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原文摘要

Filtered vector search returns the nearest neighbors among the vectors that pass a predicate. The predicate is often selective: most tag queries of the Big ANN filtered track select less than 1% of YFCC 10M. Predicate-agnostic methods search one HNSW graph built without metadata and so take any predicate, but below a few percent selectivity they break down. ACORN-1 draws candidates only from passing neighbors and its recall collapses below 1%. HNSW keeps searching but spends about ef/s expansion cycles at selectivity s. We present RACORN-1, an extension of ACORN-1 that keeps its graph and filter-first traversal and adds Adaptive Search Fallback. When the two-hop expansion of a node falls short of a target, failing nodes enter the candidate queue as bridges, under a per-expansion budget, but never enter the result queue. RACORN-1 serves the selectivities ACORN-1 cannot: from 1% down ACORN-1 no longer reaches recall 0.9 at any ef, while RACORN-1 reaches 0.95 from 3% down on every dataset we sweep. It also reaches 0.9 on every natural filter that YFCC and LAION ship and on every conjunction and caption predicate we run, where ACORN-1 misses more than half. With a deadline equal to the time HNSW needs to fill its result queue, RACORN-1 returns the higher recall on all eight datasets at four selectivities. On eight indexes of 1M to 100M vectors, at 1% selectivity and recall 0.9 it is 1.3-8.4x faster than HNSW, and it is 2.2-10.5x faster under adverse correlation.