex surfaces is comparatively small. The strongest and most repeatable response was observed for a dome-concave surface exhibiting favorable object-gripper geometric matching. Among the evaluated machine-learning regression methods, Gaussian Process Regression provided the best overall predictive performance under repeated cross-validation, demonstrating that vortex-induced torque can be estimated from combined pneumatic and geometric parameters. These findings provide a basis for predicting and utilizing vortex-induced torque in the dexterous manipulation of soft objects.

cs.RO

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.06358

Keeping Fuzzers on Duty: Repairing Fuzzing Build Breakages in Continuous Open-Source Fuzzing

Zhuang Zhao, Jiongchi Yu, Yao Zhang, Dongge Liu, Qiang Hu, Xiaohong Li, Yang Liu

原文摘要

Continuous fuzzing platforms such as OSS-Fuzz provide sustained security testing for open-source projects, but long-term build breakages reduce security coverage and waste infrastructure resources. In OSS-Fuzz, around 20% of integrated projects remain in build-failure states, leaving their fuzzers off duty. These failures expose a maintenance gap between platform maintainers, who lack project-specific context, and project maintainers, who often lack fuzzing and infrastructure expertise. Existing program-repair techniques cannot be directly applied because fuzz build breakages span evolving project and infrastructure artifacts and require repeated infrastructure-aware diagnosis. We present FuzzMedic, an automated agent for fuzz build repair. FuzzMedic performs evidence-guided diagnosis across project and fuzzing-infrastructure artifacts. It explores repairs over a repair-state graph (RSG) that records the evolving workspace and build feedback. Branching and rollback enable FuzzMedic to recover from unproductive repair paths during long-horizon debugging. Candidate patches are validated to restore executable fuzz targets rather than merely suppress build failures. We evaluate FuzzMedic on 128 reproducible OSS-Fuzz build failures extracted from 1,820 real-world failures. FuzzMedic achieves a 48.44% repair rate and outperforms three representative program-repair baselines. In real-world use, it produces 29 patches merged into upstream or OSS-Fuzz main branches, including repairs for three failures that had remained unresolved for more than one year and two cases that had never built successfully.

cs.SE

版本更新 · v3arXiv:2602.02313

From Outcome to Representation: Tracing Reasoning Mechanisms through Integrated Policy Gradient

Changming Li, Kaixing Zhang, Haoyun Xu, Yingdong Shi, Zheng Zhang, Kaitao Song, Kan Ren

原文摘要

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable reasoning capabilities, yet the internal mechanisms driving these multi-step processes remain opaque. Existing mechanistic interpretability approaches often rely on superficial text-pattern co-occurrences or capture only short-term effects, struggling to trace the long-horizon, outcome-driven influence of internal components such as neurons or sparse features in multi-step reasoning.In this paper, we introduce Integrated Policy Gradient (IPG), a novel, training-free framework that brings policy-based attribution into mechanistic interpretability for LLM reasoning. Grounded in \textit{outcome-oriented} and \textit{sequential-influence-aware} principles, it backpropagates outcome-level, non-differentiable behavioral signals (e.g., reasoning outcome correctness) through entire inference trajectories, utilizing path integration to isolate outcome-relevant mediators at component level for reliable attribution. This provides a linear approximation of Causal Mediation Analysis (CMA) in reasoning. Empirical evaluations demonstrate that \method achieves precise localization and reveals mechanistic insights by identifying sparse, concentrated subsets of internal components associated with specific reasoning behaviors. Our method also enables modulation of reasoning capabilities, offering a powerful and reliable framework for understanding LLM reasoning. The project page is at https://foundation-model-research.github.io/IPG .

cs.AI · cs.CL · cs.LG

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.06356

EEGDash Corpus: A Training-Ready Public Corpus for EEG Foundation Models

Kuber Shahi, Bruno Aristimunha, Arnaud Delorme

原文摘要

Foundation models for electroencephalography (EEG) are pretrained on tens of thousands of hours of recordings, and their accuracy grows with that amount. Such data is hard to assemble. The largest sources are clinical archives that cannot be redistributed, and the public sources are spread over several archives, file formats, and licences. We release eegdash-corpus-v0, a training-ready corpus of 77 public EEG datasets, as the gated Hugging Face dataset EEGDash/eegdash-corpus-v0 with the SHA-256 of every file. REVE, the largest published EEG foundation model, names 89 datasets as its pretraining corpus. Twelve cannot be redistributed: four clinical archives that hold 82% of its hours, and eight under no-derivatives licences. The corpus holds the 76 others that REVE's sampling rate allows and one more from REVE's release card: 77 datasets, 14,075 hours from 7,272 subjects, 5.0 million 10-second samples and 6.21 billion tokens per epoch. Every dataset is fetched through EEGDash, converted once with REVE's recipe, and stored in its own buckets of a chunked Zarr store with its licence recorded beside it, so a model can train on the whole store or on any subset of datasets. To test that the store pretrains a model, we retrain REVE-Base from scratch twice with the authors' code, changed only in how it reads data, and score it on seven public OpenEEGBench tasks. It reaches 0.331 under linear probing and 0.273 after fine-tuning, against 0.333 and 0.325 for the released model and 0.200 and 0.205 for an untrained encoder. The converter, the conversion reports, and the loader changes are released with the corpus.

cs.LG

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.06355

FlashRelight: Portrait Video Relighting with Dynamic Lighting

Jiahui Sheng, Le Li, Limin Lin, Jiahao Li, Wansen Feng, Hong Gu, Shuhan Chen, Xiaorun Li 等 9 位作者

原文摘要

Portrait video relighting aims to modify the illumination of a portrait video while preserving photorealism and temporal stability. The task becomes particularly challenging under dynamic lighting, where illumination direction, intensity, and color vary over time. To tackle this problem, we introduce FlashRelight, a novel two-stage framework for dynamic portrait video relighting. FlashRelight first suppresses the source illumination through delighting, and then synthesizes the target dynamic lighting on an illumination-neutral portrait video. FlashRelight supports three complementary control modalities: envmap sequences for explicit frame-level lighting control, dynamic lighting text for semantic illumination editing, and lighting reference videos for visual lighting transfer. Training follows a low-cost hybrid strategy that combines static one-light-at-a-time (OLAT) data with generated dynamic-lighting portrait videos, covering both controlled illumination variation and realistic portrait motion. Extensive experiments show that FlashRelight achieves temporally coherent and photorealistic dynamic relighting while enabling flexible cross-video lighting transfer. Code is available at https://github.com/vivoCameraResearch/FlashRelight

cs.CV

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.06353

Traffic-VL: Reinforced Vision-Language Models for Generalizable End-to-End Traffic Signal Control

Xingchen Zou, Maonan Wang, Kemou Jiang, Jie Li, Yiqi Chen, Xi Chen, Hai Yang, Yuxuan Liang

原文摘要

Existing traffic signal control methods typically rely on structured traffic states produced by dedicated perception pipelines. Emerging visual approaches often use idealized simulator images and convert them into intermediate representations before control, limiting their ability to directly exploit roadside visual observations. To bridge both the visual-domain and perception-to-decision gaps, we introduce SynTra-V and Traffic-VL. SynTra-V converts physics-based traffic simulations into photorealistic multi-view surveillance imagery across diverse road topologies and sensing conditions, and automatic semantic auditing checks that control-critical geometry, vehicle movements, and lane semantics match the simulator state. Traffic-VL is an eight-billion-parameter vision-language model that directly maps synchronized multi-view images and natural-language phase descriptions to signal decisions without intermediate structured states. Building on Traffic-R1's two-stage reinforced reasoning framework, Traffic-VL adapts its vision encoder via offline reinforcement learning on SynTra-V and freezes it during online visual stepwise trajectory policy optimization in closed-loop simulation. Experiments show that Traffic-VL matches structured-state Traffic-R1 while outperforming image-based controllers and general-purpose vision-language models, including Gemini 3 Pro. Evaluations on unseen topologies, degraded sensing conditions, real surveillance footage, and a three-week deployment across ten intersections further demonstrate robust visual generalization and effective constrained online control.

cs.CV · cs.AI

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2609.24894

SLICEChat: Progressive In-Encoder Token Pruning for Whole-Slide Pathology Language Models

Ali Kerem Bozkurt, Baris Cem Bakay, Ibrahim Kulac, Cigdem Gunduz-Demir, Erkut Erdem, Aykut Erdem

原文摘要

Whole-slide pathology images (WSIs) contain gigapixel-scale visual content, creating a major scalability challenge for slide-level multimodal large language models (MLLMs). Existing approaches process thousands of patch tokens and typically apply compression only after slide encoding, leaving multimodal attention computationally expensive. We introduce SLICEChat, a slide-level MLLM that integrates progressive token pruning within a hybrid Mamba--Transformer slide encoder. Mamba layers enable efficient long-range propagation, while Transformer layers preserve global interactions as the sequence is progressively shortened. Between stages, language-supervised, region-aware pruning removes spatially coherent low-utility regions under a controlled keep-rate schedule, producing compact slide representations before multimodal fusion. On SlideBench VQA, SLICEChat achieves 79.84% accuracy on TCGA and 59.09% on BCNB cohorts, outperforming prior slide-level pathology MLLMs, and achieves the highest overall WSI-Bench metrics. It also provides competitive memory usage and the inference latency among the evaluated models. These results demonstrate accurate and computationally efficient multimodal reasoning over gigapixel WSIs.

cs.CV · cs.CL

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.06350

On Existence and Computational Complexity of Quasi-strict Equilibria

Kristoffer Arnsfelt Hansen, Xinhao Nie

原文摘要

Quasi-strict Nash equilibrium, introduced by Harsanyi in 1973, is the Nash equilibrium refinement that requires every pure best response to be played with positive probability. Norde established that any bimatrix game admits a quasi-strict Nash equilibrium. We give a substantially simpler proof of this result that in particular avoids an intricate limit argument used in the final step of the proof by Norde. Our existence proof allows us to positively resolve the outstanding open question of PPAD membership of the problem of computing a quasi-strict Nash equilibrium, thereby settling its precise complexity. In games with three or more players, a quasi-strict Nash equilibrium is not guaranteed to exist, leading to the natural problem of deciding the existence of a quasi-strict Nash equilibrium in a given strategic form game. We show that this problem is $\exists\mathbb{R}$-complete, strengthening a previous NP-hardness result.

cs.GT

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.06349

PMRecBench: A Benchmark for Personalization in Recommendation Agents under Multimodal Queries

Xiaoyu Zhang, Yougang Lyu, Bin Wu, Sahan Bulathwela, Emine Yilmaz

原文摘要

On Web platforms for shopping and entertainment, recommendation agents under multimodal queries aim to deliver personalized recommendations that satisfy users' visually specified requirements and reflect preferences inferred from user histories. However, existing personalized recommendation benchmarks use text-only queries, while multimodal ones assess query matching without evaluating personalization based on real user histories. We introduce the Personalized Multimodal Recommendation Benchmark (PMRecBench), the first benchmark to evaluate the personalization of recommendation agents under multimodal queries. It pairs 510 quality-controlled image-text queries across clothing and movies with the corresponding users' real histories. PMRecBench features two key designs: (1) queries derived from consistent behavioral patterns in real user records, with reference images and targets linked to actual interactions; and (2) challenging diagnostic pools with candidate items rated highly by the user but violating requirements, and items satisfying requirements but never rated highly, testing requirement understanding and preference following, respectively. Extensive experiments on diagnostic pools reveal a personalization imbalance in recommendation agents: relative to personalization signals alone, adding multimodal queries weakens preference following, even though the additional information about query requirements improves overall ranking performance. Further analysis links this decline in preference following to image interpretation, where agents can prioritize resemblance to reference images over evidence from user histories, and stronger commercial backbones alone fail to resolve this imbalance. This personalization imbalance highlights a central challenge for recommendation agents: improving ranking performance while preserving preference following when responding to multimodal user queries

cs.IR

版本更新 · v4arXiv:2607.22140

No Edges, No Verdict: A Large-Scale Empirical Study of Declared Dependency Graphs in 78K SBOMs in the Wild

Artur Zięba-Kozarzewski

原文摘要

Software Bills of Materials (SBOMs) are read not only as inventories but as dependency graphs: vulnerability triage, reachability filtering and impact analysis traverse the edges an SBOM declares. We present the first population-scale study of the declared graph, over 78,612 SBOMs committed to public code (77,092 parseable). Of these, 52.9% omit the dependency-relationship field, although the NTIA minimum elements require it (42.3% once the 46.5% of files carrying the tool entry of a single generation harness are set aside), and a further 8.8% declare a graph in which most components are orphans, so for 61.7% a missing path says nothing about reachability. Scans of 11 large container images are all degenerate (91.4-98.0% orphans), through file entries. The format does not predict which documents these are; the producing tool does (eta^2 = 0.41-0.65), jointly with the ecosystem where a document describes one. CycloneDX completeness declarations appear in 0.10% of CycloneDX documents, and a widely used quality score separates the regimes only weakly. Reading such graphs closed-world, so that no declared path means unreachable, discards almost the whole inventory: under a production detector the median degenerate document would lose 96.4% of its components, which carry 29 version-confirmed known-exploited CVEs across 1,901 documents. Where graphs are informative, the veto touches 14 such CVEs across 164 documents, which measures its reach, not its correctness. On an 18-SBOM testbed scored with the KEV flag removed (EPSS retained), the veto suppressed 5 of 14 version-confirmed known-exploited instances, Log4Shell among them; reading silence as unknown restores them in this illustration. We release the scanner and the dataset.

cs.SE · cs.CR

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2611.04253

UMLoad: Fast On-Demand Model Loading on Unified Memory Architecture

Zimeng Wang, Jinrong Yang, Rong Chen

原文摘要

On-demand model loading dominates response latency for interactive on-device AI, yet unified memory architectures (UMAs), now common on edge devices, should make it cheap by placing weights in memory the GPU already sees. However, frameworks still use the loading flow built for discrete GPUs, leaving significant inefficiencies. This paper presents UMLoad, a system-level model-loading accelerator that decouples a framework's logical allocations from their physical page backing. UMLoad uses on-demand reconstruction to eliminate the weight copy while preserving copy independence, and GPU-assisted page zeroing to accelerate runtime allocation while preserving its security guarantee. Implemented on Intel, AMD, and NVIDIA UMA platforms and evaluated with llama$.$cpp, PyTorch, and vLLM across six models, UMLoad reduces average loading time by 36.6%-71.9% over vanilla and 19.9%-62.7% over pipelined loaders, and cuts mean LLM-routing time to first token (TTFT) by 51.3%-59.3% and model-backed tool completion latency by 10.2%-31.6%.

cs.OS · cs.AR

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.06348

Flexible Intensities Matter: A Comprehensive Re-evaluation of Hawkes Processes and Neural Temporal Point Processes

Hendrik Mehrtens, Florian Buettner, Oliver Stegle

原文摘要

Temporal point processes (TPPs) are the canonical framework for event sequence data, with applications spanning seismology, social media, and electronic health records. Recently, neural TPPs have been reported to substantially outperform classical TPPs, such as Hawkes processes, but these comparisons pitted flexible neural models against Hawkes processes in their most restricted form, and did not consider large-scale medical data. Here, we revisit this comparison through a systematic evaluation of Poisson and Hawkes processes of increasing flexibility against neural TPPs, on five established benchmark datasets and on two large-scale medical evaluation tasks derived from UK Biobank disease histories and MIMIC-IV ICU records, under autoregressive next-event prediction. First, the previously reported gap between Hawkes processes and neural TPPs largely disappears once Hawkes processes are equipped with flexible, learnable baselines and kernels. Second, the flexibility of the intensity parametrization also limits prior neural TPPs: a Transformer with a spline-based intensity head outperforms previous intensity-based neural TPPs and is on par with the intensity-free model. Decomposing the log-likelihood into a time term $\log p(t)$ and a type term $\log p(d \mid t)$, we find that this flexibility advantage lies almost entirely in the time density: more flexibility does not improve the type term. On these benchmarks, the gains of neural TPPs thus lie mostly in modeling when events occur, not which. Third, our results underscore the value of complex datasets for evaluating TPPs: only on the MIMIC-IV ICU records do neural TPPs retain an advantage in the type term. Our results inform both future method development and model choice. We release our framework, TorchPP, as an open-source package with consistent implementations of classical and neural TPPs.

cs.LG · stat.ML

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.06346

Today's Work, Tomorrow's Workforce: Incentivizing Learning in AI-Assisted Work

Moritz Diener, Daniel Hendriks, Philipp Spitzer, Gerhard Satzger, Joshua Holstein, Wei Sun

原文摘要

At work, people develop skills through experience: novices acquire skills by completing tasks, while experts retain theirs through continued practice. AI assistance changes this process by offering workers a choice between solving tasks independently and accepting the AI's answers. While relying on AI saves immediate effort, it can also displace the practice needed to acquire and retain skills, including those required to oversee the AI. We extend an existing accept-or-solve model to a sequence of tasks in which workers' skills evolve through independent practice and reliance on AI. We compare myopic workers, who maximize immediate utility, with strategic workers, who also value their future skills. We show that novices can become trapped at low skill levels, while experts may lose skill, even as AI-assisted outcome accuracy remains high. Strategic workers, by contrast, may choose to solve independently even when AI is more accurate, recognizing the future value of acquiring and retaining their skills. We then study incentives that reward correct independent work and characterize the payments needed to encourage skill acquisition and retention. We show that independent work can become self-sustaining once workers acquire sufficient skill, eliminating the need for continued incentives. Counterintuitively, supporting a higher skill target can sometimes reduce long-run incentive costs, either by enabling self-sustaining independent work or by lowering the payments needed to maintain proficiency. Our findings thereby shift the focus from whether workers should rely on AI on individual tasks to how organizations can sustain human expertise over time, and which skills are worth investing in.

cs.HC · cs.AI · cs.CY

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2606.26757

Batch-Invariant Spectral Intelligence for Robust and Explainable Insect Authentication

Majharulislam Babor, Giacomo Rossi, Annalisa Altavilla, Oliver Schlüter, Marina M. -C. Höhne

原文摘要

Edible insects offer an efficient source of alternative protein, requiring less land and water and emitting less greenhouse gas than conventional livestock. However, their successful integration into the food supply chain demands reliable species authentication to control allergen exposure, prevent adulteration, and meet regulatory standards. Near-infrared spectroscopy provides a rapid analytical tool, but its performance drops when applied to production batches unseen during training due to batch-to-batch variation in spectral measurements. We introduce the Batch-Invariant Spectral Network (BISN), an end-to-end framework that combines a learnable preprocessing module, initialised with Savitzky-Golay filtering, with an unsupervised, entropy-regularised auxiliary branch connected through a gradient reversal layer. The branch uses no batch labels and supplies opposing entropy gradients to the auxiliary head and preprocessing module. Using 2,700 spectra from three species (Acheta domesticus, Hermetia illucens, and Tenebrio molitor) collected across three independent production batches, BISN achieves a mean leave-one-batch-out accuracy of 0.93 (standard deviation 0.04), outperforming the strongest baseline by four percentage points (p=0.002). Further insights gained by using explainable AI confirm that model decisions consistently rely on the lipid and protein absorption regions across all folds, connecting predictive performance to known insect biochemistry. BISN addresses both cross-batch robustness and biochemical interpretability for automated insect species authentication in a controlled benchtop setting. The source code and dataset are publicly available at https://github.com/majharB/bisn.

cs.LG

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.06343

Prism: Bidirectional Self-Teaching for Unified Multimodal Models

Peng Zhang, Qian Chen, Xianyin Zhang, Yimin Tian, Ruite Fei, Dongyi Lv, Lifan Guo, Chi Zhang 等 9 位作者

原文摘要

Unified Multimodal Models (UMMs) aim to support visual understanding and generation within a single model. Existing post-training methods either use understanding as a fixed teacher to improve generation, or rely on ground-truth trajectories to supervise both understanding and generation. Prism instead derives bidirectional supervision from self-generated interleaved rollouts, constructing training targets according to the reliability of their text and image chains. We propose Prism, a bidirectional self-teaching post-training method for UMMs. Like a prism decomposing mixed light, Prism decouples a coupled interleaved trajectory into a text chain and an image chain, assesses the reliability of each chain, and constructs a corresponding training target from their reliability states. Experiments on both SenseNova-U1 and BAGEL show that Prism improves both understanding and generation. On the generation side, GenEval improves from 85.8 to 89.2 (+3.4), and DPG improves from 86.1 to 87.3 (+1.2) on SenseNova-U1. On the understanding side, the total MME score improves from 2282.6 to 2311.6, and MMVP improves from 58.0 to 62.0. Consistent improvements are observed on BAGEL. These results highlight that Prism enables coordinated improvements in generation and understanding by constructing reliability-guided self-training targets from self-generated trajectories, without relying on an external verifier or externally annotated corrected trajectories during target construction.

cs.CV · cs.AI

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2611.04527

Future Representation Distillation for Imagination-free World Action Models

Jaehyeong Jo, Sangwon Jang, Sihyun Yu, Seonghyeon Ye, Yekyung Nah, Hojung Jung, Kimin Lee, Sung Ju Hwang

原文摘要

World Action Models (WAMs) use the predictive knowledge of pretrained video diffusion models for robot control through future video prediction. However, iterative video denoising is costly, and inaccurate visual predictions can compromise action prediction. Our key idea is to make this predictive knowledge available through visual representations computed from the current observation, enabling action prediction without generating future videos. We introduce DreamFree, a WAM that repurposes a pretrained video diffusion model as a predictive visual encoder through representation distillation. The visual encoder learns to predict a frozen video diffusion model's representation using only the current observation. An action module is then trained to predict actions by extracting action-relevant information from the visual encoder. Across real-world and simulated tasks, DreamFree achieves higher success rates than state-of-the-art VLAs and WAMs, while performing real-time closed-loop control at 11Hz with a 14B video diffusion backbone. Experiments show that DreamFree can translate stronger video priors and additional video data into better robot control and enable learning new robot tasks from video demonstrations, including videos from a different embodiment, without action annotation for the new tasks.

cs.RO

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.06342

CoRTeC: A Differentially Private Release for Synthetic Tabular Data, Decodable by Any Generator

Calister Nnona

原文摘要

The records that could train the most useful models, such as a hospital's patient files, are often the ones an institution cannot share. We propose CoRTeC, a method that releases synthetic versions of such records under differential privacy. Differential privacy places a proven limit on what the synthetic data can reveal about any person, and in particular on membership inference. CoRTeC spends the privacy budget once, on a small file of noisy counts designed for training a classifier. For each group of records, the file gives the group's size, its balance of outcomes, a histogram of every column for each outcome and the outcome rate in each of several non-overlapping cells. A reviewer can check every number before the file leaves the institution. Anyone can then turn the counts into synthetic rows, as often as they like and at no further privacy cost. A maximum-entropy decoder can do this without any language model, and so can each of the five frozen language models we tested. None of them ever sees a real record. A selection step then matches the rows to the released counts. Decoded without a language model, the automatically configured release at $\varepsilon = 2$ trains classifiers to within 0.02 AUC of a real sample of the same size on the Adult dataset, across three data splits. On NHANES and bank marketing, without the selection step, it stays within 0.05 AUC. On Adult, with a fixed cohort rule, the release carries the outcome rates a deployment names more closely than a real sample does, at some cost in accuracy on pairs of columns. Four controls show that most of the utility comes from the release and the selection step, and that a language model adds what it knows from the column names. No private row ever reaches a model, and no row CoRTeC generates copies a real one. The strongest membership attack stays far below the bound the budget allows.

cs.CR · cs.LG

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.06341

Improved Exact and Approximate Quantum Fourier Transforms from Multiplication

Chandrima Kayal, Rajat Mittal, Manaswi Paraashar, Nitin Saurabh

原文摘要

In the world of quantum computing, quantum Fourier transform (QFT) has been one of the most important subroutines for quantum algorithms, as exemplified by Shor's factoring algorithms and phase estimation (which in itself has been used as a primitive in various quantum algorithms). In fact most of the well known quantum algorithms can be divided into two classes, QFT based algorithms and search based algorithms. The usual circuit for QFT (covered in almost every basic quantum algorithms course) needs $O(q^2)$ gates (and $O(q)$ qubits) to perform the exact Fourier transform over $\mathbb{F}_{2^q}$. Cleve and Watrous (FOCS 2000) improved this gate count to $O(q (\log q)^2 (\log \log q))$ using the integer multiplication algorithm in $O(n (\log n) (\log \log n))$ time for two $n$-bit integers (best known at that time). Our first main result shows that this gate count can be improved to $O(q (\log q))$. In fact, if there is a multiplication circuit, to multiply two $n$-bit integers, with $O(n (\log n)^α)$ gates; we get a QFT circuit with $O(q (\log q)^α)$ gates (improving upon $O(q (\log q)^{α+ 1})$) gates from the construction of Cleve and Watrous). Given the recent claim by OpenAI about integer multiplication, this opens up the possibility of having a QFT circuit with $o \left( q (\log q)\right)$ gates. On approximating the QFT over $\ZZ/(2^q \ZZ)$, the result of Ahokas, Cleve and Hales (ERATO 2003) showed that an approximating circuit can be built with $O \left( q (\log \log(q/\varepsilon))^{α+1} \right)$ gates, where $ε$ is the approximating parameter. Our second main result again improves this to $O \left( q (\log \log(q/\varepsilon))^α \right)$ gates.

quant-ph · cs.CC