World-Model-Augmented Visual Locomotion for Humanoids on Foothold-Constrained Terrain
Yuxi Liu, Lijun Han, Ziming Wang, Ao Zhang, Cong Yang, Wei Sui
Foothold-constrained terrain limits feasible footholds to sparse, discontinuous, or narrow support regions, as in gaps, stepping stones, stairs, and balance beams. In such settings, a single misplaced step can cause a fall. Reliable traversal therefore requires precise foot placement and anticipation of upcoming terrain. To address this challenge, we present World-Model-Augmented Visual Locomotion (WM-LOCO), which augments a visual locomotion policy with predictive context from a jointly trained world model. Given onboard depth observations and proprioception, a recurrent state-space model (RSSM) learns action-conditioned latent dynamics that predict future proprioceptive states, egocentric observations, and task rewards. The resulting recurrent feature is then fed into the proximal policy optimization (PPO) actor-critic, providing predictive context for anticipatory foot placement on foothold-constrained terrain. WM-LOCO achieves average success rates of 96.0% on gaps, 96.9% on stepping stones, 94.0% on stairs, and 92.1% on balance beams, outperforming the evaluated baselines while improving gait efficiency and smoothness. Furthermore, WM-LOCO achieves zero-shot sim-to-real transfer to a Unitree G1, with 92.5% success across these four terrain classes.
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