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新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.12293

Depth as a Candidate Source: Portfolio Allocation for Recurrent Test-Time Scaling in Large Language Models

Chaoyuan Hao, Wentao Yue, Yanyan Wu, Boyuan Gao, Tianyou Lai, Maolin Wang, Yongxin Ni, Hanwen Du 等 9 位作者

原文摘要

Recurrent latent reasoning in large lanugage models (LLMs) scales test-time computation by increasing recurrent depth, naturally framing inference as a problem of deciding when to stop. We identify a previously overlooked limitation of this single-depth view through systematic preliminary analysis: deeper recurrence can lose correct solutions found at shallower depths, while depth-specific success sets remain broadly non-nested even after controlling for marginal accuracy. This suggests that depth determines not only computation cost, but also access to distinct candidate solutions. Motivated by this finding, we propose Depth Portfolio Allocation (DPA), which reformulates recurrent test-time scaling as budgeted allocation across depth-specific candidate sources. DPA supports both fixed portfolios and feedback-guided sequential allocation under a shared inference budget. Experiments on GSM8K, SVAMP, MultiArith, and MBPP show that mixed-depth portfolios expand oracle coverage under matched candidate counts and nominal costs, while feedback-guided allocation generally matches or improves uniform allocation and can reduce computation in high-budget settings. Code and data are avaible at : https://anonymous.4open.science/r/LLM-latent-B7BC/.

cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.12286

VLA-MOPD: On-Policy Distillation for Multi-Task VLA Policy Consolidation

Yongxuan Lv, Zhen Fang, Lichen Man, Hao Li, Pu Li, Hengyi Wang, Langfeng Cao, Lin Chen 等 13 位作者

原文摘要

Physical intelligence requires embodied agents to ground language in observations and execute actions while retaining useful skills. Vision-language-action (VLA) policies offer a shared interface, but task-specific post-training often produces separate specialists. Consolidation is difficult: mixed-task reinforcement learning provides sparse trajectory-level credit, while offline distillation may miss student-visited observations and endpoint distillation does not supervise intermediate action-generation states. We introduce VLA Multi-teacher On-Policy Distillation (VLA-MOPD), a protocol for consolidating flow-matching VLA specialists. After acquiring task or suite experts, a shared student collects robot rollouts and queries the instruction-routed frozen teacher at each visited observation and intermediate ordinary differential equation (ODE) state. Detached per-flow-step transition targets supervise valid action chunks through a masked local matching loss; an optional reference-policy term supports retention on other tasks. Starting from one trajectory per LIBERO task, VLA-MOPD raises mean success-once from 75.4% to 98.9%, compared with 98.15% for endpoint action distillation. It improves mean RoboTwin 2.0 success from 73.0% to 89.3%; on a Piper robot, two consolidation rounds improve average success from 70.0% to 90.0%. In a near-matched Spatial-adaptation study, reference matching limits the Object suite decrease to 3.0 points, versus 13.2 without the reference term.

cs.RO · cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.12285

Learning Evidence-Grounded Reasoning for Context-Aware Time Series Forecasting

Xingpeng Gao, Mingyue Cheng, Daoyu Wang, Huajian Zhang, Xiaoyu Tao

原文摘要

LLM-driven time series forecasting has become increasingly promising by leveraging contextual features to generate future values directly or refine forecast priors. However, incorporating contextual features alone does not ensure that models can identify which features matter for forecasting and understand what they suggest about future dynamics. We argue that the fundamental challenge is how to extract predictive evidence from contextual features and when and how to leverage it to guide forecasting decisions. In this paper, we propose CastReasoner, an evidence-grounded reasoning model for context-aware time series forecasting. Specifically, CastReasoner uses a structured chain of thought (CoT) to extract predictive evidence from contextual features, infer the future dynamics suggested by this evidence, and assess these dynamics against the forecast prior to guide adaptive forecasting decisions. To enable this capability, we design a reasoning-centric two-stage post-training framework including supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and reinforcement learning (RL). First, we synthesize reasoning trajectories through controllable multi-teacher guidance and select high-quality ones using a novel student-aware difficulty metric. Second, we design fine-grained multi-objective rewards to further improve reasoning and forecasting. To address heterogeneous learning needs across domains in both stages, we introduce a convergence-guided data balancing strategy. Through this two-stage training, CastReasoner improves both reasoning quality and predictive accuracy. Extensive experiments across multi-domain forecasting benchmarks demonstrate that CastReasoner achieves superior forecasting performance.

cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2508.03469

IKOD: Image-Attention-Guided Key-Value Merging against Object Hallucination in the Decoding of Large Vision-Language Models

Jiabing Yang, Chenhang Cui, Yixiang Chen, Tao Yu, Yan Huang, Liang Wang

原文摘要

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) exhibit strong visual understanding and language generation capabilities yet remain prone to object hallucination, producing plausible descriptions unsupported by the input image. Analyzing generation dynamics across eight diverse LVLMs, we observe that cross-modal visual attention steadily decays as generation unfolds because appended text tokens continuously expand the softmax denominator; consequently, hallucinated objects consistently appear later and under lower image attention than grounded mentions. Unlike existing training-free remedies that rely on input perturbations or external models, we propose IKOD (Image-attention-guided Key-value merging against Object hallucination in Decoding), a collaborative decoder that directly compresses the competing text context within the native key-value (KV) cache. At each step, IKOD keeps visual tokens intact and merges low-attention text entries into a compact auxiliary cache, fusing the resulting image-focused distribution with the base branch to correct ungrounded predictions while preserving linguistic fluency. An adaptive variant (IKOD-A) further schedules collaboration strength online from the measured attention decay under a single universal configuration. Extensive experiments across hallucination and general multimodal benchmarks on eight diverse LVLMs demonstrate that IKOD and IKOD-A consistently mitigate object hallucination while preserving object recall and general multimodal capabilities at minimal inference cost. Code is available at https://github.com/jiabingyang01/IKOD.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2611.07425

BRIDGE: Bridging the Semantic Quantization Gap for Generative Recommendation

Yatong Xiao, Mingjie Sun, Peng Wang, Wenjin Wu, Peng Jiang

原文摘要

Generative recommendation retrieves items by autoregressively generating Semantic IDs(SIDs), where an RQ-VAE quantizes each item into a hierarchical SID sequence that the decoder generates level by level. We identify an overlooked bottleneck in this paradigm: the Semantic Quantization Gap(SQG). Quantization derives SIDs from rich continuous signals, including codebook centroids, local neighborhood geometry, and level-wise entropy. However, the decoder receives only discrete identifiers and loses the semantic structure that shaped them. This mismatch manifests in three ways: a grounding gap, where the decoder lacks semantic anchors when target-side information is limited; a neighborhood gap, where token-level supervision discards inter-item similarity and exacerbates exposure bias; and a difficulty gap, where computation is allocated uniformly despite generation difficulty diminishing with depth. To bridge the SQG, we propose BRIDGE. Codebook-grounded latent reasoning injects frozen quantizer centroids as semantic anchors before SID generation. Privileged EMA self-distillation transfers neighborhood-aware knowledge from a teacher to an on-policy student, preserving inter-item geometry while mitigating exposure bias. Effort-aware recurrence allocates more computation to the challenging early levels and progressively reduces it with depth. Across three Amazon benchmarks, BRIDGE improves Recall@10 and NDCG@10 by 10.9% and 9.7% on average over the strongest baseline (up to 12.6% and 10.7%). In a one-week online A/B experiment on a large-scale e-commerce advertising platform with 5% traffic, BRIDGE improves eCPM by 0.65%.

cs.IR

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v6arXiv:2509.21190

Towards Foundation Models for Zero-Shot Time Series Anomaly Detection: Leveraging Synthetic Data and Relative Context Discrepancy

Tian Lan, Hao Duong Le, Jinbo Li, Wenjun He, Meng Wang, Chenghao Liu, Chen Zhang

原文摘要

Time series anomaly detection (TSAD) is a critical task, but developing models that generalize to unseen data in a zero-shot manner remains challenging. Existing foundation models for TSAD often rely on reconstruction-error scoring at inference time, which can miss subtle anomalies that are well reconstructed and can falsely flag complex but normal patterns in unseen domains. We introduce TimeRCD, a foundation model for TSAD built on Relative Context Discrepancy (RCD), a pre-training paradigm that trains the model to detect anomalies by comparing a query pattern with its surrounding context. This relational formulation, implemented with a standard Transformer architecture, enables the model to infer normality from the input context rather than relying on fixed global normal patterns. We further construct a large-scale synthetic corpus with context-dependent anomaly labels to provide supervised pre-training signals for RCD. Experiments across diverse benchmarks show that TimeRCD outperforms existing general-purpose and anomaly-specific foundation models in most zero-shot TSAD settings, while remaining competitive with dataset-specific full-shot baselines. These results provide empirical evidence that RCD is an effective direction for building robust and generalizable TSAD models.

cs.LG · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.12269

Agent4Crypto: A Dual-Reflective and Market-Feedback-Aligned LLM-Based Multi-Agent System for Cryptocurrency Trading

Guangyan Gan, Jiahao Li, Jiashun Wang, Lin William Cong

原文摘要

Cryptocurrency markets provide a natural testbed for autonomous AI agents because they are digital-native, high-frequency, and machine-speed environments, yet existing methods often struggle with non-stationary market regimes, opaque decisions, and fixed aggregation rules. In this paper, we propose Agent4Crypto, a dual-reflective and market-feedback-aligned multi-agent system. The framework coordinates specialized agents for data collection, analysis, risk assessment, reflection, and trading, synthesizing heterogeneous signals from prices, indicators, news, and charts in an interpretable decision pipeline. Our central design is a trader-centric decision mechanism: three style-specific trader agents, Aggressive, Neutral, and Conservative, generate candidate actions and natural-language rationales from the same market context, while their influence is learned rather than manually fixed. A PPO-based gating policy dynamically allocates trader weights through a dual-reflective feedback process. One reflection stream evaluates post-trade decision quality from realized portfolio outcomes and distills reusable lessons into a Financial ReasoningBank for retrieval in subsequent trader prompts, while the other estimates trader-level counterfactual contribution, indicating which style has recently aligned better with market movements. The PPO state combines Counterfactual Contribution Memory with market features, previous trader weights, and current trader actions, so trader influence adapts across bull, sideways, and bear regimes. Experiments on BTC, ETH, and XRP show that Agent4Crypto improves total return and Sharpe ratio over traditional strategies, machine learning and reinforcement learning baselines, and existing LLM-based trading systems, demonstrating the value of interpretable trader competition and market-feedback-driven adaptation in volatile cryptocurrency markets.

cs.MA · cs.CL

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.13039

Robo-MLT: Dual-System Robotic Manipulation for Long-Horizon Medical Laboratory Tasks

Zequan Zeng, Kai Wang, Delvin Ce Zhang, Huaping Liu, Zhipeng Yuan, Junqin Yang, YunLong Zhang

原文摘要

Reliable medical laboratory automation requires robots to complete entire workflows in protocol order while handling changes during execution. A robot may execute each motion correctly yet fail the workflow by confusing visually similar stages or stalling after human intervention. We present Robo-MLT, a dual-system framework that couples explicit workflow monitoring with learned action generation. A vision--language planner composes an ordered atomic-skill sequence from the protocol and the initial workspace observation. A multiframe execution monitor detects when the active skill has completed or become infeasible, then advances the workflow or triggers replanning. A skill-conditioned vision--language--action policy generates the manipulation trajectories, and an asynchronous runtime coordinates it with the monitor. We evaluate Robo-MLT against four policy baselines and a VLM-based monitor baseline on blood gas analysis and blood sample tube sorting, with 50 nominal configurations per method and 20 sample-removal configurations. Robo-MLT achieves task success rates of 82\% and 70\%, exceeding $π_{0.5}$ by 30 and 22 percentage points, respectively. After an operator removes the sample being handled, the system revises the remaining plan and continues processing the other samples. These results indicate that, under the evaluated conditions, explicit workflow monitoring makes long-horizon laboratory manipulation more reliable and recoverable.

cs.RO

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.12232

ECOS: Environment-Calibrated On-Policy Self-Distillation for Language Agents

Chenhao Zhang, Zhongan Wang, Mingxuan Li, Hehe Fan, Zheng Zhu, Ming Li

原文摘要

On-policy self-distillation lets a language agent act as its own Teacher by conditioning on privileged context such as skills written from its own trajectories. Its guidance, however, is weighted by how much this context shifts token likelihoods rather than by whether it improves behavior, so errors in self-written skills return through later updates. We propose environment-calibrated on-policy self-distillation, which uses environmental outcomes to decide how much to trust the Teacher's current guidance and which self-written skills to reinforce. Command-level advantages, estimated by comparing commands executed at similar observations, scale each Teacher preference and reward reflections and skills whose induced preferences favor higher-advantage commands. Without skills at inference, 3B and 7B agents reach 90.5% and 93.3% macro success on seen ALFWorld tasks and 75.5% and 80.5% success on WebShop. On unseen ALFWorld tasks, they outperform GRPO under the same protocol by 11.0 and 7.6 percentage points, respectively. In an ablation study, supervising only executable commands rather than the Actor's full response raises 3B WebShop success from 52.3% to 75.0%.

cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.12198

Instance-Optimality of Single-Pair Personalized PageRank

Christian Bertram, Mads Vestergaard Jensen, Mikkel Thorup, Hanzhi Wang, Shuyi Yan

原文摘要

We consider discounted random walks in a directed simple graph $G=(V,E)$. Such a walk terminates at each step with a constant probability $α\in (0,1)$ and otherwise continues to a uniform random out-neighbor. Given a pair $(s,t)\in V^2$, we denote by $π(s,t)$ the probability of such a discounted random walk starting at $s$ terminates at $t$. This probability is referred to as the Personalized PageRank (PPR) of $t$ with respect to $s$. The problem of estimating $π(s,t)$ within a constant multiplicative factor with constant success probability for a given vertex pair $(s,t)$ is called the single-pair PPR estimation problem. We investigate the instance-optimality of single-pair PPR estimation in directed graphs. We present a new algorithm that aims at instance-optimal running time up to polylogarithmic factors. In other words, no correct algorithm can run faster than our algorithm on any valid graph by more than a polylogarithmic factor. We show that our algorithm is instance-optimal in the standard adjacency-list query model if $n$ is not known (as is often the case for most of the large networks to which PPR is applied). When $n$ is known, our algorithm is still instance-optimal for sparse graphs. For denser graphs, when $n$ is known, we show that no algorithm can achieve general instance-optimality. For the multiplicative approximation of PPR, we also improve the worst-case complexity from $O(mn\log n)$ to the near-optimal $O(m\log n)$. This is not only for the single-pair discussed above, but also for the single-source and single-target variants of the PPR estimation problem.

cs.DS

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.12180

TS-GEAR: Taobao Shangou GEnerative Ad Retrieval

Guofeng Tong, Xu Zhang, Guangliang Yu, Haiqiang Wang, Guannan Cong, Xing Guo, Yang Zhou, Jingjing Duan 等 11 位作者

原文摘要

On-demand delivery platforms such as DoorDash and Uber Eats impose a constraint absent in traditional e-commerce: merchants beyond the user's delivery range are invalid candidates rather than merely low-ranked. Generative retrieval has recently shown strong potential in large-scale retrieval systems. Adapting it to this setting, however, poses three challenges. First, existing semantic IDs encode geography only as a soft signal, so reachability can only rely on a non-differentiable post-generation hard truncation. Second, user preferences vary substantially across both regions and queries, so aggregating historical behaviors without conditioning on geography and the current query yields biased interest estimates. Third, the retrieved candidate set is evaluated by its collective value, yet autoregressive training scores each sequence independently, with no set-level signal to discourage redundant near-duplicates. To address the challenges, we propose TS-GEAR, a unified generative retrieval framework for on-demand delivery: (1) Geo-Semantic ID splits merchant identifiers into geographic prefixes and semantic suffixes, making reachability a prediction target rather than a post-hoc filter; (2) Query-Geo Target Attention aggregates historical behaviors using the real-time query and location as dual targets, while encoding each behavior's own location into its attention key; (3) GMPO (Group Marginal Policy Optimization) rewrites advantages using a deduplicated group reward and marginal advantage within GRPO, avoiding auxiliary diversity objectives. Deployed online with a lightweight 0.1B backbone, TS-GEAR serves over 150 million queries per day in the search advertising pipeline of Taobao Shangou, consistently outperforming state-of-the-art generative retrieval methods on both HitRate and geographic validity, and achieving 3.8% gains in ad impressions and 4.2% in ad revenue.

cs.IR · cs.AI · cs.CL

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.13034

RoboACE: Adversarial Co-Evolution for Robot Self-Improvement

Delin Zhao, Zhengrong Yue, Junlin He, Yali Wang

原文摘要

Robot agents can improve reusable skills, planning procedures, and recovery strategies from execution feedback, yet a fixed practice source leaves the search for new weaknesses unchanged. Useful practice depends on the agent's current capabilities, so the procedure that chooses practice must also be revisable. We present RoboACE (Robot Adversarial Co-Evolution), a framework that jointly evolves curriculum and execution harnesses around frozen foundation models. The curriculum harness uses accumulated capability evidence to propose informative challenges, while the execution harness responds with reusable revisions that expand execution capabilities. Alternating updates hold one side fixed as the other changes, and admitted challenges form fixed snapshots for comparing execution revisions. Starting from a compact set of LIBERO practice conditions, the resulting frozen deployment outperforms the evaluated controllers and agent systems across four LIBERO-family panels. On LIBERO-PRO, it reaches 74.0% success, exceeding the initial deployment by 15.0 percentage points and direct execution by its VLA controller by 13.5 points. Case studies document changes to evidence-guided practice selection, drawer-skill grounding, and controller intervention.

cs.RO

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.12177

Embodied First Exam

Kangrui Wang, Qineng Wang, Changhe Chen, Pingyue Zhang, Chi Gui, Feishi Wang, Canyu Chen, Wenli Xiao 等 30 位作者

原文摘要

Early successes on agentic robotics point to a potential paradigm shift toward using coding agents to control robots. Existing robotics benchmarks are built around visuomotor policy learning, leaving it open whether coding agents can reliably control diverse robots under physical-world constraints. We therefore introduce the Embodied First Exam, a unified, comprehensive, and agent-native evaluation framework where coding agents can choose their own control approach: direct control, code to control, or train a policy to control. We hope it serves as a first exam for coding agents before they enter the physical world, with 1,156 tasks in 35 suites on 47 robots, including 9 new suites that go beyond pick-and-place to spatial puzzles, dexterous manipulation, multi-robot interaction, dynamic whole-body control, and sim-to-sim engineering. Each task can be run in up to three evaluation settings. The Standard Setting mimics the real world: the agent receives only sensor observations and, by default, cannot reset the environment. Its Realtime variant keeps the environment running while the agent reasons. The Privileged Setting gives the agent access to the full simulator state and unlimited resets, allowing it to search for an oracle solution for training purposes. Success rates in this setting serve as an approximate upper bound. On the 456 core tasks, the strongest of eight agents, GPT-6 Astra in Codex, achieves a success rate of 34% in the Standard Setting, leaving much room for improvement. To see where agents fail, we label the stage at which failed attempts go wrong and compare failures across agents, settings, and stage categories.

cs.RO · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.12175

GeoMind: A Benchmark for Spatial Understanding in Robotic Manipulation

Jinghe Wang, Xinrui Cao, Duo Wu, Chenghao Gu, Yong Zhong, Linjia Kang, Tianyi Xiong, Zhi Wang

原文摘要

Robotic manipulation has advanced rapidly in mapping visual observations and language instructions to actions. However, reliable manipulation in open-world environments requires robust spatial understanding: the ability to identify targets in complex layouts (spatial reasoning) and adapt to scenes that continuously evolve through interaction (spatial memory). Yet existing embodied benchmarks fall short in evaluating spatial understanding: they often introduce strong visual cues that bypass spatial reasoning, and focus on static scenes that offer little insight into an agent's capacity for spatial memory. To address this gap, we introduce GeoMind, a systematic benchmark for structured spatial understanding through tabletop manipulation. GeoMind comprises 54 evaluated task variants organized around spatial reasoning and spatial memory. It also incorporates a scalable pipeline that automates the generation and annotation of task instances with verified targets and executable interactions. Extensive evaluations across diverse embodied agents reveal their consistent weaknesses in spatial understanding. Our findings highlight that these agents struggle to track identities after spatial changes and convert relational or geometric constraints into executable actions. We release the GeoMind benchmark at https://github.com/Notfound-JH/GEOMIND-benchmark.git.

cs.RO · cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2508.14948

LFM4Ads: Large Foundation Model for Ads Recommendation

Jie Jiang, Shangyu Zhang, Shijie Quan, Zhongren Wang, Tianqu Zhuang, Junwei Pan, Bo Fu, Yilong Sun 等 35 位作者

原文摘要

Recent work leverages large-scale pretrained foundation models (FMs) to transfer generalizable representations to downstream advertising tasks. Most existing approaches transfer user representations (URs) and item representations (IRs), while underutilizing the user-item cross representations (CRs) generated by deeper interaction layers. Although a recent work transfers target-aware embeddings (TAEs), it requires real-time upstream FM inference alongside the downstream, introducing additional engineering complexity and overhead. To address these limitations, we propose Large Foundation Model for Ads Recommendation (LFM4Ads), an efficient pretrain-then-transfer paradigm for cross-domain ad recommendation. LFM4Ads jointly exploits URs, IRs, and CRs from the upstream FM. It extracts sample-level CRs from pretrained interaction layers and aggregates them into user-level CRs using a time-aware exponential moving average, thereby decoupling upstream inference from downstream online serving. To use CRs efficiently, we propose three downstream usages at different levels of granularity: feature-level gating to fuse CRs into downstream embeddings, module-level fine-tuning to yield downstream CRs, and model-level retrieval by matching CRs with IRs. LFM4Ads has been deployed on Tencent's advertising platform since Q4 2024. It has supported 10+ launches across major scenarios, yielding a platform-wide gross merchandise value (GMV) lift of 2.45% and annual revenue gains in the hundreds of millions of dollars. Offline experiments on KuaiRand-1K further demonstrate our effectiveness. Our code is available at https://github.com/ZhuangQu/LFM4Ads.

cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2608.30556

AdaPath: Query-Adaptive Path-Finding via Path-Bank for Multi-Hop Implicit Biomedical KGQA

Jun Hyeong Kim, Dongki Kim, Yinhua Piao, Sung Ju Hwang

原文摘要

Path-finding over knowledge graphs has become an effective way to ground LLM reasoning on multi-hop questions. However, biomedical QA introduces two distinct challenges that general-domain methods are not designed for: (i) queries do not expose intermediate reasoning and can be answered through multiple valid pathways, and (ii) biomedical knowledge graphs are densely connected, so path-finding methods easily take wrong turns. To address these challenges, we propose AdaPath, a path-finding framework that retrieves query-adaptive meta-paths from Path-Bank, which captures both query semantics and biomedical knowledge graph structure. AdaPath provides the missing cues in biomedical queries while effectively pruning dense knowledge graph neighborhoods during multi-hop reasoning. We further release BioStrat-QA, a biomedical KGQA benchmark that stratifies multi-hop queries by how much intermediate reasoning they expose. Across biomedical KGQA benchmarks, AdaPath consistently outperforms baselines, sustaining meaningful path-finding even when multi-hop queries expose less surface information. The source code is available at https://github.com/Jun-Hyeong-Kim/AdaPath.

cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.12160

Beyond Flat Walks: Compositional Abstraction for Autoregressive Graph Generation

Kaiwen Bian, Andrew H. Yang, Yusu Wang, Ali Parviz, Gal Mishne

原文摘要

Autoregressive graph generators typically linearize graphs through flat node-edge walks, which can obscure higher-order structure in large and complex graphs. We introduce a hierarchical graph abstraction and coarse-to-fine generation pipeline that separates coarsening, tokenization, and decoding. This exposes three design axes: community coarsening, hierarchical tokenization, and order randomization. Across these axes, traversal-based hierarchy consistently improves distributional and structural fidelity, while its V.U.N.\ cost depends strongly on the coarsening and randomization policy. In particular, the fidelity--V.U.N.\ trade-off observed under within-community randomization is substantially reduced when traversal order is randomized across the full hierarchy. With a fixed backbone, training protocol, and matched training time across five molecular and five non-molecular benchmarks, hierarchical serialization yields consistent distributional and structural gains on all molecular datasets, while the non-molecular results further show that these gains depend on how well the supplied hierarchy aligns with structure in the target distribution. Together, these results characterize when and how hierarchical serialization benefits autoregressive graph generation.

cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2602.01849

Self-Rewarding Sequential Monte Carlo for Masked Diffusion Language Models

Ziwei Luo, Ziqi Jin, Lei Wang, Lidong Bing, Thomas B. Schön

原文摘要

This work presents self-rewarding sequential Monte Carlo (SMC), an inference-time scaling algorithm enabling effective sampling of masked diffusion language models (MDLMs). Our algorithm stems from the observation that most existing MDLMs rely on a confidence-based sampling strategy, where only tokens with the highest prediction confidence are preserved at each step. This restricts the generation to a noise-sensitive, greedy decoding paradigm, resulting in an inevitable collapse in the diversity of possible paths. We address this problem by launching multiple interacting diffusion processes in parallel, referred to as particles, for trajectory exploration. Importantly, we introduce the trajectory-level confidence as a self-rewarding signal for assigning particle importance weights. During sampling, particles are iteratively weighted and resampled to systematically steer generation towards globally confident, high-quality samples. Our self-rewarding SMC is verified on various masked diffusion language models and benchmarks, achieving significant improvement without extra training or reward guidance, while effectively converting parallel inference capacity into improved sampling quality. Our code is available at https://github.com/Algolzw/self-rewarding-smc.

cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.12139

BioMARS 2.0: a robotic biologist for formulating and adapting biological experiments

Yibo Qiu, Zan Huang, Yilin Qiao, Ziyang Ling, Yi Wang, Zhengyang Lu, Hangke Peng, Haoliang Ye 等 22 位作者

原文摘要

Biological experimentation is not reducible to a single optimization problem, but requires decisions at multiple levels of abstraction: translating scientific knowledge into experimental procedures, adapting culture conditions to measured phenotypes and selecting interventions that test biological hypotheses. Automating experimental execution does not, by itself, determine which experiments should be performed next or how they should change in response to biological feedback. Here we introduce BioMARS, a human-in-the-loop multi-agent robotic system that connects knowledge-guided experimental decision-making with robotic execution and biological feedback. At the procedural level, BioMARS generated literature-grounded protocols and traceable action plans, improving expert-reviewed protocol quality scores across four model backends. At the parametric level, BioMARS used image-derived phenotypes from robotic retinal organoid culture to select subsequent experimental conditions, with higher reported scores in later rounds of the three-round experiment. At the intervention level, BioMARS nominated drug-repurposing candidates from biomedical evidence and advanced six candidates to wet-lab testing by researchers. Together, these studies demonstrate feedback-driven robotic biological experimentation within a framework that supports decisions about experimental procedures, culture conditions and biological interventions.

cs.RO · q-bio.QM

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.12136

LHNav: Long-Horizon Humanoid Navigation via Multirate Coordination and Physics-Grounded Action Data

Xueyang Wang, Zehong Shen, Dingkun Wei, Huaijin Pi, Changpeng Wang, Xing Zhu, Hujun Bao, Yujun Shen 等 9 位作者

原文摘要

We study humanoid navigation across multiple destinations under long-horizon language instructions. This task is challenging because robots must maintain progress across successive goals while continuously producing natural, stable whole-body motion through confined spaces. However, task decomposition in existing methods does not by itself ensure progress throughout execution, while waypoint-based navigation does not guarantee natural, route-faithful whole-body motion. Our key idea is to organize navigation into three complementary roles operating at different time scales: a Brain for task reasoning, a Cerebellum for local motion generation, and a Brainstem for whole-body execution. We realize this idea in LHNav, an asynchronous system that uses progress and arrival feedback to coordinate navigation goals, VLA motion-token prediction, and whole-body control. To train the Cerebellum for natural, route-faithful motion, we develop a physics-grounded data engine that improves physical tracking of motion references along collision-aware routes and pairs the resulting demonstrations with rendered visual observations. Together, these designs allow task planning to proceed alongside continuous movement and extend single-goal navigation to successive destinations with natural, route-faithful whole-body motion. In simulation, our navigation VLA outperforms OmniNav and DualVLN in single-goal success and motion smoothness, with fewer collisions and falls. Using a VLA trained only on single-goal demonstrations, LHNav achieves a 75.56% success rate on long-horizon navigation tasks. Deployment on the Unitree G1 further demonstrates single-goal navigation and zero-shot long-horizon task execution in real-world environments, including layouts with repositioned objects. Project website: https://robbyant-research.github.io/LHNav/.

cs.RO · cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v5arXiv:2604.20133

EvoAgent: An Evolvable Agent Framework with Skill Learning and Multi-Agent Delegation

Aimin Zhang, Jiajing Guo, Fuwei Jia, Chen Lv, Boyu Wang, Fangzheng Li

原文摘要

Large language model (LLM) agents increasingly rely on reusable skills, but skills are usually written by hand, and letting an agent change them on its own calls for explicit user control. We report on EvoAgent, an evolvable agent framework built for a foreign trade assistant, and share the engineering choices behind it. We organize the agent as a harness of four components (reasoning, context engineering, tools and state) and confine self-improvement to the user's persistent state: profile, memory and skills. Skills are multi-file packages with lazily loaded references, matched in three stages (keyword, embedding, LLM). The main agent can delegate to sub-agents with their own context, and long histories are compressed while an index of recoverable resources is kept. An offline loop reviews completed sessions to update the profile and memory and to propose skills; in the open-source release a skill changes only after the user confirms the proposal. On 172 foreign trade test cases scored by an LLM judge on five dimensions, GPT-5.2 with EvoAgent scored about 28% higher than GPT-5.2 called directly with only the final query. This is a single run judged by the model under test, so it measures the harness as a whole rather than any one mechanism, and swapping in GPT-4.1 or Qwen3.5-35B-A3B lowered the scores relative to calling those models directly. Several mechanisms described here were added after the version we evaluated and are not evaluated. The evaluation data is proprietary, so the results are for reference only. An open-source release of the code, which is not the evaluated business version, is available at https://github.com/Focus-AI-Center/Mentarc-EvoAgent

cs.AI

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2609.35028

VEX-Bench: Benchmarking Verification Complexity of LLM-Generated Misinformation

Hanxun Huang, Yutao Wu, Qizhou Wang, Silvia Montaña-Niño, Yige Li, Xiang Zheng, Elif Buse Doyuran, Phoebe Matich 等 12 位作者

原文摘要

Large language models (LLMs) have made misinformation inexpensive to produce but not to verify, creating a growing asymmetry in the information ecosystem. Under tight time, labor, and budget constraints, media organizations, platforms, and fact-checkers rely on screening to prioritize which content to verify. We introduce VEX-Bench, a unified benchmark for evaluating the verification complexity of LLM-generated misinformation, as perceived during screening, across models and generation methods. Verification complexity is assessed along multiple dimensions derived from journalistic and fact-checking practices, capturing checkability, harm potential, source credibility signals, imposter legitimacy, and expected verification effort. We define the VEX score as an integrated measure combining elicitation yield and verification complexity to quantify how generated content consumes limited verification capacity. We construct a benchmark spanning two misinformation categories, 6 high-stakes domains, and 60 real-world topics, and evaluate 7 frontier LLMs and 7 generation methods, yielding 5{,}880 articles. We employ an LLM-as-judge for scalable evaluation and validate it using content-analysis methodology, including ordinal Krippendorff $α$ for inter-annotator reliability, complemented by fact-checking agents for verification. Our findings show that no single method dominates all dimensions, underscoring the need for multi-dimensional evaluation. LLMs can generate high-VEX misinformation at 3$\times$ to 169$\times$ lower cost than agent-based verification. Such content is often prioritized during screening, consuming scarce verification resources and introducing a systematic risk of misallocation in resource-constrained verification systems. The code is publicly available in our \href{https://github.com/HanxunH/VEX-Bench}{GitHub repository}.

cs.LG · cs.AI · cs.CL · cs.CY · cs.IR

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.12111

GAP: Generalized Adaptation Prior for Dexterous Piano Playing

Jinyi Chen, Hongyi Li, Lei Jiang, Xianwei Liu, Yanhong Liang, Yulin Chen, Yucheng Tao, Yongbin Jin 等 9 位作者

原文摘要

Dexterous hands enable versatile manipulation, but policies trained in simulation often degrade on hardware owing to non-idealities, and the high-dimensional action space makes real-world adaptation costly. Piano playing, which requires precise and coordinated multifinger motion, offers a representative testbed. We propose GAP (Generalized Adaptation Prior for Dexterous Piano Playing), a sample-efficient adaptation framework that learns how to adapt, rather than how to act, during simulation pretraining and transfers this adaptation prior to hardware. Between repeated executions, GAP uses feedback to adjust the actions of the next one: a gradient guidance network learns from paired executions how adjusting actions affects playing performance, and its gradients guide these adjustments. In simulation, GAP yields approximately 2.4 times the F1 scores improvement of the existing fast-adaptation baseline for dexterous piano playing under the same interaction budget. The learned prior also generalizes to musical pieces held out from pretraining. On a physical dexterous hand, the same simulation-pretrained prior improves F1 scores by 3.6%-23% across three pieces of varying difficulty after approximately 7 min of adaptation each. These results suggest a practical route to reduce the real-world interaction needed to deploy dexterous hands.

cs.RO

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.12097

Calibrating Document-Local Boundaries for Contextual Chunk Retrieval

Yuanxiang Wang, Hui Jiang, Da Zhu, Zhihua Chang

原文摘要

Late Chunking encodes an entire document before pooling at chunk boundaries, preserving document context in local retrieval units. Chunk-level post-training improves context-dependent retrieval, but shared context can make semantically similar same-document negatives difficult to distinguish. We study the local decision boundary between a gold chunk and its hardest sibling. Starting from InSeNT, we analyze InSeNT's within-document gradients and show that the entropy of the conditional negative allocation decreases monotonically with the scaling factor at fixed logits. We propose a two-part framework for calibrating document-local chunk boundaries. The first component adapts the discriminative scale from within-document margins, while the second exposes chunk partitions to attention during document encoding. Experiments on ConTEB and NanoBEIR show that the resulting model improves contextual chunk retrieval across the evaluated encoder settings while retaining competitive passage-level retrieval quality; ablations further characterize the distinct roles of adaptive scaling and chunk-aware routing.

cs.LG · cs.IR

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2608.19861

PolicyGuide: From Guarding One Action to Guiding the Whole Workflow for Policy-Compliant LLM Agents

Seongjae Kang, Taehyung Yu, Sung Ju Hwang

原文摘要

Customer-service LLM agents must follow organizational policy when acting on a user's behalf. Compliance failures arise from either forbidden actions, such as granting an ineligible change, or omitted procedural requirements, such as identification or confirmation. Runtime safeguards can intervene on risky actions, but action-local checks do not guide an agent through a multi-step procedure. Workflow-following systems support prescribed process execution, but primarily target workflow completion rather than safeguarding agent behavior. PolicyGuide instead compiles each domain policy into a workflow graph and invokes a proactive verifier at user-turn boundaries. From persisted graph state, the verifier reconciles open requests and returns step-specific remediation along a policy-compliant path. Across the $τ^2$-bench airline, retail, and telecom domains with a GPT 5.4 agent and verifier, PolicyGuide raises mean $\mathrm{Pass}^4$ from $0.42$ to $0.62$, with the largest gain on telecom ($0.19$ to $0.61$), the most workflow-structured domain. The same workflows transfer to Claude Sonnet 4.6 and Gemini 2.5 Pro agents. Complementary evaluations find the lowest observed attack-success rate under adversarial users and the strongest procedural compliance in an independently validated workflow-level audit.

cs.AI · cs.CL · cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.12087

Compass 1: Towards Open-World and Persistent Embodied Navigation from Monocular RGB Videos

Hai Zhang, Siqi Liang, Yanjun Guo, Shoufeng Zhang, Yunhao Wang, Hangyu Du, Haoguang Mai, Hongchen Li 等 20 位作者

原文摘要

Embodied navigation requires agents to achieve persistent spatial awareness and long-horizon execution stability in open-world environments. However, existing navigation architectures struggle to sustain both capabilities, remaining effective only over a handful of recent frames. We present Compass 1, the first embodied navigation foundation model to unify language understanding and video generation while enabling memory backtracking through nearly 2mins of visual history. Without altering the underlying architecture, we introduce History Representation, which integrates sparse visual keyframes with an explicit History Representation Map to preserve long-term spatiotemporal context. To effectively leverage this history, we further introduce History Utilization, a structured VQA supervision protocol comprising three categories: task-stage grounding, exploration consistency, and spatiotemporal target retrieval, enabling map-grounded reasoning and stable persistent long-horizon navigation. To fuel this system, we establish a complete annotation pipeline for monocular RGB videos and open-source a massive dataset featuring over 500 hours of high-quality real-world interactions and over 2,000 hours of annotated web videos. Trained mainly on the distribution of 1m height camera, Compass 1 generalizes seamlessly across diverse embodiments and scenarios, ranging from indoor environments to pedestrian-dense streets, spanning wheeled robot at 0.35m, quadruped dog at 0.5m, humanoid at 0.85m, and aerial drone at 1.5m. Compass 1achieves a dominant overall success rate of 79.4% across open-world evaluations, compared to 17.8% for the strongest baseline. It demonstrates exceptional zero-shot execution exceeding 90% on foundational tasks, a 250% boost in exploration, and an unparalleled leap from 0% to 58% in challenging persistent history backtracking.

cs.CV · cs.RO

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2606.29225

PolicyGuard: A Dialogue-Grounded Sub-Agent Verifier for Policy Adherence in LLM Agents

Seongjae Kang, Taehyung Yu, Sung Ju Hwang

原文摘要

LLM agents handle user requests on behalf of organizations through tool calls and must follow the company policies stated in their system prompts. Prior work approaches this as a safeguarding problem -- external checks that block non-compliant agent actions. We argue that policy adherence is broader: real workflows unfold across many turns, require explicit user confirmation and prerequisite reads, and hinge on dialogue rather than on any single argument value. We introduce PolicyGuard, a sub-agent verifier that shares the agent's view of the dialogue, reasons over the policy in context, and returns actionable remediation. On $τ^2$-bench airline across GPT 5.4, Claude Sonnet 4.6, and Gemini 2.5 Pro, PolicyGuard improves $\mathrm{Pass}^4$, the fraction of tasks successful in all four trials, by +12.0 / +6.0 / +12.0 pp; pooled paired tests support an overall cross-vendor effect. We further evaluate PolicyGuard on the full retail and telecom base splits, covering all three $τ^2$-bench customer-service domains. Further analyses show that PolicyGuard improves reliability beyond agent self-checking, catches more policy violations with fewer blocks than argument-level guards, and preserves its refusal accuracy under three adversarial probes.

cs.AI · cs.CL

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.13028

GTAGym: Real AAA Game Tasks Environment for Evaluation and Reinforcement Learning

Jiajun Chen, Shicheng Fang, Jiahao Lu, Yuxin Wang, Xipeng Qiu

原文摘要

AAA games offer a rich testbed for evaluating agent perception, reasoning, and control. However, evaluating whether agents can complete tasks in AAA games is challenging and often human-annotated because task outcomes are often difficult to verify automatically, let alone applying it for Reinforcement Learning (RL). We introduce GTAGym, an environment and framework for evaluation and RL on GTA V tasks. Its evaluation benchmark, GTAVBench, derived from GTA V main-story missions, contains 103 online tasks reconstructed across nine task families, alongside 47 image-based shooting and sniping tasks using GTA V imagery. A web server provides access to the online environment and evaluation interface, supporting parallel testing through screenshots and keyboard-mouse actions with automatic engine-state outcome checks. We evaluate six frontier LLMs on GTAVBench with textual task instructions and on its GTAVBench-AGI branch, where instructions appear only in the first screenshot and a harness automatically compresses interaction history. The best configuration achieves 70.9% overall accuracy in GTAVBench-AGI, yet aerial navigation, evasion and interception remain difficult. GTAGym also provides a scalable generator that samples task parameters within user-specified ranges and option sets under fixed templates, creating batches of 3D and image-based shooting environments for RL with automatic reward and termination signals. LoRA RL of Qwen3.8-27B on generated on-foot navigation tasks improves the in-domain performance and transfers to out-of-domain task categories, and native GTA V tasks from 15% to 23%.

cs.CV · cs.AI · cs.CL

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2412.18212

Accelerating AIGC Services with Latent Action Diffusion Scheduling in Edge Networks

Changfu Xu, Jianxiong Guo, Wanyu Lin, Haodong Zou, Yuzhu Liang, Xiaowen Chu, Jiannong Cao, Tian Wang

原文摘要

Artificial Intelligence Generated Content (AIGC) has gained significant popularity for creating diverse content. However, current AIGC models primarily focus on content quality within a centralized framework, resulting in a high service delay and negative user experiences. The workload of an AIGC task is determined by model complexity and multi-layered encoder architectures, posing significant challenges for its modeling, deployment, and scheduling within resource-constrained edge networks. We model an offloading problem among edges for providing real AIGC services and propose \textbf{LAD-TS}, a novel Latent Action Diffusion-based Task Scheduling method that orchestrates multiple edge servers for expedited AIGC services by leveraging the diffusion model's conditional guidance capability and the reinforcement learning's environment interaction ability. We first design an innovative Latent Action Diffusion Network (LADN) model based on traditional diffusion models. We then incorporate the LADN model into deep reinforcement learning, forming an effective LAD-TS method for task scheduling in distributed edge networks. Meanwhile, we design a latent action diffusion strategy to achieve near-optimal decisions quickly by utilizing historical action probabilities instead of Gaussian noise. Furthermore, we implement a refined AIGC model and develop \textbf{DEdgeAI}, a prototype edge system with the refined AIGC model deployment to evaluate our LAD-TS method. DEdgeAI provides a real AIGC service for users, demonstrating up to $7.36\%-18.11\%$ and $34.07\%-94.96\%$ shorter service delays than the state-of-the-art methods and representative commercial platforms, respectively. We release our open-source code at https://github.com/ChangfuXu/DEdgeAI/

cs.LG · cs.DC

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.12068

MIRIX-2.0: Multi-Agent Memory System

Wei-Chieh Huang, Weizhi Zhang, Jiayan Nan, Peng Xia, Yu Wang

原文摘要

Long-term memory lets LLM agents personalize, stay consistent, and reuse what worked before. Parametric memories need training, consolidation can lose details for good, and keeping every record leaves a growing store to search. We present MIRIX-2.0, a multi-agent memory system designed to be practical, accurate, and efficient at once. It is the most accurate of the compared systems on four of five QA benchmarks. It reaches 91.4% on LoCoMo and 72.6% on LongMemEval-S, where it leads the strongest baseline by 14.3 points, and with AutoDream disabled it gains 31.0 and 22.0 points over HyperMem on single-hop and multi-hop document QA. As procedural memory, it yields the highest mean success among the compared memory methods on ALFWorld and WebShop and reaches 49.2% on MetaClaw-Bench, against 44.0% for MetaClaw's skill library. Six typed memory agents keep complete records as the system of record, and a provenance hypergraph indexes episodic and semantic records with n-ary frames that cite their rows. Retrieval runs under explicit budgets, so the evidence a question inspects does not grow with the history. AutoDream merges duplicate anchors outside the write path without rewriting any record, and it distills task sessions into skills. With AutoDream disabled, MIRIX-2.0 answers faster than HyperMem on all five timed benchmarks. It needs no fine-tuning, runs with closed and open models, and its code is public.

cs.CL

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗