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原文摘要

Reservoir computing provides an efficient framework for time-series prediction because only the readout layer is trained while the recurrent reservoir remains fixed. In this study, we examine how the negative sign ratio of a signed Erdos-Renyi reservoir affects the internal dynamics and forecasting performance of an echo state network on the Mackey-Glass benchmark. To characterize the reservoir responses, we use two Shannon-entropy-based observables, namely node-state entropy and node-frequency entropy, as empirical proxies for the diversity of reservoir states and temporal activation patterns. We find that intermediate negative sign ratios are associated with richer internal dynamics and substantially lower prediction error than the sign-homogeneous extremes for the task considered here. These results suggest that link-sign composition can be a useful structural parameter in reservoir design for chaotic forecasting. The present findings should be interpreted within the scope of the current benchmark and reservoir setting, and broader validation will be required to establish their generality across other tasks, topologies, and controlled spectral conditions.