Mix-supervised image segmentation aims to effectively leverage heterogeneous annotations. Recent prompt-based advances utilize foundation models such as Segment Anything Model (SAM) to generate pseudo-masks by treating weak labels as spatial prompts. However, these methods rely heavily on sparse spatial priors, leading to suboptimal performance in ambiguous regions and overlooking the potential of unlabeled data due to the absence of promptable cues. In this paper, we propose SAMIX, a novel framework that adapts SAM2 into a semantic-aware pseudo-label generator SA-SAM2 by incorporating a lightweight semantic adapter. Beyond being guided by sparse spatial prompts, SA-SAM2 facilitates dense contextual prompts provided by valuable image-mask reference pairs with shared semantics. Another core component of SAMIX is the Selecting Policy Network (SPNet), which auto-regressively retrieves relevant and complementary reference samples for each query image. Unlike rule-based selections, SPNet is trained via reinforcement learning to actively explore reference combinations that maximize pseudo-label quality. Guided by customized and verifiable rewards associated with mask quality, the selection is directed toward semantically informative and diverse contexts. We conduct extensive experiments on two general datasets (PASCAL VOC 2012 and Cityscapes) and two specific datasets with ambiguous boundaries (camouflaged object detection and image polyp segmentation). Across diverse mix-supervision settings, SAMIX consistently achieves state-of-the-art performance. Codes are available at https://github.com/Huster-Hq/SAMIX.
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cs.CV
Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · 2026 · 正式发表
Long-video understanding remains challenging due to extreme temporal redundancy, sparse yet decisive events, and the instability of long-horizon reasoning in visual-language models (VLMs). Existing agent-based methods invoke external micro-tools but remain static, repeatedly rebuilding long chains of fine-grained operations for each task without acquiring reusable multi-step perceptual skills.We propose META, the first training-free agent capable of self-evolving its tool-augmented reasoning. META operates through dual Solving and Evolving loops: it analyzes its own tool trajectories, abstracts recurring multi-step patterns into reusable macro-tools, and distills failed executions into structured failure priors that refine tool usage. Through symbolic consolidation and pruning, META progressively shortens reasoning paths and acquires more general perceptual and temporal abilities--without any parameter updates. META achieves state-of-the-art performance on long-video benchmarks, demonstrating a scalable, model-agnostic paradigm for long-video understanding that can continually evolve without additional training.
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cs.CV · cs.CL
Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · 2026 · 正式发表
Recent advances in Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have predominantly focused on enhancing visual \perception to improve \accuracy. However, a critical question remains unexplored: Do models know when they do not know? Through a probing experiment, we reveal a severe \confidence miscalibration problem in MLLMs. To address this, we propose Confidence-Driven Reinforcement Learning (CDRL), which uses original-noise image pairs and a novel confidence-based reward to enhance perceptual sensitivity and robustly calibrate the model's confidence. Beyond training benefits, calibrated confidence enables more effective test-time scaling as a free lunch. We further propose Confidence-Aware Test-Time Scaling (CA-TTS), which dynamically coordinates Self-Consistency, Self-Reflection, and Visual Self-Check modules guided by confidence signals. An Expert Model acts in multiple roles (e.g., Planner, Critic, Voter) to schedule these modules and provide external verification. Our integrated framework establishes new state-of-the-art results with consistent 8.8% gains across four benchmarks. More ablation studies demonstrate the effectiveness of each module and scaling superiority. Our code will be released after the acception.
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cs.CV · cs.CL
Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · 2026 · 正式发表