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新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.16483

Privacy-Preserving Range Counting over Local Graph Statistics

Gengda Zhao, Yizhang He, Dong Wen, Kai Wang, Ruijia Wu, Jianwei Wang

原文摘要

Range counting over vertex statistics supports contact analysis, community profiling, and reputation screening. However, releasing exact range counts can disclose sensitive edges to an adversary with background knowledge. We study this problem under edge local differential privacy (edge LDP), where each vertex randomizes its report before sending it to an untrusted curator. We develop a layered framework that connects statistic estimation, direct range estimation, and adaptive estimator selection. Statistic-estimation methods provide complementary scalar estimators with explicit loss analyses, while indicator-estimation methods privatize range indicators directly. We next propose Bounded Conditional Range Inversion (BCRI), which derives unbiased range estimates from reusable bounded geometric reports through an explicit local inverse. Its boundary-conditioned estimator achieves no larger expected L2 loss than the unbounded inverse, and histogram preprocessing supports constant-time queries. The same reports also provide a nonnegative, unbiased variance estimate for every answer. At the center of the framework, Adaptive Estimator Selection (AES) privately predicts bias, variance, and covariance to combine BCRI with a conditional estimator from the same transcript. Experiments on diverse real-world graph tasks demonstrate the accuracy, efficiency, and workload scalability of the proposed framework.

cs.DB

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2605.12492

Pion: A Spectrum-Preserving Optimizer via Orthogonal Equivalence Transformation

Kexuan Shi, Hanxuan Li, Zeju Qiu, Yandong Wen, Simon Buchholz, Weiyang Liu

原文摘要

We introduce Pion, a spectrum-preserving optimizer for large language model (LLM) training based on orthogonal equivalence transformation. Unlike additive optimizers such as Adam and Muon, Pion updates each weight matrix through left and right orthogonal transformations, preserving its singular values throughout training. This yields an optimization mechanism that modulates the geometry of weight matrices while keeping their spectral norm fixed. We derive the Pion update rule, systematically examine its design choices, and analyze its convergence behavior along with several key properties. Empirical results show that Pion offers a stable and competitive alternative to standard optimizers for both LLM pretraining and finetuning.

cs.LG · stat.ML

新论文 · v1arXiv:2611.10562

ZARA: Zero-shot Animatable and Relightable 3D Avatar reconstruction from a single image

Yixiao Chen, Dongdong Weng, Chengfeng Zhao, Tao Gong, Zhihe Zhao, Zhe Zhu, Yue Liu, Yuan Liu

原文摘要

Recent large human reconstruction models create remarkable animatable 3D avatars from a single image, but their appearance remains entangled with the illumination and cannot be relighted. In contrast, existing 3D relightable-avatar reconstruction methods typically require person-specific optimization. We present ZARA, a zero-shot feed-forward framework that reconstructs an animatable 3D Gaussian avatar together with its intrinsic attributes from a single image. ZARA couples a pretrained large-scale human reconstruction model with a Material Transformer to inherit geometry priors while learning material-aware Gaussian representations. To preserve localized details, we introduce Gaussian-aligned material feature fusion strategy, which injects multi-scale material features onto individual Gaussians and combines them with geometry tokens. As most human-avatar datasets lack ground-truth material maps, we use pseudo-material labels as conditioning inputs and supervision targets during training. We further introduce MatFace regularization to preserve facial structure and color in albedo prediction under unreliable facial pseudo-material supervision. Extensive experiments demonstrate that ZARA reconstructs animatable and relightable humans within tens of seconds without person-specific optimization or post-processing, outperforming existing baselines in both relighting quality and materials generalization ability. As the ability of recovering the physically-based-rendering attributes of the human, ZARA also enables direct material editing of the avatar's appearance.

cs.CV

版本更新 · v2arXiv:2610.29348

Data Schedules and Learning Rate Schedules Should Be Designed Together

Haodong Wen, Kairong Luo, Tingkai Yan, Wenguang Chen, Kaifeng Lyu

原文摘要

Mid-training (MT) is a training phase in LLM training pipelines that continues pretraining (PT) on smaller datasets of higher value. Taking the PT and MT phases as a whole, training usually starts with only PT data and then transitions completely to MT data. In this work, we view this complete transition from PT to MT data as a special case of a broader class of data mixing schedules that specify how the proportions of PT and MT tokens in each batch change over training. Under fixed total training compute and MT token budgets, we ask: Is this complete transition to MT data optimal for minimizing final MT loss? We show that the answer depends on the learning rate (LR) schedule: one data schedule may outperform another under one LR schedule, but changing only the LR schedule can reverse the outcome. Specifically, when the LR decays throughout continued training, introducing MT data earlier and mixing it with PT data lowers the final MT loss compared with placing all MT data at the end of training, but this result is reversed if we use constant LR. We therefore study how to jointly choose when to introduce MT data and when to decay the LR through ablation studies, and find that it is better to decay the LR only after MT data enters training. Finally, we develop a theoretical model that explains why the optimal data schedule for a fixed MT token budget depends on the LR schedule.

cs.LG · cs.CL

新论文 · v1arXiv:2610.36778

Does LLM Pre-Training Typically Occur at the Edge of Stability?

Yuhang Cai, Haodong Wen, Haofeng Huang, Deyi Liu, Yiyuan Ma, Kaifeng Lyu

原文摘要

Quadratic approximations provide a common lens for studying neural network optimization, but recent evidence challenges their predictive validity. In full-batch gradient descent with learning rate (LR) $η$, Cohen et al. (2021) observed the Edge of Stability (EoS), where the largest Hessian eigenvalue concentrates near $2/η$, seemingly at odds with classical stability conditions predicted by quadratic approximations. In this work, we revisit the fidelity of quadratic approximations as a model of neural network training dynamics, with a particular focus on their failure modes in LLM training. We first highlight a distinct failure mode of the quadratic approximation, where persistent negative curvature causes the quadratic dynamics to diverge regardless of the LR, even though the real dynamics remain stable. We term this phenomenon the Edge of Convexity (EoC). After removing the effect of this LR-independent instability, we then propose a generalized definition of Edge of Stability (EoS) for stochastic training with adaptive optimizers, based on whether increasing the LR induces significant divergence in the quadratic dynamics while leaving the real dynamics largely unchanged. Across different LLM pretraining runs with various model sizes up to 787M, we find that (1) EoC is always observed across LLM pretraining, and (2) EoS is also prevalent but not universal: it disappears when the LR becomes sufficiently small (e.g., after decay) or when the batch size falls below a critical threshold that has a positive correlation with the critical batch size. Together, these findings characterize when and how quadratic approximations fail and provide a foundation for future work on understanding training dynamics.

cs.LG