Xiaoning Ren, Jiayang Song, Chongyang Liu, Jie Li, Lei Ma, Yinxing Xue
Neuron coverage criteria aim to assess test suite quality and guide test input generation, but their effectiveness for Transformer-based language models remains unclear. We evaluate six criteria, including four established and two recent criteria, across encoder-only, decoder-only, and encoder-decoder models. Our evaluation examines error-revealing capability, distribution diversity, sample fairness (category diversity), and guidance for test input generation. The results reveal uneven effectiveness. Erroneous samples provide only 0.32% additional coverage over noise samples, indicating limited sensitivity to adversarial errors. By contrast, coverage criteria effectively assess distribution diversity and sample fairness in 26 and 30 of 33 configurations, respectively. Incorporating neuron-wise coverage guidance into test input generation increases adversarial sample production by only 4.56%. These findings suggest that existing coverage criteria can serve as an antidote for assessing diversity but remain largely a placebo for revealing adversarial errors, particularly when used individually. Their practical value therefore depends on whether these limited benefits justify the computational overhead of testing large Transformer-based models. Our study highlights the need for more robust and efficient coverage criteria tailored to these models, with stronger error-revealing capability and greater value for test generation.
Hanxue Zhang, Zetong Yang, Yanan Sun, Li Chen, Fatma Güney, Hongyang Li
This paper introduces Test-time Correction (TTC), an online 3D detection system designed to rectify test-time errors using various auxiliary feedback, aiming to enhance the safety of deployed autonomous driving systems. Unlike conventional offline 3D detectors that remain fixed during inference, TTC enables immediate online error correction without retraining, allowing autonomous vehicles to adapt to new scenarios and reduce deployment risks. To achieve this, we equip existing 3D detectors with an Online Adapter (OA) module -- a prompt-driven query generator for real-time correction. At the core of OA module are visual prompts: image-based descriptions of objects of interest derived from auxiliary feedback such as mismatches with 2D detections, road descriptions, or user clicks. These visual prompts, collected from risky objects during inference, are maintained in a visual prompt buffer to enable continuous correction in future frames. By leveraging this mechanism, TTC consistently detects risky objects, achieving reliable, adaptive, and versatile driving autonomy. Extensive experiments show that TTC significantly improves instant error rectification over frozen 3D detectors, even under limited labels, zero-shot settings, and adverse conditions. We hope this work inspires future research on post-deployment online rectification systems for autonomous driving.
We study conformal prediction under covariate shift with a known covariate density ratio, seeking prediction sets with minimum expected length under the target distribution. For every calibration sample size, we prove that the rule combining the inverse conditional-density score with randomized weighted conformal calibration minimizes this expected length among all rules valid over the full weighted-exchangeability class. We approximate the oracle using quantile and kernel histograms, including forest-weighted estimators, and select estimators and tuning parameters by resampling to estimate calibrated target length. On a bounded response domain, we bound excess length linearly in $L^1$ density error at fixed calibration size, without requiring a uniform positive lower bound on the true density. We also bound selection-pool and resampling errors. Under explicit growth conditions, the selected procedure approaches the same oracle while the calibration size remains fixed. Experiments on 36 known-density configurations and four public regression datasets compare coverage, prediction-set length, and runtime with existing methods. In targeted low-coverage and strong-shift comparisons, inverse-density selection yields shorter mean sets in most cases and lower mean runtime than the evaluated weighted baselines, with some differences in achieved coverage.
Deep research agents extend the role of search engines from retrieving keyword-matched pages to synthesizing knowledge, fundamentally changing how humans interact with information. However, frontier systems remain proprietary, while existing open agents often generalize poorly across different task types, leaving unclear how to train a broadly capable deep research agent. We release QUEST, a family of open models (ranging from 2B to 35B) that serve as general-purpose deep research agents designed to handle a wide range of long-horizon search tasks, with strong capabilities in fact seeking, citation grounding, and report synthesis. To build QUEST, we propose an effective training recipe combining mid-training, supervised fine-tuning, and reinforcement learning. Central to this recipe is a curated data synthesis pipeline based on unified rubric trees, which applies to different task types and enables synthesizing training data with verifiable rewards without human annotation. In addition, QUEST incorporates a built-in context management mechanism that enables effective long-horizon reasoning and knowledge synthesis. Using only 8K synthesized tasks, QUEST approaches or even surpasses frontier closed-source agents across eight deep research benchmarks spanning diverse task types, and achieves the best overall performance among recent open-weight agents. We released everything: models, data, and training scripts.
Zhengyi Zhao The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shubo Zhang, Yiming Du, Bin Liang The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Baojun Wang Huawei Technologies Ltd., Zhongyang Li, Binyang Li, Kam-Fai Wong The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Large language models have improved dialogue systems, but often process conversational turns in isolation, overlooking the event structures that guide natural interactions. Hence we introduce EventWeave, a framework that explicitly models relationships between conversational events to generate more contextually appropriate dialogue responses. EventWeave constructs a dynamic event graph that distinguishes between core events (main goals) and supporting events (interconnected details), employing a multi-head attention mechanism to selectively determine which events are most relevant to the current turn. Unlike summarization or standard graph-based approaches, our method captures three distinct relationship types between events, allowing for more nuanced context modeling. Experiments on three dialogue datasets demonstrate that EventWeave produces more natural and contextually appropriate responses while requiring less computational overhead than models processing the entire dialogue history. Ablation studies confirm improvements stem from better event relationship modeling rather than increased information density. Our approach effectively balances comprehensive context understanding with generating concise responses, maintaining strong performance across various dialogue lengths through targeted optimization techniques.
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Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · 2026 · 正式发表