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原文摘要

The increasing energy consumption of next-generation mobile networks necessitates the adoption of autonomous and energy-aware management strategies. This article proposes a novel adaptive solution leveraging the Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) architecture to optimize energy efficiency while maintaining Quality of Service (QoS). The proposed approach introduces a hierarchical O-RAN-aligned control framework in which a Non-Real-Time RAN Intelligent Controller (Non-RT RIC) periodically computes energy-aware policies from long-term historical data, while a Near-Real-Time RIC enforces those policies through per-User Equipment (UE) handover actions on a sub-second timescale. We formulate a joint energy- and QoS-aware load balancing problem as a Mixed-Integer Non-Linear Programming (MINLP) model. This model optimizes UE association across E2 Nodes to minimize transmission power and autonomously deactivate underutilized cells, while satisfying strict QoS constraints. To validate the proposed solution, we deploy it in an experimental environment that simulates massive sports events. Experimental results demonstrate 72% energy savings over a 24-hour trace and sub-second handover delays (0.123-0.204 s/UE), confirming the solution's feasibility for autonomous and sustainable 5G Advanced networks. This work provides guidelines for deploying energy-efficient strategies in O-RAN environments and underscores the potential of adaptive solutions for sustainable mobile communications.