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版本更新 · v3arXiv:2605.12850

涌现性失配中的人格模型坍缩

Persona-Model Collapse in Emergent Misalignment

Davi Bastos Costa, Renato Vicente

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作者提出并检验“人格模型坍缩”假说:有害数据微调导致模型内部人格表征退化,表现为角色扮演回答更极化、一致性下降且激活维度收缩。

cs.CL · cs.AI · cs.CR · cs.LG

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Fine-tuning large language models on narrow data with harmful content produces broadly misaligned behavior on unrelated prompts, a phenomenon known as emergent misalignment. We propose that emergent misalignment involves persona-model collapse: a deterioration of the internal representations that encode and distinguish personas, undermining the nuance and consistency of their expression. We first test this hypothesis behaviorally, by comparing how models fine-tuned on harmful data and benign controls answer questionnaires while role-playing diverse personas. Across four model families, harmful fine-tuning produces more polarized, all-or-nothing answers, suggesting more binary, less nuanced persona expression. Histograms show increased concentration at the scale endpoints, and Kullback--Leibler (KL) divergence quantifies the distributional shift. We also find reduced within-persona consistency: repeated answers to the same question under the same persona become less stable. We reproduce these observations across diverse harmful datasets and questionnaires that probe different aspects of persona-conditioned behavior, while capability and simple instruction-following controls argue against a uniform loss of general ability. Finally, a mechanistic analysis of persona-conditioned activations in Qwen3-235B shows that representations elicited by different persona prompts span fewer effective dimensions in the misaligned variant than in the original and benign-control variants, most clearly in the final layers. Together, these findings provide behavioral and representational support for persona-model collapse as an aspect of emergent misalignment.