ReFEree: Reference-Free and Fine-Grained Method for Evaluating Factual Consistency in Real-World Code Summarization
Suyoung Bae Sung Kyun Kwan University, CheolWon Na Sungkyunkwan University, Jaehoon Lee Sung Kyun Kwan University, Yumin Lee Sung Kyun Kwan University, YunSeok Choi SungKyunKwan University, Jee-Hyong Lee Sungkyunkwan University
As Large Language Models (LLMs) have become capable of generating long and descriptive code summaries, accurate and reliable evaluation of factual consistency has become a critical challenge. However, previous evaluation methods are primarily designed for short summaries of isolated code snippets. Consequently, they struggle to provide fine-grained evaluation of multi-sentence functionalities and fail to accurately assess dependency context commonly found in real-world code summaries.To address this, we propose ReFEree, a reference-free and fine-grained method for evaluating factual consistency in real-world code summaries. We define factual inconsistency criteria specific to code summaries and evaluate them at the segment level using these criteria along with dependency information. These segment-level results are then aggregated into a fine-grained score. We construct a code summarization benchmark with human-annotated factual consistency labels. The evaluation results demonstrate that ReFEree achieves the highest correlation with human judgment among 13 baselines, improving 15-18% over the previous state-of-the-art. Our code and data are available at https://github.com/bsy99615/ReFEree.git.
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Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表