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原文摘要

Originally introduced in circuit theory, the notion of effective resistance has been fruitfully exploited in graph theory, where each edge in a graph is understood as a resistor in an electric network. In this context, the effective resistance between two vertices quantifies the total opposition to current flow when a unit current is injected at one vertex and extracted at the other. As such, it encodes rich structural and geometric information about the underlying graph: it satisfies a minimum-energy principle termed Thomson's principle, defines a metric on the vertex set, relates to the topology of the graph through Foster's theorem, and determines the probability of appearance of an edge in a random spanning tree. Generalizations of effective resistance to simplicial complexes have been proposed in several forms, often formulated as matrix products of standard operators associated with the complex. We introduce a novel, basis-independent bilinear form, derived from an algebraic reinterpretation of circuit theory, that extends the classical effective resistance from graphs to simplicial complexes. This bilinear form acts on chains and cochains, and in particular, simplices and cosimplices in a simplicial complex. Our framework subsumes and unifies all existing matrix-based formulations of effective resistance. Moreover, we establish higher-order analogues of several fundamental properties known in the graph case: (i) we extend Thomson's principle to our basis-free framework; (ii) we establish metric properties for the effective resistance and its square root on chains and cycles, recovering the classical graph case; (iii) we provide a generalization of Foster's theorem to simplicial complexes; and (iv) we prove a matrix-tree theorem for higher-dimensional spanning trees, linking effective resistance to the probability of appearance of a simplex in random simplicial spanning trees.