Building a playable world requires more than generating plausible video: it demands responsive control, persistent spatial structure, and coherent interactions with dynamic entities. Using generated frames as the sole recurrent world representation ties these requirements to view-dependent appearance synthesis, making it difficult to maintain long-term spatial and temporal consistency in generation and interaction. We present PlayGen2, a real-time interactive world model that separates learned 3D state evolution from neural rendering. PlayGen2 maintains a persistent world memory comprising static geometry represented by a volumetric occupancy grid and identity-indexed 3D states for the player and other entities. Within a fixed-size local region, its world-state model jointly learns action-conditioned entity dynamics, geometry completion, and entity discovery, committing updates to a persistent world memory. A separate neural renderer synthesizes first-person observations from depth and semantic projections of the world state, without feeding generated images back into state prediction. Using Doom as a testbed, we demonstrate that the model successfully learns world dynamics including geometry-aware player motion and player--NPC interactions. The framework is computationally efficient, enabling the complete simulation and rendering pipeline to achieve approximately 160ms backend latency on a MacBook Pro with an M4 Pro chip. Beyond single-player interaction, we demonstrate zero-shot deployment on unseen Doom maps, multiplayer interaction through the composition of single-player models, and programmable gameplay through rule-based state interventions. These capabilities demonstrate the transferability and extensibility of the learned game-world model. Code and pretrained model weights are publicly available.
Weimin Wu, Xuefeng Song, Yibo Wen, Qinjie Lin, Zhihan Zhou, Jerry Yao-Chieh Hu, Zhong Wang, Han Liu
We introduce Genome-Factory, the first integrated Python library for tuning, deploying, and interpreting genomic foundation models. Our core contribution is to simplify and unify the workflow for genomic model development: data collection, model tuning, inference, benchmarking, and interpretability. For data collection, Genome-Factory offers an automated pipeline to download genomic sequences and preprocess them. For model tuning, Genome-Factory supports both full and parameter-efficient fine-tuning across diverse genomic models. For inference, Genome-Factory enables both embedding extraction and DNA sequence generation. For benchmarking, we include two existing benchmarks and provide a flexible interface to incorporate additional benchmarks. For interpretability, Genome-Factory introduces an open-source biological interpreter based on a sparse auto-encoder. We validate the utility of Genome-Factory across three dimensions: (i) Compatibility with diverse models and fine-tuning methods; (ii) Benchmarking downstream performance using two open-source benchmarks; (iii) Biological interpretation of learned representations with DNABERT-2. These results highlight its practical value for real-world genomic analysis. GitHub: https://github.com/WeiminWu2000/Genome_Factory.
Flicker-Banding (FB) arises from temporal aliasing between a camera's rolling shutter and a display's brightness modulation, degrading screen-captured image readability with color shifts and jagged patterns. Existing single-frame methods with simplified parametric stripe models cannot reliably distinguish these artifacts from genuine texture. To address this, we conduct a systematic analysis of complex FB morphologies and reveal their significant variation across exposure settings, motivating a multi-frame bracketed RAW restoration paradigm. We construct Bricker, a synthetic-real bracketed RAW dataset built via ray-tracing-based physical simulation and an automated multi-exposure capture tool. We further propose BRACE: Bracketed RAW Flicker-Banding Removal, a multi-frame restoration model that utilizes a frequency-aware banding prior and a multi-scale spatial cross-attention modulator (MSCAM) for cross-exposure spatial fusion. We also introduce the Stripe Frequency Consistency (SFC) metric to evaluate banding removal. Experiments demonstrate state-of-the-art performance on both synthetic and real benchmarks. Our dataset and code are available at: https://github.com/ZZH-qwq/BRACE
Zihan Zhou, Mingxi Ye, Yan Gao, Guipeng Wei, Zibin Zheng
Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in software-engineering workflows, but code-generation benchmarks largely focus on general-purpose languages. Domain-specific languages (DSLs) have distinct syntax, semantics, and validation requirements, making results from individual DSL benchmarks difficult to compare. We present DSL-Bench, an executable benchmark and analysis framework for cross-DSL code generation. Starting from 13,045 DSL-related papers, LLM-assisted open card sorting identifies 18 representative application domains. For each domain, we select an evaluable DSL and provide a syntax checker and task-level semantic oracle. Evaluating 7 LLMs on 18 DSLs, we observe mean syntax and semantic pass rates of 31.37% and 11.64%, respectively, revealing a substantial gap between syntax acceptance and semantic correctness. A variance decomposition attributes 76.99% of semantic pass-rate variation to differences among DSLs and 7.86% to differences among models. Among four DSL-level factors, Knowledge Demand has the strongest negative association with semantic correctness (r = -0.508). We evaluate prompt engineering across all 18 DSLs and study five improvement methods on five targeted DSLs. Prompt engineering yields uneven gains; RAG-Refinement, the strongest targeted method, improves semantic correctness by 16.29 percentage points on average over matched baselines. We further derive capability profiles and DSL-Profiler summaries for interpreting data-scarce DSLs. These results highlight toolchain-specific semantic bottlenecks and the need to evaluate DSL code generation beyond syntax acceptance.
Mingcong Li, Yihan Zhou, Jiayu Qu, Xueyang Guo, Yilin Mo
Diffusion-based policies have achieved strong performance on single-task robotic manipulation. However, a single model trained jointly on multiple tasks consistently underperforms the per-task specialists trained on the same demonstrations. We focus on two challenges. First, the convolutional encoders commonly used in diffusion-based policies produce visual conditions that are not discriminative enough. Second, gradients from incompatible action modes update the shared denoiser's dense parameters along the same directions, causing destructive interference during joint training. To address both, we propose SR-DP (Spectrally Routed Diffusion Policy). A frozen VGGT encoder with a spatial-compression adapter produces compact multi-scale semantic-geometric tokens, a task-discriminative visual condition for tasks that share a workspace. We first train the denoiser as a standard diffusion policy, then decompose selected linear layers by SVD into a frozen basis of orthogonal rank-one experts, adapted through spectral routing and Householder input rotations. On six RoboTwin tasks, SR-DP averages a 68.4% success rate, surpassing multi-task VO-DP by 21.8 points and the strongest per-task baseline by 3.8 points. On four real-world bimanual tasks, Stage 2 reaches a 43.0% average success rate and improves over Stage 1 by 19.0 points.
Vision-language models (VLMs) increasingly support construction hazard monitoring, yet their frequent false alarms remain poorly understood. This study investigates whether false struck-by hazard warnings arise from failures in object recognition, spatial relation encoding, or hazard decisions dominated by learned co-occurrence priors. We evaluated Qwen2.5-VL-7B and InternVL3.5-8B using 355 counterfactual worker-excavator scene pairs with controlled spatial proximity and worker-removal variants, combining behavioral analysis, internal representation probing, causal interventions, and decision correction. Both models recognized the entities and encoded their spatial relations (out-of-fold AUROC: 0.82 and 0.91), assigning higher hazard scores to near than far scenes in 79% and 73% of pairs. Nevertheless, 74% and 100% of far scenes were falsely classified as hazardous. Removing the worker reduced Qwen's hazard rate to 11%, while worker presence exerted 2.4- and 3.2-times greater influence on hazard scores than spatial proximity in the respective models. Attention-head interventions, neuron-level interventions, and activation steering failed to eliminate this co-occurrence bias. However, conditioning hazard decisions on the model's own spatial-relation representation improved Qwen's specificity from 0.36 to 0.58 at matched sensitivity, outperforming threshold recalibration. These findings reveal that VLM struck-by false alarms stem primarily from decision-making failures rather than deficiencies in object recognition or spatial encoding, suggesting that future efforts should prioritize conditioning hazard decisions on encoded spatial evidence rather than further improving visual recognition alone.
Li Kang, Yutao Fan, Rui Li, Heng Zhou, Yiran Qin, Zhemeng Zhang, Songtao Huang, Xiufeng Song 等 14 位作者
General-purpose coding agents can now write, debug, and refine entire robot programs, but only if they have somewhere to practice. Physical hardware is a poor practice ground: exploratory rollouts are slow to reset and, when several arms share a workspace, unsafe. Generic simulation benchmarks are safe but do not match the geometry, assets, or viewpoints of the workspace where the robot must actually work. We present CoEx (Code-driven Exploration), which lets the agent practice in an executable digital twin of its own deployment workspace. The twin is built by CoEnv, our real-to-sim framework, which reconstructs the physical scene from multi-view RGBD into a physics simulation. Inside it, a centralized code agent explores at the program level, writing a complete multi-arm program, running it in the twin, and refining it against grounded verification (privileged state checks, checkpoint predicates on risky steps, and adaptive viewpoints against inter-arm occlusion). Verified programs transfer to hardware through collision-checked deployment. On five real-world multi-arm tasks with up to three heterogeneous robots, CoEx reaches 70% average success, against 50% for the same system without the code agent (where a VLM must choose every primitive step by step), outperforms two prior VLM-planning frameworks, and produces verified episodes at 3.8-11.7x the ablated rate. Because every verified rollout is also a demonstration, exploration leaves reusable experience behind: a $π_{0.5}$ policy fine-tuned purely on 200 agent-generated rollouts reaches 100% and 70% real-robot success on two tasks, with no human demonstrations.
Manni Cui, Ziheng Qin, ZiAn Wang, Ruiqi Liu, Dianyuan Zou, Jianglan Wei, Han Zhou, Yu Liu 等 11 位作者
AI-generated videos (AIGVs) typically contain subtle temporal artifacts that arise from inter-frame inconsistencies rather than within individual frames. A detector that captures such artifacts should therefore benefit from video pretrained backbones over image only ones. In practice, however, video backbones with standard global readouts often fail to outperform strong image pretrained probes on AIGV benchmarks. We attribute this gap to excessive spatiotemporal aggregation in the readout. Video pretrained backbones tend to compress each frame into a single global descriptor. This compression suppresses local patch level temporal dynamics and discards inter patch relations, which are precisely the cues that AIGV detection most reliably depends on. Based on this, we propose Velocity Gated Patch Velocity Profiling (V-PVP), a lightweight readout that replaces only the aggregation layer with two parallel streams over the patch velocity field, adding only about $0.5$M trainable parameters. V-PVP serves as a general plug-and-play module that consistently improves performance across diverse video backbones under both end-to-end fine-tuning and linear probing settings. Our method reaches 95.28 AUC on AIGVDBench while keeping the backbone fully frozen. The results show that simply replacing the aggregation layer reactivates the temporal potential of frozen video backbones, restoring their advantage on AIGV detection. Code is available at https://github.com/manic-cui/Rethinking-the-readout.
Capturing screens is now routine in our everyday lives. But the photographs of emissive displays are often influenced by the flicker-banding (FB), which is alternating bright-dark stripes that arise from temporal aliasing between a camera's rolling-shutter readout and the display's brightness modulation. Unlike moire degradation, which has been extensively studied, the FB remains underexplored despite its frequent and severe impact on readability and perceived quality. We formulate FB removal as a dedicated restoration task and introduce Removal of Image Flicker-Banding via Latent Diffusion Enhancement, RIFLE, a diffusion-based framework designed to remove FB while preserving fine details. We propose the flicker-banding prior estimator (FPE) that predicts key banding attributes and injects it into the restoration network. Additionally, Masked Loss (ML) is proposed to concentrate supervision on banded regions without sacrificing global fidelity. To overcome data scarcity, we provide a simulation pipeline that synthesizes FB in the luminance domain with stochastic jitter in banding angle, banding spacing, and banding width. Feathered boundaries and sensor noise are also applied for a more realistic simulation. For evaluation, we collect a paired real-world FB dataset with pixel-aligned banding-free references captured via long exposure. Across quantitative metrics and visual comparisons on our real-world dataset, RIFLE consistently outperforms recent image reconstruction baselines from mild to severe flicker-banding. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first work to research the simulation and removal of FB. Our work establishes a great foundation for subsequent research in both the dataset construction and the removal model design. Our dataset and code will be released soon.
AI Cosmos Team, Jinfeng Zhou, Yuxuan Chen, Fangming Chang, Mingyu Su, Yifan Zhu, Yuan Wang, Bo Zhang 等 35 位作者
Large language models (LLMs) can improve task performance during learning, yet these gains do not necessarily reflect learners' ability to thereafter apply the knowledge and skills independently. We present AI Cosmos, an agentic infrastructure for situated learning that organizes learning around two complementary principles: scenario-based participation and cumulative assets of practice. AI Cosmos organizes learners and role-specialized agents within learning scenarios that integrate task-relevant knowledge and, when needed, executable workbenches. An asset-memory loop preserves the processes and outcomes of practice as reusable assets with explicit provenance and dependencies. We evaluate scenario-based interaction through two preregistered randomized controlled studies examining the acquisition of legal reasoning and programming competence, holding the same underlying LLM across conditions. AI Cosmos achieves greater learning gains than a conventional LLM in legal reasoning and higher mastery of unseen programming problems than an LLM-as-Teacher baseline.
We address the problem of active logistic regression in the realizable setting. It is well known that active learning can require exponentially fewer label queries compared to passive learning, in some cases using $\log \frac{1}{\eps}$ rather than $\poly(1/\eps)$ labels to get error $\eps$ larger than the optimum. We present the first algorithm that is polynomially competitive with the optimal algorithm on every input instance, up to a factor $d^2$ and factors polylogarithmic in the error and domain size. In particular, on a simple family of logistic threshold instances with a uniform distribution, our algorithm uses $\polylog(1/\eps)$ labels, whereas every passive learner requires $Ω(1/\eps^2)$ labels. Our algorithm is based on sampling and can be extended to learn more general class of functions. We further support our theoretical results with experiments demonstrating performance gains for logistic regression compared to existing active learning algorithms.
For some hypothesis classes and input distributions, active agnostic learning needs exponentially fewer samples than passive learning; for other classes and distributions, it offers little to no improvement. The most popular algorithms for agnostic active learning express their performance in terms of a parameter called the disagreement coefficient, but it is known that these algorithms are inefficient on some inputs. We take a different approach to agnostic active learning, getting an algorithm that is competitive with the optimal algorithm for any binary hypothesis class $H$ and distribution $D_X$ over $X$. In particular, if any algorithm can use $m^*$ queries to get $O(η)$ error, then our algorithm uses $O(m^* \log |H|)$ queries to get $O(η)$ error. Our algorithm lies in the vein of the splitting-based approach of Dasgupta [2004], which gets a similar result for the realizable ($η= 0$) setting. We also show that it is NP-hard to do better than our algorithm's $O(\log |H|)$ overhead in general.
Adrien Petralia, Alexandre Gavaudan, Artjom Joosen, Etienne Goffinet, Richard Kurle, Yassine El Ouahidi, Yassir Bendou, Abdelaziz Bounhar 等 356 位作者
We introduce Timestral, a family of four time series foundation models for probabilistic forecasting, with 5M, 28M, 123M, and 209M parameters. Timestral sets a new state of the art on GIFT-Eval, TIME, and fev-bench, where Timestral-209M and Timestral-123M take the top two places on every metric. We achieve this with three ingredients: Decoupled Horizon Forecasting (DHF), which separates prediction tokens from the causally encoded context, so that longer horizons are trained without masking context and each observed value is both a forecast target and context for later forecasts; a covariate framework that natively supports known-future covariates within a causal architecture; and a two-stage pipeline that pretrains exclusively on a diverse, large-scale synthetic corpus before post-training on a mix of real and synthetic data with extended context. This report describes the model design and its benchmark results. Weights for all four models are available on Hugging Face and inference code on GitHub.
Wei-Wei Zhang, Pengkai Wang, Yan Li, Zhijie Sang, Guan-Qun Zhou, Jun-Yan Li, Shu-Han Zhou, Pei-Wen Liu 等 16 位作者
Large language models (LLMs) show promise in specialty medicine, yet existing evaluations largely focus on isolated clinical encounters rather than tracking how clinical responsibilities evolve across a longitudinal care pathway. Here we introduce NPC-RubricBench, a phase-aware benchmark for evaluating multistage clinical reasoning across the cancer care continuum, using nasopharyngeal carcinoma as a defined disease context. Curated from longitudinal records of 405 patients across two cancer centers, the benchmark comprises 941 patient-phase units across six sequential care phases and 17,688 patient-specific atomic criteria spanning five evaluation dimensions, with each assessment strictly restricted to decision-time clinical evidence. Evaluating 30 general-purpose and medical LLMs revealed that strong diagnostic performance does not carry over to downstream care. We evaluated 30 general-purpose and medical LLMs, showing that high diagnostic performance did not translate into improved downstream care. Instead, the dominant failure modes reversed across phases. Explicit decision errors dominated anatomical staging at 48.2%, whereas decision omissions dominated initial work-up and post-treatment follow-up at 33.4% and 30.4%, respectively. In the evaluated model set, medically adapted models showed higher omission rates than general-purpose models. Moreover, varying query granularity exposes a critical specification trade-off: broad open-ended requests degrade Decision Quality across all 30 models, while more detailed, checklist-like prompts raise Decision Quality but reduce Evidence Faithfulness and Safety Adherence. Furthermore, NPC-RubricBench demonstrates that static diagnostic benchmarks are insufficient to ensure consistent clinical reliability over time, highlighting the importance of phase-adaptive safeguards in multistage medical AI.
Wonduk Seo Enhans and Peking University, Juhyeon Lee, Yanjun Shao, Qingshan Zhou Peking University, Seunghyun Lee Enhans, Yi Bu Peking University
Large Language Models (LLMs) have enabled dynamic reasoning in automated data analytics, yet recent multi-agent systems remain limited by rigid, single-path workflows that restrict strategic exploration and often lead to suboptimal outcomes. To overcome these limitations, we propose SPIO (Sequential Plan Integration and Optimization), a framework that replaces rigid workflows with adaptive, multi-path planning across four core modules: data preprocessing, feature engineering, model selection, and hyperparameter tuning. In each module, specialized agents generate diverse candidate strategies, which are cascaded and refined by an optimization agent. SPIO offers two operating modes: SPIO-S for selecting a single optimal pipeline, and SPIO-E for ensembling top-k pipelines to maximize robustness. Extensive evaluations on Kaggle and OpenML benchmarks show that SPIO consistently outperforms state-of-the-art baselines, achieving an average performance gain of 5.6%. By explicitly exploring and integrating multiple solution paths, SPIO delivers a more flexible, accurate, and reliable foundation for automated data science.
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cs.CL · cs.MA
Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表
Hang fu, Wanli Peng China Agricultural University, Yinghan Zhou, Jiaxuan Wu, Juan Wen China Agricultural University, Xue Yiming China Agricultural University
The widespread adoption of Large Language Model (LLM) in commercial and research settings has intensified the need for robust intellectual property protection. Backdoor-based LLM fingerprinting has emerged as a promising solution for this challenge. In practical application, the low-cost multi-model collaborative technique, LLM ensemble, combines diverse LLMs to leverage their complementary strengths, garnering significant attention and practical adoption. Unfortunately, the vulnerability of existing LLM fingerprinting for the ensemble scenario is unexplored. In order to comprehensively assess the robustness of LLM fingerprinting, in this paper, we propose two novel fingerprinting attack methods: token filter attack (TFA) and sentence verification attack (SVA). The TFA gets the next token from a unified set of tokens created by the token filter mechanism at each decoding step. The SVA filters out fingerprint responses through a sentence verification mechanism based on perplexity and voting. Experimentally, the proposed methods effectively inhibit the fingerprint response while maintaining ensemble performance. Compared with state-of-the-art attack methods, the proposed method can achieve better performance. The findings necessitate enhanced robustness in LLM fingerprinting.
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cs.CL
Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表
Yi Han, Haiqi Lu, Lizi Liao Singapore Management University, Shuhan Zhou, Yuanxing Liu Harbin Institute of Technology, Weinan Zhang Harbin Institute of Technology, Ting Liu Harbin Institute of Technology
Social bot accounts have long been disseminating disinformation and engaging in malicious activities on social media platforms. Detecting these social bots has become a critical and urgent task, essential for maintaining a healthy online ecosystem. Existing social bot detection research usually provides detection results directly without corresponding supportive explanations, making it difficult to assess the extent to which such predictions are trustworthy. This is a key concern for online moderation. In this work, we explore the detection interpretation and summarize a four-dimensional clue framework from individual and social perspectives. We propose CDRBot, which primarily employs outcome-reward reinforcement learning to train inspectors to generate faithful, grounded, and readable clues from the User Information, Semantic Features, Interactive Situation, and Behavioral Pattern. These clues are then integrated to make final predictions. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach outperforms other baselines in detection performance. The generated clues are faithful, grounded, and readable, and can significantly enhance the performance of large language models in social bot detection.
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cs.CL
Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表