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原文摘要

We study two models of $\mathsf{ReLU}$ neural networks: monotone networks ($\mathsf{ReLU}^+$) and input convex neural networks ($\mathsf{ICNN}$). Our focus is on expressivity, mostly in terms of depth, and our motivation is to gain a better understanding of the depth required to exactly represent functions using neural networks with ReLU activations, a subject that has received a lot of attention lately. We prove several lower bounds on the depth required to represent functions by monotone ReLU networks and $\mathsf{ICNN}$. For the maximum function $\mathsf{MAX}_n$ computing the maximum of $n$ real numbers, we show that $\mathsf{ReLU}^+$ networks cannot compute $\mathsf{MAX}_n$, or even approximate it. We prove a sharp lower bound of $n-1$ on the $\mathsf{ICNN}$ depth complexity of $\mathsf{MAX}_n$. We also prove depth separations between $\mathsf{ReLU}$ networks and $\mathsf{ICNN}$s; for every $k$, there is a depth-$2$ $\mathsf{ReLU}$ network of size $O(k^2)$ that cannot be simulated by a depth-$k$ $\mathsf{ICNN}$. The proofs are based on deep connections between neural networks and polyhedral geometry, and also use isoperimetric properties of triangulations.