Multi-agent debate systems require agents to retain and revisit arguments across multiple rounds, yet limited context windows and unstructured memories make relevant information increasingly difficult to recover. Existing flat and pairwise-graph memories also struggle to capture higher-order relations, including multi-agent agreement, conflicting evidence, and evolving consensus. We introduce HEDGE, a selective memory framework that represents debate trajectories as semantic hypergraphs. Hyperedges connect related claims across agents, while intra-hyperedge relational graphs preserve fine-grained argumentative structure. A learned memory selection module (MSM), trained through supervised learning and reinforcement learning, routes each memory candidate to STORE, BACKUP, or OMIT, retaining useful information while limiting redundancy. Across seven diverse benchmarks, HEDGE consistently outperforms strong single-agent, multi-agent, and memory baselines, improving accuracy by 5.0 points on average over the strongest multi-agent system with GPT-4o-mini. The gains reach 8.2 points on conflict-heavy tasks, while HEDGE reduces memory usage by 48% and the number of debate rounds by 34%.
My Chiffon Nguyen, Tianyi Hu, Vinod Anbalagan, Henry Gagnier, Pouya Sadeghi, Farah Abdou, Tidor-Vlad Pricope, Diego MMS Oliveira 等 164 位作者
As LLMs expand their language coverage, evaluating how well they understand and represent diverse cultures becomes increasingly important. However, many benchmarks remain English-centric, with limited cultural coverage and a focus on factual knowledge over its application in real-world cultural contexts. We propose CulturalRiddles, a benchmark of original, culturally grounded riddles created entirely by humans through a participatory community effort, spanning 62 cultures (45 countries, 51 languages). These riddles are deeply rooted in their respective cultures and require abductive and compositional reasoning, alongside detailed factual and social knowledge, language skills, and an understanding of culturally specific associations. We benchmark 28 LLM configurations using both automatic and large-scale human evaluation. Even frontier models achieve at most 22% accuracy in some communities. We publicly release all artifacts alongside an open contribution process to expand the benchmark's linguistic and cultural coverage.
Abdolrasoul Sakhaei Gharagezlou, Mehdi Monemi, Matti Latva-aho, Mehdi Rasti
Dynamic metasurface antennas (DMAs) have emerged as a promising technology for realizing large-scale antenna arrays in next-generation wireless networks owing to their ability to enable dense and energy-efficient antenna architectures. However, jointly optimizing digital beamforming and DMA element weights under time-varying channel conditions remains challenging due to their coupled effects on the received signal and interference powers. We formulate this problem to maximize time-averaged energy efficiency (EE) under time-varying channel conditions, subject to transmit power constraints, Lorentzian phase limitations, and minimum rate requirements. To enable long-term planning and improve sample efficiency compared with model-free reinforcement learning, we develop a world model framework that learns latent system dynamics from interactions with the environment and jointly optimizes digital beamforming and DMA element weights through imagined trajectories. Furthermore, we incorporate feasibility-preserving action mappings and safety cost signals to ensure constraint satisfaction during policy learning. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed framework improves the time-averaged EE by approximately 20% compared with the deep Q-network baseline, while achieving higher sample efficiency and more reliable constraint satisfaction.
Hospitals that serve medical tourists alongside local patients share beds, specialists, and appointment slots between two groups for whom waiting has different consequences. Operations research models are widely used for hospital capacity and scheduling, but often do not explicitly capture patient behavior; agent-based simulation can represent such behavior alongside discrete-event patient flow, while medical-tourism research still mainly treats traveling patients as cases to be scheduled. We develop a hybrid simulation that represents channel choice, physician switching, treatment abandonment, and medication-related deterioration in a multi-specialty international patient department. A 256-run fractional factorial experiment screens 16 controllable factors across six performance measures, followed by a replicated comparison with a discrete-event-only version without these behaviors. At a bed-constrained configuration, mean inpatient admission waiting time is 42% lower in the hybrid model (14.8 versus 25.8 days in the discrete-event-only model, p < 0.001) and 25% to 64% lower under two further conditions. Lacking these behaviors, the simpler model shows no abandonment and fewer emergency escalations. The comparison shows how results depend on model structure; neither variant is validated against observed waiting times. A bed-sharing routine in both variants adds no beds as implemented, so bed sharing is not evaluated. The screening identifies bed capacity as the most consistent driver of waiting; priority rules, channel design, and appointment timing also matter, while specialist capacity has less effect on waiting. Managers should review bed capacity and admission rules before adding specialists or tightening schedules.
Mohammad Mahdi Moradi, Walid Ahmed, Shuangyue Wen, Sudhir Mudur, Weiwei Zhang, Yang Liu
Production LLMs must balance modeling quality with predictable latency, stable accelerator utilization, and cost-efficient scaling—constraints that remain difficult for existing architectures. Transformers provide strong reasoning but incur quadratic complexity, while state-space models (SSMs) scale efficiently yet lack fine-grained interactions; prior hybrids either introduce sequential bottlenecks or rely on learned routing that complicates deployment. We present FlowHN, a deployment-oriented parallel hybrid architecture that enables deterministic conditional computation via FLOP-aware token circulation across attention and SSM branches. Instead of dynamic expert routing, FlowHN performs hardware-aligned token scheduling that balances workloads, reduces synchronization stalls, and preserves full parameter utilization. Across 135M–1B models, FlowHN achieves up to 4× higher throughput and 15% higher MFU than strong Transformer, SSM, and hybrid baselines while maintaining competitive accuracy on reasoning, coding, and long-context tasks up to 32K tokens. FlowHN is designed to integrate directly into existing Hybrid pipelines without changes to optimizers, training stacks, or inference serving infrastructure, making it practical for real-world deployment.
尚无 AI 解读，展示原文摘要
cs.CL
Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 6: Industry Track) · 2026 · 正式发表
Saeed Almheiri, Bilal Elbouardi Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence, Salsabila Zahirah Pranida, Irina Nikishina, Ashwath Rao B Manipal University, Parameswari Krishnamurthy International Institute of Information Technology Hyderabad, Muhammad Cendekia Airlangga, Rifo Ahmad Genadi Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence 等 19 位作者
Idiomatic expressions pose a major challenge for multilingual NLP because their meanings shift between figurative and literal usage, often requiring context for accurate interpretation. Prior work has focused on high-resource languages typically evaluates isolated idiom-meaning questions, overlooking realistic discourse. We introduce MIDI, a multilingual idiom dataset spanning 3 high-, 3 medium-, and 12 low-resource languages, curated by native speakers. Unlike previous datasets, MIDI provides idioms embedded in both sentence-level and conversational contexts, capturing both literal and figurative readings. Benchmarking state-of-the-art models shows that idiom comprehension degrades in low-resource languages and that, in all resource tiers, literal interpretations are substantially harder than figurative ones. Conversational context improves performance but does not eliminate these disparities. Through controlled tests and interventions on hidden representations, we further separate memorization from reasoning, exposing core limitations of current models.
尚无 AI 解读，展示原文摘要
cs.CL
Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表
Muhammad Dehan Al Kautsar, Saeed Almheiri, Momina Ahsan, Bilal Elbouardi Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence, Younes Samih International Business Machines, Sarfraz Ahmad, Amr Keleg Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence, Omar El Herraoui 等 16 位作者
There is a significant gap in evaluating cultural reasoning in LLMs using conversational datasets that capture culturally rich and dialectal contexts. Most Arabic benchmarks focus on short text snippets in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), overlooking the cultural nuances that naturally arise in dialogues. To address this gap, we introduce ArabCulture-Dialogue, a culturally grounded conversational dataset covering 13 Arabic-speaking countries, in both MSA and each country’s respective dialect, spanning 12 daily-life topics and 54 fine-grained subtopics. We utilize the dataset to form three benchmarking tasks: (i) multiple-choice cultural reasoning, (ii) machine translation between MSA and dialects, and (iii) dialect-steering generation. Our experiments indicate that the performance gap between MSA and Arabic dialects still exists, whereby the models perform worse on all three tasks in the dialectal setup, compared to the MSA one.
尚无 AI 解读，展示原文摘要
cs.CL
Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表