VACE:为时间序列异常检测学习几何结构化表示
VACE: Learning Geometrically Structured Representations for Time Series Anomaly Detection
Alberto D. Cencillo, Leonardo Concepción, Isaac Triguero, Julián Luengo
AI 速读 基于摘要
VACE 通过速度一致性目标训练通道感知编码器,把正常多元时间序列表示为嵌入空间中局部平滑、方向连贯的轨迹,并用位置与方向得分相乘进行异常检测。
cs.LG · cs.AI
查看原文摘要
Anomaly detection in multivariate time series is a critical task across a wide range of real-world applications, where abnormal behaviour is rare, labels are unavailable, and the cost of a miss is high. The central challenge is learning a characterisation of normality precise enough to flag deviations. Representation self-supervised learning, typically through contrastive approaches, addresses this by embedding temporal patches into a latent space where normality occupies a well-defined region, with anomalies detected by geometric deviation. However, contrastive approaches shape this space indirectly through pair-sampling heuristics, providing no explicit control over the geometric structure on which distance-based scoring operates. That geometry is thus left to chance. We present VACE (Velocity-Aligned Channel Embeddings), a self-supervised anomaly detection method that represents normality as a locally smooth, directionally coherent trajectory in the embedding space. To this end, VACE trains a channel-aware encoder through a velocity-consistency objective, with no negatives and no synthetic anomalies, so that normal trajectories are locally smooth and aligned. At test time, a Mahalanobis positional score and a directional score computed against a bank of normal directions are combined multiplicatively, the directional score acting as a gate that amplifies the positional one where the local dynamics are atypical. Despite its simplicity, VACE achieves state-of-the-art performance on TSB-AD-M under rigorous evaluation, significantly outperforming more complex methods trained on substantially larger budgets.