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新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.10861

SWXAI: A Unified Multimodal Explainability Library for Space Weather Forecasting and Heliophysics

Benedict Antonio Mervyn, Anli Ji, Manolis K. Georgoulis, Berkay Aydin

原文摘要

Space weather forecasting and heliophysics increasingly rely on machine learning models that process heterogeneous inputs such as multi-viewpoint multi-wavelength solar images and rasters, multivariate time series, spatial annotations, and tabular event-level data. However, explainability workflows remain fragmented across libraries, model interfaces, and output formats, limiting reuse and reproducibility. We present SWXAI, an open-source library that unifies explainable AI (XAI) workflows for image, time-series, and tabular data in space weather forecasting and heliophysics. SWXAI provides a common, extensible interface across commonly used vision, time-series, and tabular learning models, with validation, adaptation, and persistent explanation objects. It also includes domain-grounded examples, reproducible notebooks, tests, and documentation, enabling users to inspect outputs, swap models or explainers, and extend workflows to new heliophysics datasets. SWXAI reduces modality-specific engineering overhead and supports comparable, reusable explanations across heterogeneous scientific machine learning pipelines. A benchmark against direct backend implementations shows that SWXAI substantially reduces the code users write to produce an explanation, with no practical runtime cost.

cs.LG · astro-ph.SR · physics.space-ph

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2606.26631

Adaptive Visual KV Cache Reuse for Efficient Multi-Turn Iterative Multimodal Reasoning

Mengzhao Wang, Yanli Ji, Wangmeng Zuo, Chongjun Tu

原文摘要

Multi-turn visual reasoning acquires evidence through repeated cropping and local inspection, but overlapping observations lead to redundant visual encoding and prefill. We propose an adaptive visual KV cache reuse framework that reduces repeated processing while retaining access to additional image detail. The central difficulty is that skipping visual prefill also removes the interaction between a new observation and the current reasoning: historical keys remain bound to old positions, while historical values have not incorporated the intent formed between crops. Our framework first selects full re-encoding or regional reuse according to crop size and cache availability. On the reuse path, Positional Key Rebinding (PKR) corrects attention matching at the new positions, and Intent-guided Value Enhancement (IVE) uses pre-crop reasoning attention to strengthen content relevant to the current objective. Source states from fully re-encoded crops are retained for subsequent retrieval and reuse. The framework requires no additional training on reuse hits, it bypasses the visual encoder and prefill for the selected visual tokens, then resumes normal text reasoning. Experiments show that our method reduces inference time while preserving the overall accuracy of multi-turn visual reasoning that relies on intermediate crop images.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.10313

Multi-objective drift-aware MLOps agent for model retraining

Kumuda Valli, Anli Ji

原文摘要

Deployed ML models face non-stationary data and delayed labels, yet most retraining strategies rely on fixed schedules or brittle drift thresholds that ignore operational cost. In this setting, retraining is a sequential decision problem rather than a one-time threshold choice. We present DARE (Drift-Aware Retraining Engine), an offline, event-driven retraining framework that separates ingestion, monitoring, policy decisions, training, and logging through explicit schemas and deterministic replay. We compare DARE against practical heuristic retraining baselines, including fixed-interval, threshold-persistence, and action-rate-matched fixed scheduling policies. On Airline, the locked LinUCB policy achieves a higher mean F1 while substantially reducing intervention frequency relative to heuristic and action-rate-matched baselines. Additional runtime-calibrated evaluation shows that these gains persist when measured using the cumulative update wall-clock time. These results suggest that conservative sequential retraining policies can improve performance while reducing unnecessary operational overhead under delayed feedback.

cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2611.02780

Lookahead Prediction-Guided Adaptive Visual Refocusing for Interleaved Multimodal Reasoning

Mengzhao Wang, Yanli Ji, Peng Ye

原文摘要

Interleaved multimodal chain-of-thought reasoning improves the visual reasoning capabilities of multimodal large language models by dynamically incorporating visual evidence during reasoning. However, existing methods primarily select evidence from historical context. When the reasoning focus shifts, history-guided evidence may remain focused on prior regions and fail to cover the visual information required by the next step. We refer to this lag between visual evidence and subsequent reasoning demands as Temporal Evidence Myopia. To address this issue, we propose Lookahead Prediction-guided Adaptive Visual Refocusing (LPAVR), a training-free test-time framework. LPAVR transforms Multi-Token Prediction (MTP) from a decoding acceleration mechanism into a lookahead signal for anticipating upcoming reasoning intent. During MTP decoding, the draft head generates multiple future tokens, while the target model verifies them in parallel and retains the longest prefix consistent with its decoding trajectory. This target-verified prefix contains near-future semantics, which LPAVR uses to construct lookahead-guided visual evidence and assess whether history-guided evidence covers the indicated regions. If the coverage is sufficient, the history-guided evidence is retained; otherwise, LPAVR switches to the lookahead-guided evidence. This better aligns the visual context with upcoming reasoning and improves consistency between draft predictions and target-model decoding. Experiments on multiple multimodal reasoning benchmarks show that LPAVR improves both reasoning accuracy and the acceptance rates of MTP speculative tokens, jointly enhancing visual reasoning and speculative decoding efficiency.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
版本更新 · v2arXiv:2610.37918

Venus-DefakerOne2: A Vision-Forensics Foundation Model with Broader Coverage

Chenfan Qu, Yachao Liang, Mingqi Fang, Jiangwei Xie, Zhenming Wang, Baoyue Zhang, Changjiang Jiang, Zheng Chang 等 31 位作者

原文摘要

Real-world forgery is inherently heterogeneous: it manifests not only as digital manipulation but also as physical spoofing, and is carried not only by images but also by videos. Despite substantial progress, a unified anti-forgery foundation model covering such a broad threat spectrum remains absent. In this paper, we present Venus-DefakerOne2, which substantially extends the forensic capability boundary along both the forgery-form and media-type dimensions. Trained on tens of millions of open-source and in-house samples, it incorporates two key designs. Tide-Style-Tuning alternates LoRA and full-parameter fine-tuning to balance computational efficiency, generalization, and hard-sample fitting while mitigating catastrophic forgetting. Entropy-based Test Adaptation determines the optimal prediction modality by analyzing prediction entropy. Venus-DefakerOne2 achieves new state-of-the-art performance across a comprehensive suite of benchmarks, including DeepFake faces (96.7%), AI-generated images (93.3%), tampered documents (87.6%), manipulated natural images (89.6%), physical spoofs (93.1%), and AI-generated videos (96.0%). It significantly outperforms both specialized expert models and its predecessor, DefakerOne, establishing itself as a powerful and versatile foundation model for binary-decision forensic tasks.

cs.CV

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗
新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.38095

Nemotron 3.5 Super and Lightning: Open, Efficient Mixture-of-Experts Hybrid Mamba-Transformer Models for Agentic AI

NVIDIA, :, Aastha Jhunjhunwala, Aayushi Ashokkumar Srivastava, Abhibha Gupta, Abhinav Garg, Abhinav Khattar, Achsah Wildish 等 559 位作者

原文摘要

We introduce Nemotron 3.5 Super and Nemotron 3.5 Lightning, open and efficient Mixture-of-Experts Hybrid Mamba-Transformer models designed for reasoning, long-context understanding, and agentic workloads. Super is a 120B-parameter, 12B-active multimodal model, while Lightning is a smaller 30B-parameter, 3B-active text model; both designed for efficient deployment. Both models combine large-scale distillation, long-context training, and native speculative decoding, while Super further incorporates Indic continued pretraining and agentic software-engineering mid-training. We develop a comprehensive post-training pipeline spanning supervised fine-tuning and reinforcement learning (RLVR and RLHF), complemented in Super by specialized teacher training and multi- teacher on-policy distillation (MOPD). This transforms Super from a text-only base model into a multimodal agent capable of reasoning over text, images, video, and interactive tool environments. We further explore test-time scaling through parallel agent execution and self-verification. Across training and deployment, we jointly optimize capability and efficiency. Indic continued pretraining improves Indian-language benchmarks by up to 9.82 percentage points, while agentic mid-training strengthens software-engineering capabilities and robustness across agent harnesses. The post-trained Super model achieves 51.78% on SWE-bench Pro, surpassing Nemotron 3 Ultra despite using approximately 4.6x fewer active parameters. Post-training MTP boosting improves speculative- decoding acceptance length by up to 21.8% under probabilistic draft sampling, while NVFP4 quantization achieves 99.62% median accuracy recovery relative to BF16. Inference optimizations enable up to 4,856 output tokens/s/GPU on GB200 while sustaining at least 50 tokens/s/user.

cs.CL · cs.AI · cs.LG

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arXiv ↗PDF ↗