在量子计算机中加载经典数据的能量代价
The energetic cost of loading classical data in quantum computers
Joao F. Doriguello, Alessandro Luongo, Harshit Verma
AI 速读 基于摘要
作者将经典数据加载视为硬件过程,量化超导处理器上QRAM查询的动态能量代价,并比较两种QRAM架构。
quant-ph · cs.ET
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Quantum algorithms for machine learning, chemistry, and cryptanalysis often assume coherent access to classical data at negligible physical cost. We instead treat data loading as a hardware process and quantify the dynamic energetic cost of a quantum random access memory (QRAM) query on a superconducting processor. Using the metric-noise-resource framework, we relate query fidelity and power to gate duration, relative two-qubit drive strength, and the distribution of attenuation across a multi-stage refrigerator, while accounting for thermal photons and gate errors. We analyze the linear-depth multiplexer and the noise-resilient bucket-brigade architectures, adapting the latter to a native superconducting gate set and refining its fidelity analysis using the fully decomposed gate schedule. For a representative bucket-brigade QRAM query with a $12$-qubit address register we obtain a query fidelity of $0.969$. The query consumes $3.51\times10^{-4}\,\mathrm{J}$ of dynamic energy, corresponding to an average dynamic power of $4.38\,\mathrm{W}$ and a peak of $64.4\,\mathrm{W}$. Our optimization shows that, at fixed target fidelity, the operating point and attenuation profile can change the average power by a factor of two or more.